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{{BibleRelated}} [[Biblical manuscript|New Testament manuscripts]] in Greek are categorized into five groups.This categorization scheme was introduced in 1981 by [[Kurt Aland|Kurt]] and Barbara Aland in ''Der Text des Neuen Testaments''. The categories are based on how each manuscript relates to the various text-types. Generally speaking, earlier, [[Alexandrian text-type|Alexandrian]] manuscripts are category I while later, [[Byzantine text-type|Byzantine]] manuscripts are category V. == Description of categories == === Category I === This category represents the earliest and best manuscripts. Fourth century and earlier papyri and uncials are in this category, as are manuscripts of the [[Alexandrian text-type]]. The manuscripts in this category are important when considering textual problems and are considered to be a good representation of the autograph. === Category II === The manuscripts in this category are similar to category I manuscripts, and are important in textual consideration of the autograph. However, the texts usually contain some alien influences, such as those found in the [[Byzantine text-type]]. Egyptian texts fall in this category. === Category III === The manuscripts in category III are important when discussing the history of the textual traditions and to a lesser degree for establishing the original text. The manuscripts usually contain independent readings, and have a distinctive character. [[Family 1|''f''<sup>1</sup>]], [[Family 13|''f''<sup>13</sup>]] are examples of manuscript families that fall within this category. Manuscripts of this category usually present mixed or eclectic text-type. === Category IV === Category IV contains the few manuscripts that follow the text of the [[Codex Bezae]] (D). These texts are of the [[Western text-type]]. === Category V === [[Byzantine text-type|Byzantine]] and mostly Byzantine texts fall under this category. == Distribution of Greek manuscripts by century and category == See [Aland:159-162]. {| class="wikitable" ! !! I !! II !! III !! IV !! V |- ! 150 | [[Rylands Library Papyrus P52|饾敁<sup>52</sup>]], [[Papyrus 90|饾敁<sup>90</sup>]], [[Papyrus 104|饾敁<sup>104</sup>]] || || || || |- ! 200 | [[Papyrus 32|饾敁<sup>32</sup>]], [[Papyrus 46|饾敁<sup>46</sup>]], [[Magdalen papyrus|饾敁<sup>64/67</sup>]], [[Papyrus 66|饾敁<sup>66</sup>]], [[Papyrus 77|饾敁<sup>77</sup>]], [[Uncial 0189|0189]] || || || || |- ! 250 | [[Papyrus 1|饾敁<sup>1</sup>]], [[Papyrus 4|饾敁<sup>4</sup>]], [[Papyrus 5|饾敁<sup>5</sup>]], [[Papyrus 9|饾敁<sup>9</sup>]], [[Papyrus 12|饾敁<sup>12</sup>]], [[Papyrus 15|饾敁<sup>15</sup>]], [[Papyrus 20|饾敁<sup>20</sup>]], [[Papyrus 22|饾敁<sup>22</sup>]], [[Papyrus 23|饾敁<sup>23</sup>]], [[Papyrus 27|饾敁<sup>27</sup>]], [[Papyrus 28|饾敁<sup>28</sup>]], [[Papyrus 29|饾敁<sup>29</sup>]], [[Papyrus 30|饾敁<sup>30</sup>]], [[Papyrus 39|饾敁<sup>39</sup>]], [[Papyrus 40|饾敁<sup>40</sup>]], [[Papyrus 45|饾敁<sup>45</sup>]], [[Papyrus 47|饾敁<sup>47</sup>]], [[Papyrus 49|饾敁<sup>49</sup>]], [[Papyrus 53|饾敁<sup>53</sup>]], [[Papyrus 65|饾敁<sup>65</sup>]], [[Papyrus 70|饾敁<sup>70</sup>]], [[Papyrus 75|饾敁<sup>75</sup>]], [[Papyrus 80|饾敁<sup>80</sup>]], [[Papyrus 87|饾敁<sup>87</sup>]], [[Uncial 0220|0220]]|| || [[Uncial 0212|0212]] || [[Papyrus 48|饾敁<sup>48</sup>]], [[Papyrus 69|饾敁<sup>69</sup>]] || |- ! 300 | [[Papyrus 13|饾敁<sup>13</sup>]], [[Papyrus 16|饾敁<sup>16</sup>]], [[Papyrus 18|饾敁<sup>18</sup>]], [[Papyrus 37|饾敁<sup>37</sup>]], [[Papyrus 72|饾敁<sup>72</sup>]], [[Papyrus 78|饾敁<sup>78</sup>]], [[Uncial 0162|0162]], [[Papyrus 115|饾敁<sup>115</sup>]] || || || [[Papyrus 38|饾敁<sup>38</sup>]], [[Uncial 0171|0171]] || |- ! 350 | [[Papyrus 10|饾敁<sup>10</sup>]], [[Papyrus 24|饾敁<sup>24</sup>]], [[Papyrus 35|饾敁<sup>35</sup>]], [[Codex Sinaiticus|01]], [[Codex Vaticanus|03]] || [[Papyrus 6|饾敁<sup>6</sup>]], [[Papyrus 8|饾敁<sup>8</sup>]], [[Papyrus 17|饾敁<sup>17</sup>]], [[Papyrus 62|饾敁<sup>62</sup>]], [[Papyrus 71|饾敁<sup>71</sup>]], [[Papyrus 81|饾敁<sup>81</sup>]], [[Papyrus 86|饾敁<sup>86</sup>]], [[Uncial 0185|0185]]|| [[Papyrus 88|饾敁<sup>88</sup>]], [[Uncial 058|058]]?, [[Uncial 0169|0169]], [[Uncial 0188|0188]], [[Uncial 0206|0206]], [[Uncial 0207|0207]], [[Uncial 0221|0221]], [[Uncial 0228|0228]], [[Uncial 0231|0231]], [[Uncial 0242|0242]] || || |- ! 400 | [[Uncial 057|057]] || [[Papyrus 19|饾敁<sup>19</sup>]], [[Papyrus 51|饾敁<sup>51</sup>]], [[Papyrus 57|饾敁<sup>57</sup>]], [[Papyrus 82|饾敁<sup>82</sup>]], [[Papyrus 85|饾敁<sup>85</sup>]], [[Uncial 0181|0181]], [[Uncial 0270|0270]] || [[Papyrus 21|饾敁<sup>21</sup>]], [[Papyrus 50|饾敁<sup>50</sup>]], [[Uncial 059|059]], [[Uncial 0160|0160]], [[Uncial 0176|0176]], [[Uncial 0214|0214]], [[Uncial 0219|0219]] || || |- ! 450 | [[Codex Alexandrinus|02]] (except Gospels), [[Uncial 0254|0254]] || [[Papyrus 14|饾敁<sup>14</sup>]], [[Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus|04]], [[Codex Freerianus|016]], [[Codex Borgianus|029]], [[Codex Vaticanus 2061|048]], [[Uncial 077|077]], [[Uncial 0172|0172]], [[Uncial 0173|0173]], [[Uncial 0175|0175]], [[Uncial 0201|0201]], [[Uncial 0240|0240]], [[Uncial 0244|0244]], [[Uncial 0274|0274]] || [[Codex Alexandrinus|02]] (Gospels), [[Codex Washingtonianus|032]], [[Uncial 062|062]], [[Uncial 068|068]], [[Uncial 069|069]], [[Uncial 0163|0163]], [[Uncial 0165|0165]] (?), [[Uncial 0166|0166]], [[Uncial 0182|0182]], [[Uncial 0216|0216]], [[Uncial 0217|0217]], [[Uncial 0218|0218]], [[Uncial 0226|0226]], [[Uncial 0227|0227]], [[Uncial 0236|0236]], [[Uncial 0252|0252]], [[Uncial 0261|0261]] || [[Codex Bezae|05]] || [[Codex Guelferbytanus B|026]], [[Uncial 061|061]] |- ! 500 | || [[Papyrus 56|饾敁<sup>56</sup>]], [[Uncial 071|071]], [[Uncial 076|076]], [[Uncial 088|088]], [[Uncial 0232|0232]], [[Uncial 0247|0247]] || [[Papyrus 54|饾敁<sup>54</sup>]], [[Papyrus 63|饾敁<sup>63</sup>]], [[Uncial 072|072]], [[Uncial 0170|0170]], [[Uncial 0186|0186]], [[Uncial 0213|0213]] || || |- ! 550 | || [[Papyrus 33|饾敁<sup>33+58</sup>]], [[Codex Claromontanus|06]], [[Codex Laudianus|08]], [[Uncial 073|073]], [[Uncial 081|081]], [[Uncial 085|085]], [[Uncial 087|087]], [[Uncial 089|089]], [[Uncial 091|091]], [[Uncial 093|093]] (1 Peter), [[Uncial 094|094]], [[Uncial 0184|0184]], [[Uncial 0223|0223]], [[Uncial 0225|0225]], [[Uncial 0245|0245]] || [[Papyrus 2|饾敁<sup>2</sup>]], [[Papyrus 36|饾敁<sup>36</sup>]], [[Papyrus 76|饾敁<sup>76</sup>]], [[Papyrus 83|饾敁<sup>83</sup>]], [[Papyrus 84|饾敁<sup>84</sup>]], [[Codex Claromontanus|06]], [[Codex Coislinianus|015]], [[Codex Dublinensis|035]], [[Codex Zacynthius|040]], [[Uncial 060|060]], [[Uncial 066|066]], [[Uncial 067|067]], [[Uncial 070|070]], [[Uncial 078|078]], [[Uncial 079|079]], [[Uncial 082|082]], [[Uncial 086|086]], [[Uncial 0143|0143]], [[Uncial 0147|0147]], [[Uncial 0159|0159]], [[Uncial 0187|0187]], [[Uncial 0198|0198]], [[Uncial 0208|0208]], [[Uncial 0222|0222]], [[Uncial 0237|0237]], [[Uncial 0241|0241]], [[Uncial 0251|0251]], [[Uncial 0260|0260]], [[Uncial 0266|0266]] || || [[Codex Petropolitanus Purpureus|022]], [[Codex Sinopensis|023]], [[Codex Guelferbytanus A|024]], [[Codex Nitriensis|027]], [[Rossano Gospels|042]], [[Codex Beratinus|043]], [[Uncial 064|064]], [[Uncial 065|065]], [[Uncial 093|093]] (Acts), [[Uncial 0246|0246]], [[Uncial 0253|0253]], [[Uncial 0265|0265]]? |- ! 600 | [[Papyrus 26|饾敁<sup>26</sup>]] || [[Papyrus 43|饾敁<sup>43</sup>]], [[Papyrus 44|饾敁<sup>44</sup>]], [[Papyrus 55|饾敁<sup>55</sup>]], [[Uncial 083|083]] || [[Papyrus 3|饾敁<sup>3</sup>]], [[Uncial 0164|0164]], [[Uncial 0199|0199]] || |- ! 650 | [[Papyrus 74|饾敁<sup>74</sup>]], [[Uncial 098|098]] || [[Papyrus 11|饾敁<sup>11</sup>]], [[Papyrus 31|饾敁<sup>31</sup>]], [[Papyrus 34|饾敁<sup>34</sup>]], [[Papyrus 79|饾敁<sup>79</sup>]], [[Uncial 0102|0102]], [[Uncial 0108|0108]], [[Uncial 0111|0111]], [[Uncial 0204|0204]], [[Uncial 0275|0275]] || [[Papyrus 59|饾敁<sup>59</sup>]], [[Papyrus 68|饾敁<sup>68</sup>]], [[Uncial 096|096]], [[Uncial 097|097]], [[Uncial 099|099]], [[Uncial 0106|0106]], [[Uncial 0107|0107]], [[Uncial 0109|0109]], [[Uncial 0145|0145]], [[Uncial 0167|0167]], [[Uncial 0183|0183]], [[Uncial 0200|0200]], [[Uncial 0209|0209]], [[Uncial 0210|0210]], [[Uncial 0239|0239]], [[Uncial 0259|0259]], [[Uncial 0262|0262]] || || [[Papyrus 73|饾敁<sup>73</sup>]], [[Uncial 0103|0103]], [[Uncial 0104|0104]], [[Uncial 0211|0211]] |- ! 700 | || [[Papyrus 42|饾敁<sup>42</sup>]], [[Papyrus 61|饾敁<sup>61</sup>]], || [[Papyrus 60|饾敁<sup>60</sup>]] || || |- !750 | || [[Codex Regius|019]], [[Uncial 0101|0101]], [[Uncial 0114|0114]], [[Uncial 0156|0156]], [[Uncial 0205|0205]], [[Uncial 0234|0234]] || [[Papyrus 41|饾敁<sup>41</sup>]], [[Uncial 095|095]], [[Uncial 0126|0126]], [[Uncial 0127|0127]], [[Uncial 0146|0146]], [[Uncial 0148|0148]], [[Uncial 0161|0161]], [[Uncial 0229|0229]], [[Uncial 0233|0233]], [[Uncial 0238|0238]], [[Uncial 0250|0250]], [[Uncial 0256|0256]] || || [[Codex Basilensis|07]], [[Uncial 047|047]], [[Uncial 054|054]]?, [[Uncial 0116|0116]], [[Uncial 0134|0134]] |- !800 | || [[Codex Athous Lavrentis|044]] (Catholic epistles) || [[Codex Athous Lavrentis|044]] (except Catholic epistles) || || |- !850 | [[Minuscule 33|33]] (except Gospels) || [[Codex Augiensis|010]], [[Codex Koridethi|038]], [[Uncial 0155|0155]], [[Uncial 0271|0271]], [[Minuscule 33|33]] (Gospels), [[Minuscule 892|892]], [[Minuscule 2464|2464]] || [[Codex Boernerianus|012]], [[Codex Porphyrianus|025]] (except Acts, Rev), [[Codex Sangallensis|037]], [[Uncial 050|050]], [[Uncial 0122|0122]], [[Uncial 0128|0128]], [[Uncial 0130|0130]], [[Uncial 0131|0131]], [[Uncial 0132|0132]], [[Uncial 0150|0150]], [[Uncial 0269|0269]], [[Minuscule 565|565]] || || [[Codex Boreelianus|09]], [[Codex Seidelianus I| 011]], [[Codex Seidelianus II|013]], [[Codex Mutinensis|014]], [[Codex Cyprius|017]], [[Codex Mosquensis I|018]], [[Codex Angelicus|020]], [[Codex Campianus|021]], [[Codex Porphyrianus|025]] (Acts, Rev), [[Codex Nanianus|030]], [[Codex Mosquensis II|031]], [[Codex Macedoniensis|034]], [[Codex Tischendorfianus III|039]], [[Codex Petropolitanus (New Testament)|041]], [[Codex Athous Dionysiou|045]], [[Uncial 049|049]], [[Uncial 053|053]]?, [[Uncial 063|063]], [[Uncial 0120|0120]], [[Uncial 0133|0133]], [[Uncial 0135|0135]], [[Uncial 0136|0136]]?, [[Uncial 0151|0151]], [[Uncial 0197|0197]], [[Uncial 0248|0248]], [[Uncial 0255|0255]], [[Uncial 0257|0257]], [[Uncial 0272|0272]], [[Uncial 0273|0273]]?, [[Uspenski Gospels|461]] |- !900 | || 1841 || [[Uncial 0115|0115]], [[Minuscule 1424|1424]] (Mark) || || [[Minuscule 1424|1424]] (except Mark), 1841 |- !950 | [[Minuscule 1739|1739]] || [[Uncial 0177|0177]], [[Uncial 0243|0243]]?, [[Minuscule 1739|1739]], 1891, 2329 || [[Uncial 051|051]], [[Uncial 075|075]], [[Uncial 0105|0105]], [[Uncial 0121a|0121a]], [[Uncial 0121b|0121b]], [[Uncial 0140|0140]], [[Uncial 0141|0141]], [[Uncial 0249|0249]], [[Minuscule 307|307]], 1582, 1836, 1845, 1874, 1875, 1912, 2110, 2193, 2351 || || [[Codex Vaticanus 354|028]], [[Codex Monacensis|033]], [[Codex Tischendorfianus IV|036]], [[Codex Vaticanus 2066|046]], [[Uncial 052|052]], [[Uncial 056|056]], [[Uncial 0142|0142]], 1874, 1891 |- !1050 | 1175, 1243, [[Minuscule 2344|2344]] || [[Minuscule 81|81]], [[Minuscule 323|323]], 945, 1006, 1854, 1962, 2298 || [[Minuscule 28|28]], [[Minuscule 104|104]], [[Minuscule 181|181]], [[Minuscule 323|323]], [[Minuscule 398|398]], [[Minuscule 424|424]], [[Minuscule 431|431]], [[Minuscule 436|436]], [[Minuscule 451|451]], [[Minuscule 459|459]], 623, [[Minuscule 700|700]], 788, 1243, 1448, 1505, 1838, 1846, 1908, 2138, 2147, 2298, 2344, 2596? || || [[Minuscule 103|103]], [[Minuscule 104|104]], [[Minuscule 181|181]], [[Minuscule 398|398]], [[Minuscule 431|431]], [[Minuscule 451|451]], [[Minuscule 459|459]], 945, 1006, 1448, 1505, 1846, 1854, 2138, 2147, 2298 |- !1100 | || [[Minuscule 256|256]], 1735 || 1735, 1910 || || [[Minuscule 256|256]] |- !1150 | [[Minuscule 1241|1241]] || [[Minuscule 36|36]], 610, 1611, 2050, 2127 || [[Minuscule 1|1]] (Gospels), [[Minuscule 36|36]], [[Minuscule 88|88]], [[Minuscule 94|94]]?, [[Minuscule 157|157]], [[Minuscule 326|326]], [[Minuscule 330|330]], [[Minuscule 346|346]], [[Minuscule 378|378]], 543, 826, 828, 917, 983, 1071, 1241, 1319, 1359, 1542b, 1611, 1718, 1942, 2030, 2412, 2541, 2744 || || [[Minuscule 1|1]] (except Gospels), [[Minuscule 180|180]], [[Minuscule 189|189]], [[Minuscule 330|330]], [[Minuscule 378|378]], 610, 911, 917, 1010, 1241, 1319, 1359, 1542b?, 2127, 2541 |- !1200 | || || 1573 || || 1573 |- !1250 | [[Minuscule 2053|2053]], [[Minuscule 2062|2062]] || [[Minuscule 442|442]], [[Minuscule 579|579]], 1292, 1852 || [[Minuscule 6|6]] (CE, Paul), [[Minuscule 13|13]], [[Minuscule 94|94]], [[Minuscule 180|180]], [[Minuscule 206|206]], [[Minuscule 218|218]] (epistles), [[Minuscule 263|263]], [[Minuscule 365|365]], [[Minuscule 441|441]], 614, 720, 915, 1398, 1563, 1641, 1852, 2374, 2492, 2516, 2542, 2718? || || [[Minuscule 6|6]] (Gospels, Acts), [[Minuscule 94|94]]?, [[Minuscule 180|180]], [[Minuscule 206|206]], [[Minuscule 218|218]] (except epistles), [[Minuscule 263|263]], [[Minuscule 365|365]], 597, 720, 1251?, 1292, 1398, 1642, 1852, 2374, 2400, 2492?, 2516 |- !1300 | || || 1342 || || |- !1350 | [[Minuscule 2427|2427]] || 1067, 1409, 1506, 1881 || [[Minuscule 5|5]], [[Minuscule 209|209]], [[Minuscule 254|254]], [[Minuscule 429|429]] (Paul), 453, 621, 629, 630, 1523, 1534, 1678?, 1842, 1877, 2005, 2197, 2200, 2377 || || [[Minuscule 5|5]]?, [[Minuscule 189|189]], [[Minuscule 209|209]], [[Minuscule 254|254]], [[Minuscule 429|429]] (Paul), 1067, 1409, 1506, 1523, 1524, 1877, 2200 |- !1400 | || || 2495 || || |- !1450 | || [[Minuscule 322|322]] || [[Minuscule 69|69]], [[Minuscule 205|205]], [[Minuscule 322|322]], 467, 642, 1751, 1844, 1959, 2523, 2652 || || [[Minuscule 69|69]], [[Minuscule 181|181]], [[Minuscule 205|205]], 429 (Rev.), 467, 642, 886, 2523, 2623, 2652? |- !1500 | || || [[Minuscule 61|61]] (epistles, Rev), 522, 918, 1704, 1884 || || [[Minuscule 61|61]] (Gospels, Acts), 522, 918, 1704 |- !1550- | || || 849, 2544 (Paul) || || 2544 (except Paul) |} == Number of manuscripts by century and category == {| class="wikitable" ! Century !! Category I !! Category II !! Category III !! Category IV !! Category V |- | II || 3 || || || || |- | II/III || 6 || || || || |- | III || 25 || || 1 || 2 || |- | III/IV || 8 || || || 2 || |- | IV || 5 || 8 || 10 || || |- | IV/V || 1 || 7 || 7 || || |- | V || 2 || 16 || 19 || 1 || 2 |- | V/VI || || 6 || 6 || || |- | VI || || 15 || 31 || || 12 |- | VI/VII || 1 || 4 || 3 || || |- | VII || 2 || 8 || 17 || || 4 |- | VII/VIII || || 2 || 1 || || |- | VIII || || 6 || 12 || || 5 |- | VIII/IX || || 1 || 1 || || |- | IX || 3 || 7 || 12 || || 5 |- | IX/X || || 1 || 2 || || 2 |- | X || 1 || 5 || 18 || || 10 |- | XI || 3 || 7 || 24 || || 16 |- | XI/XII || || 2 || 2 || || 1 |- | XII || 1 || 5 || 24 || || 16 |- | XII/XIII || || || 1 || || 1 |- | XIII || 2 || 4 || 21 || || 18 |- | XIII/XIV || || || 1 || || |- | XIV || 1 || 4 || 17 || || 12 |- | XIV/XV || || || 1 || || |- | XV || || 1 || 11 || || 9 |- | XVI || || || 5 || || 4 |- | XVI/XVII || || || 2 || || 1 |- |} == Limitations == This system of classification prefers the Alexandrian text-type. Manuscripts that represent the Western text-type are classified as Category IV in Gospels, and Category II/III in the Pauline Letters. This is significant because some scholars believe that some or all of the Minuscule text or the Western texts are closer to the original texts. Some manuscripts are not classified. [[Uncial 055]] is not because it is a commentary, and according to some authorities, written in a minuscule hand. [[Papyrus 7|饾敁<sup>7</sup>]], [[Papyrus 89|饾敁<sup>89</sup>]], [[Papyrus 121|饾敁<sup>121</sup>]], [[Uncial 080]], [[Uncial 0100]], [[Uncial 0118]], [[Uncial 0174|0174]], [[Uncial 0230|0230]], [[Uncial 0263|0263]], [[Uncial 0264|0264]], [[Uncial 0267|0267]], [[Uncial 0268|0268]] are too brief to classify. [[Uncial 0144]] and [[Uncial 0196|0196]] are not accessible. [[Papyrus 25|饾敁<sup>25</sup>]] is not classified because of the [[Diatessaron|Diatessaric]] character of text. == See also == * [[List of New Testament papyri]] * [[List of New Testament uncials]] * [[List of New Testament minuscules]] * [[List of New Testament lectionaries]] * [[Textual variants in the New Testament]] == Notes == ==References== *[[Kurt Aland|Aland, Kurt]] and Aland, Barbara. ''The text of the New Testament: an introduction to the critical editions and to the theory and practice of modern textual criticism''. Second revised edition. Translated by Erroll F Rhodes. Grand Rapids, Michigan: [[Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.|William B Eerdmans Publishing Company]], 1995. ISBN 0802840981. *[[David Ewert|Ewert, David]]. ''From Ancient Tablets to Modern Translations: A General Introduction to the Bible''. Grand Rapids, Michigan: The Zondervan Corporation, 1983. ISBN 0310457300 ==External links== *[http://www.skypoint.com/members/waltzmn/MSCategories.html Manuscript Categories] [[Category:New Testament text-types|*]] [[Category:Bible versions and translations]] [[Category:Greek New Testament manuscripts]] {{Donate}}
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