Editing Codex Sangallensis 48

[[Image:Codex_Sangallensis_48_318.jpg|300px|thumb|right|[[John 1]] in Codex Sangallensis]]

'''Codex Sangallensis''', designated by '''Δ''' or '''037''' (in the [[Biblical manuscript#Gregory-Aland|Gregory-Aland]] numbering), ε 76 ([[Biblical manuscript#Von Soden|von Soden]]), is a diglot [[Greek language|Greek]]-[[Latin language|Latin]] [[uncial]] [[manuscript]] of the four [[Gospel]]s. Usually it is dated [[Palaeography|palaeographically]] to the 9th, only according to the opinions of few palaeographers to the 10th century.<sup>[1]</sup> It was named by [[Johann Martin Augustin Scholz|Scholz]] in 1830.<sup>[2]</sup>

== Description ==

The codex contains 198 parchment leaves (actual size 23 cm by 18.5 cm). The text is written in one column per page, and 17-28 lines per page,<sup>[]</sup> in large [[Uncial script#Half-uncial|semi-uncial]] letters.<sup>[3]</sup>

The codex contains almost the complete text of the four Gospels with only one [[Lacuna (manuscripts)|lacunae]] in [[John 19|John 19:17-35]]. The Latin text is written above the Greek (as [[Codex Boernerianus]]) and in the [[Lower case|minuscule]] letters. It is decorated, but decorations were made by inartistic hand.<sup>[4]</sup> The manuscript from which Sangallensis was copied was written stichometrically.

The text is divided according to [[Ammonian Sections]], whose numbers are given at the margin, with references to the [[Eusebian Canons]] in Roman letters (written below Ammonian Section numbers). There are also τιτλοι (''titles of chapters''), given at the top of the pages.<sup>[3]</sup>

It contains prolegomena, the [[Letter of Jerome to Pope Damasus|Epistle of Jerome to Pope Damasus I]], the Eusebian Tables, tables of κεφαλαια (''tables of contents'') both in Greek and Latin.<sup>[3]</sup><sup>[5]</sup> 

The texts of [[Mark 7:16]] and [[Mark 11:26]] are omitted. The [[Jesus and the woman taken in adultery| Pericope Adulterae]] ([[John 7:53]]-[[John 8:11|8:11]]) is omitted, but blanked space was left (for the pericope).

== Text ==

The Greek text of the [[Gospel of Mark]] is a representative of the late [[Alexandrian text-type]] (similar to [[Codex Regius (New Testament)|Codex L]]),<sup>[4]</sup> and in rest of the gospels the [[Byzantine text-type]] (as in [[Codex Athous Lavrensis]]). [[Kurt Aland|Aland]] placed it in [[Categories of New Testament manuscripts#Category III|Category III]].<sup>[1]</sup> 

; Textual variants
: In [[Matthew 27:35]] it has additional phrase τα ιματια μου εαυτοις, και επι τον ιματισμον μου εβαλον κληρον together with codices: [[Codex Koridethi|Θ]], [[Codex Climaci Rescriptus|0250]], [[Family 1|''f''<sup>1</sup>]], [[Family 13|''f''<sup>13</sup>]], [[Minuscule 537|537]], [[Minuscule 1424|1424]].

: In [[Matthew 1:12]] it reads Ζορομβαβαβελ for Ζοροβαβελ.<sup>[6]</sup>

: In [[Mark 4:19]] it has unique variant η αγαπη του πλουτου (''the love of wealth''), other manuscripts have η απατη του πλουτου, απαται του πλουτου or απαται του κοσμου.<sup>[7]</sup>

: In Mark 9:49 it reads πας γαρ πυρι αλισθησεται – as manuscripts (א εν πυρι) [[Codex Vaticanus|B]] [[Codex Regius (New Testament)|L]] [[Codex Washingtonianus|W]] [[Family 1|''f''<sup>1</sup>]] [[Family 13|''f''<sup>13</sup>]] [[Minuscule 28|28]] [[Minuscule 565|565]] [[Minuscule 700|700]] [[Lectionary 260|'''ℓ''' ''260'']] syr<sup>s</sup> cop<sup>sa</sup>.

: In [[John 1:15]] ο οπισω ] ο πισω, the reading is supported by [[Papyrus 66|p<sup>66</sup>]] and 1646;<sup>[8]</sup>

== Latin text ==
The Latin version seems a mixture of the Vulgate with Old Latin Itala, and altered and accommodated to the Greek as to be of little critical value.

The interlinear [[Latin]] text of the codex is remarkable for its alternative readings in almost every verse, e.g. ''uxorem vel coniugem'' for την γυναικα in [[Matthew 1:20]].<sup>[9]</sup>

== History ==

The codex was written in the West, possibly in the [[Abbey library of Saint Gall|St. Gallen monastery]], by Irish monk in the 9th century.<sup>[10]</sup> It can not be dated earlier, because it has a references to the (heretical) opinions of Godeschalk at [[Luke 13:24]], [[John 12:40]].

Siglum Δ was given by Scholz.<sup>[11]</sup>

It was examined by Gerbert (1773), [[Johann Martin Augustin Scholz|Scholz]], Rettig, [[J. Rendel Harris]], [[Oscar von Gebhardt]]. Rettig thought that Codex Sangallensis is a part of the same manuscript as the [[Codex Boernerianus]].

The text of the codex was edited by H. C. M. Rettig in [[1836 AD|1836]], but with some mistakes (e.g. in [[Luke 21:32]] οφθαλμους instead of αδελφους).<sup>[4]</sup> There are references are made to the opinions of Godeschalk († 866) in [[Luke 13:24]]; [[John 12:40]] and to Hand Aragon (†  941).<sup>[10]</sup> The Latin text in a major part represents the [[Vulgata]].<sup>[10]</sup>

The codex is located, in the [[Abbey library of St. Gallen]] (48) at [[St. Gallen]].<sup>[1]</sup><sup>[12]</sup>

== Gallery ==
[[image:Codex Sangallensis 48 005.jpg|100px|The epistle of [[Jerome]] to [[Pope Damasus I]]]]

[[image:Codex Sangallensis 48 316.jpg|100px|Tables of κεφαλαια for John]]

[[image:Codex Sangallensis 48 348.jpg|100px|It lacks John 7:53-8:11]]

== See also ==

* [[List of New Testament Latin manuscripts]]
* [[List of New Testament uncials]]
* [[Textual criticism]]

== References ==
* 1. Aland, Kurt; Aland, Barbara (1995). The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism. Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.). Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-8028-4098-1.
* 2. Scrivener, Frederick Henry Ambrose; Edward Miller (1894). A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament. 1 (4 ed.). London: George Bell & Sons. p. 156.
* 3. Gregory, Caspar René (1900). Textkritik des Neuen Testaments. 1. Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung. p. 86.
* 4. Bruce M. Metzger, Bart D. Ehrman, The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration, Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford 2005, pp. 82.
* 5. Scrivener, Frederick Henry Ambrose; Edward Miller (1894). A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament. 1 (4 ed.). London: George Bell & Sons. p. 157.
* 6. Editio Octava Critica Maior, p. 3
* 7. NA26, p. 100.
* 8. UBS3, p. 321
* 9. F. H. A. Scrivener, A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament, (George Bell & Sons: London, 1894), vol. 2, p. 51.
* 10. C. R. Gregory, "Textkritik des Neuen Testaments", Leipzig 1900, vol. 1, p. 87.
* 11. H. C. M. Rettig, Ueber einen tausendjährigen noch nie verglichenen griechischen Evangeliencodex mit lateinischer Interlinearversion, Theologische Studien und Kritiken (1836), pp. 465-469.
* 12. "Liste Handschriften". Münster: Institute for New Testament Textual Research. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
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