Editing Papyrus 98

[[Image:Papyrus_98_(Rev_1,13-2.1).jpg|thumb|right|Apocalypse 1:13-2:1 in [[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]]<sup>98</sup>]]
'''Papyrus 98''' (in the [[Biblical manuscript#Gregory-Aland|Gregory-Aland]] numbering), designated by [[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]]<sup>98</sup>, is an early copy of the [[New Testament]] in [[Greek language|Greek]]. It is a [[papyrus]] [[manuscript]] of the [[Book of Revelation]]. The manuscript [[Palaeography|palaeographically]] had been assigned to years "100–200 (?)".<sup>[1]</sup><sup>[2]</sup>

== Description ==

The surviving text of Revelation includes verses 1:13–2:1 in a fragmentary condition. The script is well-formed and large.<sup>[2]</sup> It was formed in a scroll. The biblical text is on the side verso. On the recto is another documentary text dated to the end of the 1st century or the beginning of the 2nd century.<sup>[2]</sup> Side verso of the scroll was used for the biblical text at the end of the 2nd century.

It has an error of [[dittography]] in the first line – περι̣εζωσμμ̣εν̣ον instead of περιεζωσμενον.<sup>[2]</sup>

== Text ==
It is still not placed in any of [[Kurt Aland|Aland]]'s [[Categories of New Testament manuscripts]]. "The text shows several differences from that printed in [[NA27|Nestle-Aland 27th]]".<sup>[2]</sup>

[Recto]
: περ]ι̣εζωσμμ̣εν̣[ον προς τοις μαστοις ζωνην
: χρυ]σεν <sup>[1:14]</sup> και η κ̣ε[φαλη αυτου και αι τριχες λευκαι
: ως] εριον λευκον [ως χιων και οι οφθαλμοι αυτου ως
: φλ]οξ πυρος <sup>[1:15]</sup> και [οι ποδες αυτου ομοιοι χαλκολιβανω
: ως] εν καμινω πε[πυρωμενης και η φωνη αυτου ως
: φωνη υδατων π̣[ολλων <sup>[1:16]</sup> και εχων εν τη δεξια χειρι
: αυτου αστερες [ζ̅ και εκ του στοματος αυτου ρομ
: φαια διστομος ο[ξεια εκπορευομενη και η οψις αυ
: το̣υ ως ο η̣λ̣ιος φ[αινει εν τη δυναμει αυτου <sup>[1:17]</sup> και οτε ει
: δ̣ο̣ν̣ αυτον ε[π]εσα [προς τους ποδας αυτου ως νεκρος
: και εθηκε̣ τ̣η̣ν̣ [δεξιαν αυτου επ εμε λεγων
: μη φοβ̣[ο]υ̣ ε̣γ̣ω̣ [ειμι ο πρωτος και ο εσχατος <sup>[1:18]</sup> και εγε
: νομεν̣ ν̣εκ̣ρ̣ο̣[ς και ιδου ζων ειμι εις τους αιωνας
: τ̣ω̣ν̣ α̣ι̣ω̣ν̣ω̣ν̣ [και εχω τας κλεις του θανατου και
: του α̣δ̣ο̣υ̣ <sup>[1:19]</sup> γ̣ρ̣α̣ψ̣ο̣ν̣ [ουν α ειδες και α εισιν και α μελλει
: γε̣ν̣ε̣[σ]θ̣α̣ι̣ [μετα ταυτα <sup>[1:20]</sup> το μυστηριον των ζ̅
: α̣στερ̣ω̣ν̣ [ους ειδες επι της δεξιας μου και τας
: ζ̅ λυχνει[α]ς [τας χρυσας οι ζ̅ αστερες αγγελοι των
: ζ̅ εκκλησ̣ι̣ω̣ν̣ ε̣ι[σιν και αι λυχνιαι αι ζ̅ ζ̅ εκκλεσιαι
: εισ]ι̣[ν <sup>[2:1]</sup> τω αγγελω της εν εφεσω εκκλησιας γραψον ταδε λεγ
: ε̣ι̣ [ο κρατων τους ζ̅ αστερας εν τη δεξια αυτου ο<sup>[3]</sup>

In Rev 1:18 it lacks the phrase και ο ζων as Latin [[Codex Gigas]] and some manuscripts of [[Vulgate]]. It is the only Greek manuscript not containing this phrase.<sup>[4]</sup>

== History ==
Probably the manuscript was written in Egypt.

The first publisher was Wagner in 1971,<sup>[5]</sup> who did not know that it was a biblical text. Hagedorn discovered that it was the text of Rev. 1:13–2:1.<sup>[2]</sup>

; Present location 
The manuscript is currently housed at the [[Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale]] (P. IFAO inv. 237b [+a]) at [[Cairo]].<sup>[2]</sup><sup>[6]</sup>

== See also ==

* [[List of New Testament papyri]]

== References ==
* 1. Nestle-Aland date. http://evangelicaltextualcriticism.blogspot.com/2013/03/theological-palaeography-reassessment.html
* 2. Philip Comfort & David Barrett, The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts, Tyndale House 2001, p. 629.
* 3. Comfort, Philip W.; David P. Barrett (2001). The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts. Wheaton, Illinois: Tyndale House Publishers. pp. 629, 631. ISBN 978-0-8423-5265-9.
* 4. NA26, p. 634.
* 5. G. Wagner, Cette liste d'objects divers ne fait peut-etre pas partie d'une lettre, P. IFAO II (1971), 31.
* 6. "Liste Handschriften". Münster: Institute for New Testament Textual Research. Retrieved 27 August 2011.

== Further reading ==
* D. Hagedorn, ''P.IFAO II 31: Johannesapokalypse 1,13-20,'' Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 92 (1992), pp.&nbsp;243–247.
* 
* Peter Malik, [https://www.academia.edu/13166007/Another_Look_at_P.IFAO_II_31_P98_An_Updated_Transcription_and_Textual_Analysis ''Another Look at P.IFAO II 31 (𝔓98): An Updated Transcription and Textual Analysis''] "Novum Testamentum" 58 (2016), p. 204–217.

== Image ==
* [http://csntm.org/Manuscript/View/GA_P98 Image of [[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]]<sup>98</sup>]

{{New Testament papyri}}

{{Donate}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Papyrus 0098}}
[[Category:New Testament papyri]]
[[Category:2nd-century biblical manuscripts]]
[[Category:Early Greek manuscripts of the New Testament]]
[[Category:Book of Revelation papyri]]