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<center><H1></H1></center>
[[Image:Textus receptus1.JPG|centre]]
<center><H1>What is the Textus Receptus?</H1></center>
[[Image:paypal.jpg|center|150px|thumb|[http://textus-receptus.com/donate.html {{Please click here to donate to Textus Receptus. All money donated will go to pay staff to add information to the page and server costs}}]]]  
[[Textus Receptus]] ([[Latin]]: "[[Received Text|received text]]") is the name retroactively given to the succession of printed [[Greek language]] texts of the [[New Testament]] which constituted the textual base for the original [[German]] [[Luther Bible]], for the translation of the [[New Testament]] into [[English]] by [[William Tyndale]] ([[1526 AD|1526]]), [[Myles Coverdale]]'s [[Coverdale Bible|Bible]] ([[1535 AD|1535]]), [[Matthew's Bible]] ([[1537 AD|1537]]), [[The Great Bible]] ([[1539 AD|1539]]), [[The Geneva Bible]] ([[1557 AD|1557]] - [[1560 AD|60]]), The [[Bishops' Bible]] ([[1568 AD|1568]]), and the [[King James Version]] ([[1611 AD|1611]]), and for most other [[Reformation]]-era [[New Testament]] translations throughout Western and Central Europe. The [[Textus Receptus]] has been translated into hundreds of languages. ''(See Also [[Article: The Word of God for All Nations by Phil Stringer|The Word of God for All Nations]])'' The origin of the term "[[Textus Receptus]]" comes from the publisher's preface to the [[1633 AD|1633]] edition produced by [[Abraham Elzevir]] and his nephew [[Bonaventure Elzevir|Bonaventure]] who were printers at Leiden: 

::''Textum ergo habes, nunc ab omnibus receptum: in quo nihil immutatum aut corruptum damus.'' Translated ''"so you hold the text, now received by all, in which nothing corrupt."'' 

The two words, "''textum''" and "''receptum''", were modified from the accusative to the nominative case to render [[Textus Receptus|textus receptus]]. Over time, this term has been retroactively applied to [[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]]' editions, as his work served as the basis of others that followed. Many supporters of the [[Textus Receptus]] will name any manuscript which agrees with the [[Textus Receptus]] [[Greek language|Greek]] as a "[[Textus Receptus]]" type manuscript. This type of association can also apply to early church quotations and language versions.

'''A Rich and Full History'''
[[Image:1633 Textus Receptus quote.JPG|200px|thumb|right|''textum ergo habes, nunc ab omnibus receptum, in quo nihil immutatum aut corruptum damus'' - from the [[1633 AD|1633]] Greek New Testament produced by [[Abraham Elzevir]] and his nephew [[Bonaventure Elzevir|Bonaventure]] who were printers at Leiden]]
[[Textus Receptus]] type manuscripts and versions have existed as the majority of texts for almost 2000 years. 

* All of the [[Apostolic Churches]] used the [[Textus Receptus]]
* [[Peshitta#Syriac_New_Testament|Peshitta]] ([[150 AD|150 A.D.]]) was based on the [[Textus Receptus]]
* [[Papyrus 66]] used the [[Textus Receptus]]
* The [[Italic Church in the Northern Italy]] ([[157 AD|157 A.D.]]) used the [[Textus Receptus]]
* The [[Gallic Church of Southern France]] ([[177 AD|177 A.D.]]) used the [[Textus Receptus]]
* The [[Celtic Church]] used the [[Textus Receptus]]
* The [[Waldensians]] used the [[Textus Receptus]]
* The [[Gothic Version]] of the 4th or 5th century used the [[Textus Receptus]]
* [[Curetonian Syriac]] is basically the [[Textus Receptus]]
* [[Vetus Itala]] is from [[Textus Receptus]]
* [[Codex Washingtonianus]] of Matthew used the [[Textus Receptus]]
* [[Codex Alexandrinus]] in the Gospels used the [[Textus Receptus]]
* The vast majority of extant [[New Testament]] manuscripts all used the [[Textus Receptus]] (99% of them)
* The [[Greek Orthodox Church]] used the [[Textus Receptus]].

Greek manuscript evidences point to a Byzantine/[[Textus Receptus]] majority.

* 85% of papyri used [[Textus Receptus]], only 13 represent text of Westcott-Hort
* 97% of uncial manuscripts used [[Textus Receptus]], only 9 manuscripts used text of WH
* 99% of minuscule manuscripts used [[Textus Receptus]], only 23 used text WH
* 100% of lectionaries used [[Textus Receptus]].

'''The Age of Printing'''

[[Image:Holbein-erasmus.jpg|150px|thumb|left|[[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]] did not "invent" the [[Textus Receptus]], but merely printed a small collection of what was already the vast majority of [[New Testament]] Manuscripts in the Byzantine tradition. The first printed [[Greek]] [[New Testament]] was the [[Complutensian Polyglot Bible|Complutensian Polyglot]] in ([[1514 AD|1514]]), but it was not published until eight years later, [[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]]' was the second Greek [[New Testament]] printed and published in ([[1516 AD|1516]]).]]

Although six chapters of the [[Gospel of John]] were printed at Venice as early as [[1504 AD|1504]], by [[Aldus Manutius]], and the whole of that gospel was printed at Tubingen in Suabia, in [[1512 AD|1512]], these editions are interesting only as literary curiosities, for though they constituted the first portion of the Greek Testament ever committed to the press, they exercised no influence whatever on succeeding editions.

The first printed [[Greek]] [[New Testament]] was the [[Complutensian Polyglot Bible|Complutensian Polyglot]] ([[1514 AD|1514]]) but was not published until eight years later. [[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]]' edition was the second [[Greek language|Greek]] [[New Testament]] which he called the [[Novum Instrumentum omne]], printed and published in ([[1516 AD|1516]]). As early as [[1505 AD|1505]], [[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]] wrote to a friend; 

::“''I shall sit down to Holy Scripture with my whole heart, and devote the rest of my life to it...[A]ll these three years I have been working entirely at Greek, and have not been playing with it''” (Froude, The Life and Letters, p. 87). 

[[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]] began working directly on the text much before [[1507 AD|1507]]. Froude wrote that years before the text appeared, it was being prepared. 

::“''He had been at work over the Greek MSS. for many years. The work was approaching completion''” (Froude, The Life and Letters, p. 93). 

[[Frederick Nolan]], writing in [[1815 AD|1815]], states, in addition to the manuscripts which [[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]] owned or had seen himself, he gathered readings from various European nations through his broad friendships in universities, libraries, and monasteries. He noted; 

::“''I have a room full of letters from men of learning...” “[W]e find by the dates of his letters that he was corresponding at length and elaborately with the learned men of his time on technical points of scholarship, Biblical criticism...”'' (Froude, The Life and Letters, pp. 377, 394). 

In [[1512 AD|1512]] [[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]] had been in negotiation with [[Badius Ascensius]] of Paris to publish the [[Vulgate]] of [[Jerome]] and a new edition of [[Adagia]]. It did not happen, and [[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]] did not continue contacts with [[Badius Ascensius|Badius]]. While many critics of [[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]] and the [[Textus Receptus]] claim that [[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]] used only a small handful of manuscripts, this is not a correct hypothesis, because the libraries and scriptoriums throughout Europe would not simply give away manuscripts, therefore [[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]] travelled vastly to examine many manuscripts and wrote down variants, and thus had no need to personally acquire the manuscripts or have them on hand when he penned the [[Novum Instrumentum omne]].  
[[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]] updated his [[1516 AD|1516]] "[[Textus Receptus]]" in [[1519 AD|1519]], and again in [[1522 AD|1522]], [[1527 AD|1527]] and his final edition in [[1535 AD|1535]]. [[Robert Estienne|Stephanus]] also edited the [[Textus Receptus]] in [[1546 AD|1546]], [[1549 AD|1549]], [[1550 AD|1550]] ([[Editio Regia]]), and [[1551 AD|1551]]. [[Theodore Beza]] edited the [[Textus Receptus]] nine times between [[1565 AD|1565]] and [[1604 AD|1604]]. The [[Authorized King James Version|Authorized Version]] translators used the [[1598 AD|1598]] of [[Theodore Beza|Beza]], a disciple of [[John Calvin]], who both had access to Waldensian versions and manuscripts. This "family" of texts is also known as the ''Antiochian Text'', ''Byzantine Text'', ''Syrian Text'', ''Greek Vulgate'', and (until the 1980's) the ''Majority Text''.

The [[Textus Receptus]] edited by [[Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener]], and first published in [[1881 AD|1881]], was based upon the [[1598 AD|1598]] of Beza, but departs in 191 places (see [[191 Variations in Scrivener’s 1881 Greek New Testament from Beza's 1598 Textus Receptus]]), following at times, earlier readings of [[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]] and [[Robert Estienne|Stephanus]], and sometimes following the printing errors of the original [[1611 AD|1611]] [[Authorized Version]]. The title on the cover for the [[Textus Receptus]] printed by the [[Trinitarian Bible Society]] is Η ΚΑΙΝΗ ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ which is [[Greek]] for ''The [[New Testament]]'' or ''The New Covenant''. We uphold and support the [[1598 AD|1598]] [[Greek]] [[Textus Receptus]] of [[Theodore Beza|Beza]] and the [[1525 AD|1525]] [[Hebrew]] [[Masoretic Text]] of [[Jacob ben Hayyim ibn Adonijah]], as being the correct [[Greek]] and [[Hebrew]] texts to translate from. Our belief is that the [[King James Version]] is a faithful translation of these texts and is without translational error. Any translation faithful to this text is THE word of God by default. We do not believe that the [[King James Version]] has any secondary inspiration. Our hope is to have the "[[Textus Receptus|TR]]" translated into every language, and to help revive a trust once again in the true words of God. This site also exposes corrupt [[Greek]] and [[Hebrew]] texts and versions based upon them. 
[[Image:Beza 1597.jpg|thumb|left|150px|[[Theodore Beza]]]]

The [[1525 AD|1525]] [[Hebrew]] [[Masoretic Text]] of [[Jacob ben Hayyim ibn Adonijah]], published by [[Daniel Bomberg]], is considered to be the [[Old Testament]] [[Textus Receptus]] but departs in a few places (see [[Variations in 1525 Hebrew Masoretic Text from the accepted modern Hebrew Masoretic Text]]). It is the text received by the Hebrews as the word of God. While most use the term Textus Receptus in a New Testament sense, this also applies to the text received by the traditionalists, the Masoretics, and their text handed down. The [[Masoretic Text]] is widely used as the basis for translations of the [[Old Testament]] in Protestant Bibles. Discoveries in modern times such as the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]] have revealed the [[Masoretic Text|MT]] to be nearly identical to some texts of the Tanakh dating from [[200 BC]].

[[Herman C. Hoskier]] said in the late 1800's:

:Three and a half years ago I was in [[Dean Burgon]]'s study at Chichester. It was midnight, dark and cold without; he had just extinguished the lights, and it was dark, and getting cold within. We mounted the stairs to retire to rest, and his last words of that night have often rung in my ears since :

:''"As surely as it is dark now, and as certainly as the sun will rise to-morrow morning, so surely will the [[Textus Receptus|traditional text]] be vindicated and the views I have striven to express be accepted. I may not live to see it. Most likely I shall not. But it will come."''


God promised to preserve His words:

* [[Isaiah 40:8]] "The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: but the word of our God shall stand for ever."

* [[Psalm 12|Psalm 12:6-7]] "The words of the LORD are pure words: as silver tried in a furnace of earth, purified seven times. Thou shalt keep them, O LORD, thou shalt preserve them from this generation for ever."

* [[Psalm 138:2]] "I will worship toward thy holy temple, and praise thy name for thy lovingkindness and for thy Truth: for thou hast magnified thy word above all thy name."

* [[Psalm 100:5]] "For the LORD is good; his mercy is everlasting; and his truth endureth to all generations."

* [[Psalm 33:11]] "The counsel of the LORD standeth for ever, the thoughts of his heart to all generations."

* [[Psalm 119:152]] [[Psalm 119:160|160]] "Concerning thy testimonies, I have known of old that thou hast founded them for ever. ... Thy word is true from the beginning: and every one of thy righteous judgments endureth for ever.

* [[Isaiah 59:21]]: "... My Spirit that is upon thee [Isaiah], and my words which I have put in thy mouth, shall not depart out of thy mouth, nor out of the mouth of thy seed, nor out of the mouth of thy seed's seed, saith the LORD, from henceforth and for ever."

* [[Matthew 5|Matthew 5:17-18]]: "Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil. For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled."

* [[Matthew 24:35]]: "Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words shall not pass away."

* [[1 Peter 1|1 Peter 1:23-25]]: "Being born again, not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, by the word of God, which liveth and abideth for ever. For all flesh is as grass, and all the glory of man as the flower of grass. The grass withereth, and the flower thereof falleth away: But the word of the Lord endureth for ever. And this is the word which by the gospel is preached unto you."

* [[John 10:35]]: "... the Scripture cannot be broken."

{{Template:Books of the Old Testament}}
{{Template:Books of the New Testament}}
'''[[List of languages|Languages]]'''
<small>[[Abenaki Portal|Abenaki]] - [[Afrikaans Portal|Afrikaans]] - [[Akuapem Twi Portal|Akuapem Twi]] - [[Akei Portal|Akei]] - [[Albanian Portal|Albanian]] - [[Aleut Portal|Aleut]] - [[Alutiiq Portal|Alutiiq]] - [[Amharic Portal|Amharic]] - [[Aniwa Portal|Aniwa]] - [[Apache Portal|Apache]] - [[Arabic Portal|Arabic]] - [[Aramaic Portal|Aramaic]] - [[Armenian Portal|Armenian]] - [[Arapaho Portal|Arapaho]] - [[Azeri Portal|Azeri]] - [[Basque Portal|Basque]] - [[Bayak Portal|Bayak]] - [[Belorusian Portal|Belorusian]] - [[Braille Portal|Braille]] - [[Bulgarian Portal|Bulgarian]] - [[Burmese Portal|Burmese]] - [[Cakchiquel Portal|Cakchiquel]] - [[Carrier Portal|Carrier]] - [[Catalan Portal|Catalan]] - [[Cebuano Portal|Cebuano]] - [[Cherokee Portal|Cherokee]] - [[Chinese Portal|Chinese]] - [[Chope Portal|Chope]] - [[Cibemba Portal|Cibemba]] - [[Coptic Portal|Coptic]] - [[Cornish Portal|Cornish]] - [[Cree Portal|Cree]] - [[Croatian Portal|Croatian]] - [[Czech Portal|Czech]] - [[Dakota Portal|Dakota]] - [[Danish Portal|Danish]] - [[Dogrib Portal|Dogrib]] - [[Dutch Portal|Dutch]] - [[English Portal|English]] - [[Esperanto Portal|Esperanto]] - [[Finnish Portal|Finnish]] - [[French Portal|French]] - [[German Portal|German]] - [[Gothic Portal|Gothic]] - [[Greek Portal|Greek]] - [[Gullah Portal|Gullah]] - [[Gwich'in Portal|Gwich'in]] - [[Haida Portal|Haida]] - [[Haitian Portal|Haitian]] - [[Hawaiian Portal|Hawaiian]] - [[Hawaiian Creole English Portal|Hawaiian Creole English]] - [[Hebrew Portal|Hebrew]] - [[Hopi Portal|Hopi]] - [[Hungarian Portal|Hungarian]] - [[Icelandic Portal|Icelandic]] - [[Ilocano Portal|Ilocano]] - [[Indonesian Portal|Indonesian]] - [[Inupiaq Portal|Inupiaq]] - [[Irish Portal|Irish]] - [[Italian Portal|Italian]] - [[Japanese Portal|Japanese]] - [[Jèrriais Portal|Jèrriais]] - [[Kazakh Portal|Kazakh]] - [[Keres Portal|Keres]] - [[Khmer Portal|Khmer]] - [[Konkani Portal|Konkani]] - [[Korean Portal|Korean]] - [[Koryak Portal|Koryak]] - [[Koyukon Portal|Koyukon]] - [[Latin Portal|Latin]] - [[Lisu Portal|Lisu]] - [[Lithuanian Portal|Lithuanian]] - [[Macedonian Portal|Macedonian]] - [[Malayalam Portal|Malayalam]] - [[Manx Portal|Manx]] - [[Maori Portal|Maori]] - [[Micmac Portal|Micmac]] - [[Mohawk Portal|Mohawk]] - [[Navajo Portal|Navajo]] - [[Norwegian Portal|Norwegian]] - [[O'odham Portal|O'odham]] - [[Ojibwa Portal|Ojibwa]] - [[Oromo Portal|Oromo]] - [[Pashto Portal|Pashto]] - [[Piegan Piegan|Inupiaq]] - [[Persian Portal|Persian]] - [[Pidgin Portal|Pidgin]] - [[Pipil Portal|Pipil]] - [[Polish Portal|Polish]] - [[Portuguese  Portal|Portuguese]] - [[Romani Portal|Romani]] - [[Romanian Portal|Romanian]] - [[Russian Portal|Russian]] - [[Seneca Portal|Seneca]] - [[Serbian Portal|Serbian]] - [[Shor Portal|Shor]] - [[Slavonic Portal|Slavonic]] - [[Slovene Portal|Slovene]] - [[Spanish Portal|Spanish]] - [[Swahili Portal|Swahili]] - [[Swedish Portal|Swedish]] - [[Tagalog Portal|Tagalog]] - [[Upper Tanana Portal|Upper Tanana]] - [[Tatar Portal|Tatar]] - [[Tamil Portal|Tamil]] - [[Tewa Portal|Tewa]] - [[Thai Portal|Thai]] - [[Tibetan Portal|Tibetan]] - [[Tlingit Portal|Tlingit]] - [[Tongan Portal|Tongan]] - [[Tsimshian Portal|Tsimshian]] - [[Turkish Portal|Turkish]] - [[Urdu Portal|Urdu]] - [[Ukrainian Portal|Ukrainian]] - [[Uyghur Portal|Uyghur]] - [[Uzbek Portal|Uzbek]] - [[Vietnamese Portal|Vietnamese]] - [[Wakhi Portal|Wakhi]] - [[Welsh Portal|Welsh]] - [[Wampanoag Portal|Wampanoag]] - [[Waray Portal|Waray]] - [[Xhosa Portal|Xhosa]] - [[Yiddish Portal|Yiddish]] - [[Yoruba Portal|Yoruba]] - [[Yupik Portal|Yupik]] - [[Zulu Portal|Zulu]] - [[Zuñi Portal|Zuñi]]</small>