Bible translations - Revision history

Nick: /* Reformation and Early Modern period */

2017-08-19T18:27:22Z

Reformation and Early Modern period

←Older revision		Revision as of 18:27, 19 August 2017
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	===Reformation and Early Modern period===		===Reformation and Early Modern period===
-	~~{{seealso\|~~Early Modern English Bible translations}}	+	See also [[Early Modern English Bible translations]]

	In 1521, [[Martin Luther]] was placed under the Ban of the Empire, and he retired to the [[Wartburg Castle]]. During his time there, he translated the New Testament from Greek into German. It was printed in September 1522. The first complete Dutch Bible, partly based on the existing portions of Luther's translation, was printed in [[Antwerp]] in 1526 by [[Jacob van Liesvelt]].<sup>[]</sup>		In 1521, [[Martin Luther]] was placed under the Ban of the Empire, and he retired to the [[Wartburg Castle]]. During his time there, he translated the New Testament from Greek into German. It was printed in September 1522. The first complete Dutch Bible, partly based on the existing portions of Luther's translation, was printed in [[Antwerp]] in 1526 by [[Jacob van Liesvelt]].<sup>[]</sup>

Beza 1598 at 07:48, 8 March 2016

2016-03-08T07:48:22Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 07:48, 8 March 2016
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	*[http://www.worldscriptures.org worldscriptures.org] A database of all languages into which the Bible has been translated (up to 1998).		*[http://www.worldscriptures.org worldscriptures.org] A database of all languages into which the Bible has been translated (up to 1998).
	*[http://www.faithcomesbyhearing.com/ Faith Comes by Hearing - Audio Bible translations]- Bible translations and recordings available in 2,000 languages.		*[http://www.faithcomesbyhearing.com/ Faith Comes by Hearing - Audio Bible translations]- Bible translations and recordings available in 2,000 languages.
		+
		+	{{Donate}}

Nick at 13:22, 15 September 2011

2011-09-15T13:22:21Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 13:22, 15 September 2011
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-	'''[[Bible\|The Bible]]''' has been [[translation\|translated]] into [[Bible translations by language\|many languages]] from the [[biblical languages]] of [[Biblical Hebrew\|Hebrew]], [[Aramaic]] and [[Ancient Greek\|Greek]]. The very first translation of the [[Hebrew Bible]] into [[Greek language\|Greek]] was the [[Septuagint]] (LXX), which later became the accepted text of the [[Old Testament]] in the church and the basis of its [[Biblical canon\|canon]]. The Latin [[Vulgate]] by [[Jerome]] was based upon the Hebrew for those books of the Bible preserved in the Jewish canon (as reflected in the [[masoretic text]]), and on the Greek text for the [[deuterocanonical books]].	+	'''[[Bible\|The Bible]]''' has been [[translation\|translated]] into [[Bible translations by language\|many languages]] from the [[biblical languages]] of [[Biblical Hebrew\|Hebrew]], [[Aramaic]] and [[Ancient Greek\|Greek]]. The very first translation of the [[Hebrew Bible]] into [[Greek language\|Greek]] was the [[Septuagint]] ([[LXX]]), which later became the accepted text of the [[Old Testament]] in the church and the basis of its [[Biblical canon\|canon]]. The Latin [[Vulgate]] by [[Jerome]] was based upon the Hebrew for those books of the Bible preserved in the Jewish canon (as reflected in the [[masoretic text]]), and on the Greek text for the [[deuterocanonical books]].

-	Other ancient Jewish translations, such as the Aramaic [[Targum]]s, conform closely to [[masoretic text]] of the [[Hebrew Bible]], and all medieval and modern Jewish translations are based upon the same. Christian translations also tend to be based upon the Hebrew, though some denominations prefer the [[Septuagint]] (or may cite variant readings from both). Bible translations incorporating modern textual criticism usually begin with the masoretic text, but also take into account possible variants from all available ancient versions. The [[Textus Receptus\|received text]] of the [[Christian]] [[New Testament]] is in [[Koine Greek]],<~~ref~~>Some scholars hypothesize that certain books (whether completely or partially) may have been written in Aramaic before being translated for widespread dissemination. One very famous example of this is the [~~[Logos\|the opening]] to the [[Gospel of John]~~]~~, which some scholars argue to be a Greek translation of an Aramaic hymn.~~</~~ref~~> and nearly all translations are based upon the Greek text.	+	Other ancient Jewish translations, such as the Aramaic [[Targum]]s, conform closely to [[masoretic text]] of the [[Hebrew Bible]], and all medieval and modern Jewish translations are based upon the same. Christian translations also tend to be based upon the Hebrew, though some denominations prefer the [[Septuagint]] (or may cite variant readings from both). Bible translations incorporating modern textual criticism usually begin with the masoretic text, but also take into account possible variants from all available ancient versions. The [[Textus Receptus\|received text]] of the [[Christian]] [[New Testament]] is in [[Koine Greek]],<sup>[]</sup> and nearly all translations are based upon the Greek text.

	The Latin [[Vulgate]] was dominant in Christianity through the Middle Ages. Since then, the Bible has been translated into [[Bible translations by language\|many more languages]]. [[English Bible translations]] in particular have a rich and varied history of more than a millennium.		The Latin [[Vulgate]] was dominant in Christianity through the Middle Ages. Since then, the Bible has been translated into [[Bible translations by language\|many more languages]]. [[English Bible translations]] in particular have a rich and varied history of more than a millennium.
Line 26:		Line 26:
	{{seealso\|Early Modern English Bible translations}}		{{seealso\|Early Modern English Bible translations}}

-	In 1521, [[Martin Luther]] was placed under the Ban of the Empire, and he retired to the [[Wartburg Castle]]. During his time there, he translated the New Testament from Greek into German. It was printed in September 1522. The first complete Dutch Bible, partly based on the existing portions of Luther's translation, was printed in [[Antwerp]] in 1526 by [[Jacob van Liesvelt]].<~~ref~~>~~Paul Arblaster, Gergely Juhász, Guido Latré (eds) Tyndale's Testament, Brepols 2002, ISBN 2-503-51411-1, p. 120.~~</~~ref~~>	+	In 1521, [[Martin Luther]] was placed under the Ban of the Empire, and he retired to the [[Wartburg Castle]]. During his time there, he translated the New Testament from Greek into German. It was printed in September 1522. The first complete Dutch Bible, partly based on the existing portions of Luther's translation, was printed in [[Antwerp]] in 1526 by [[Jacob van Liesvelt]].<sup>[]</sup>

-	[[William Tyndale\|Tyndale's]] [[Tyndale's Bible\|New Testament translation]] (1526, revised in 1534, 1535 and 1536) and his translation of the [[Pentateuch]] (1530, 1534) and the [[Book of Jonah]] were met with heavy sanctions given the widespread belief that Tyndale ''changed'' the Bible as he attempted to translate it. The first complete French Bible was a translation by [[Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples]], published in 1530 in [[Antwerp]].<~~ref~~>~~Paul Arblaster, Gergely Juhász, Guido Latré (eds) Tyndale's Testament, Brepols 2002, ISBN 2-503-51411-1, pp. 134-135.~~</~~ref~~> The [[Froschauer Bible]] of 1531 and the [[Luther Bible]] of 1534 (both appearing in portions throughout the 1520s) were an important part of the [[Protestant Reformation\|Reformation]]. The first English translations of [[Psalms]] (1530), [[Isaiah]] (1531), [[Proverbs]] (1533), [[Ecclesiastes]] (1533), [[Jeremiah]] (1534) and [[Book of Lamentations\|Lamentations]] (1534), were executed by the Protestant Bible translator [[George Joye]] in [[Antwerp]]. In 1535 Myles Coverdale published the first complete [[Coverdale Bible\|English Bible]] also in [[Antwerp]].<~~ref~~>~~Paul Arblaster, Gergely Juhász, Guido Latré (eds) Tyndale's Testament, Brepols 2002, ISBN 2-503-51411-1, pp. 143-145.~~</~~ref~~>	+	[[William Tyndale\|Tyndale's]] [[Tyndale's Bible\|New Testament translation]] (1526, revised in 1534, 1535 and 1536) and his translation of the [[Pentateuch]] (1530, 1534) and the [[Book of Jonah]] were met with heavy sanctions given the widespread belief that Tyndale ''changed'' the Bible as he attempted to translate it. The first complete French Bible was a translation by [[Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples]], published in 1530 in [[Antwerp]].<sup>[]</sup> The [[Froschauer Bible]] of 1531 and the [[Luther Bible]] of 1534 (both appearing in portions throughout the 1520s) were an important part of the [[Protestant Reformation\|Reformation]]. The first English translations of [[Psalms]] (1530), [[Isaiah]] (1531), [[Proverbs]] (1533), [[Ecclesiastes]] (1533), [[Jeremiah]] (1534) and [[Book of Lamentations\|Lamentations]] (1534), were executed by the Protestant Bible translator [[George Joye]] in [[Antwerp]]. In 1535 Myles Coverdale published the first complete [[Coverdale Bible\|English Bible]] also in [[Antwerp]].<sup>[]</sup>

	In 1584 both Old and New Testaments were translated to [[Slovene language\|Slovene]] by [[Protestantism\|Protestant]] writer and theologian [[Jurij Dalmatin]]. The [[Slovenes]] thus became the 12th nation in the world with a complete Bible in their language.		In 1584 both Old and New Testaments were translated to [[Slovene language\|Slovene]] by [[Protestantism\|Protestant]] writer and theologian [[Jurij Dalmatin]]. The [[Slovenes]] thus became the 12th nation in the world with a complete Bible in their language.
Line 36:		Line 36:
	===Modern translation efforts===		===Modern translation efforts===
	{{See also\|International Bible Society\|Bible Society\|Wycliffe Bible Translators}}		{{See also\|International Bible Society\|Bible Society\|Wycliffe Bible Translators}}
-	The Bible continues to be the most translated book in the world. The following numbers are approximations. {{As of\|2005}}, at least one book of the Bible has been translated into 2,400 of the 6,900 languages listed by [[SIL International\|SIL]],<~~ref name="numtrans"~~>~~{{cite news \| title=The Bible in the Renaissance - William Tyndale\| publisher=Dom Henry Wansbrough \| url=http://users.ox.ac.uk/~sben0056/Tyndale.London.htm}}~~</~~ref~~> including 680 languages in Africa, followed by 590 in Asia, 420 in Oceania, 420 in Latin America and the Caribbean, 210 in Europe, and 75 in North America. The United Bible Societies are presently assisting in over 600 Bible translation projects. The Bible is available in whole or in part to some 98 percent of the world's population in a language in which they are fluent.	+	The Bible continues to be the most translated book in the world. The following numbers are approximations. {{As of\|2005}}, at least one book of the Bible has been translated into 2,400 of the 6,900 languages listed by [[SIL International\|SIL]],<sup>[]</sup> including 680 languages in Africa, followed by 590 in Asia, 420 in Oceania, 420 in Latin America and the Caribbean, 210 in Europe, and 75 in North America. The United Bible Societies are presently assisting in over 600 Bible translation projects. The Bible is available in whole or in part to some 98 percent of the world's population in a language in which they are fluent.

-	The United Bible Society announced, that as of 31 December 2007<~~ref~~>	+	The United Bible Society announced, that as of 31 December 2007<sup>[]</sup> The Bible, with deuterocanonical material was available in 123 languages. The Tanakh and New Testament were available in 438 languages. The New Testament was available in 1168 languages, and portions of the Bible were available in 848 languages, for a total of 2,454 languages.
-	~~{{Citation~~	+
-	~~\| last = United Bible Society~~	+
-	~~\| first =~~	+
-	~~\| author-link = United Bible Society~~	+
-	~~\| title = Statistical Summary of languages with the Scriptures~~	+
-	~~\| date =~~	+
-	~~\| year = 2008~~	+
-	~~\| url = http://www.ubs-translations.org/about_us/#c165~~	+
-	~~\| accessdate = 2008-03-22 }}~~</~~ref~~> The Bible, with deuterocanonical material was available in 123 languages. The Tanakh and New Testament were available in 438 languages. The New Testament was available in 1168 languages, and portions of the Bible were available in 848 languages, for a total of 2,454 languages.	+

-	In 1999, Wycliffe Bible Translators announced ''Vision 2025''. This project aims to see Bible translation begun by 2025 in every remaining language community that needs it. They currently estimate that 2,251 languages, representing 193 million people, need a Bible translation.<~~ref~~>	+	In 1999, Wycliffe Bible Translators announced ''Vision 2025''. This project aims to see Bible translation begun by 2025 in every remaining language community that needs it. They currently estimate that 2,251 languages, representing 193 million people, need a Bible translation.<sup>[]</sup>
-	~~{{Citation~~	+
-	~~\| last = Wycliffe Bible Translators~~	+
-	~~\| first =~~	+
-	~~\| author-link = Wycliffe Bible Translators~~	+
-	~~\| title = Progress Report~~	+
-	~~\| date =~~	+
-	~~\| year = 2007~~	+
-	~~\| url = http://www.wycliffe.net/about/Progress/tabid/463/Default.aspx~~	+
-	~~\| accessdate = 2008-03-22 }}~~</~~ref~~>	+

-	In 2001, Mike Coles, an [[Religious education\|RE]] teacher in [[Stepney]], translated The Bible into [[Cockney]] [[Rhyming slang]] and in 2008, graphic representations of The Bible in [[Manga]] and [[Lego\|''Lego'' brick]] form were given approval by the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]].<~~ref~~>[~~http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/7750842.stm The Bible but not as you know it~~]~~, ''[[BBC]] Magazine'', retrieved 28/11/2008~~</~~ref~~>	+	In 2001, Mike Coles, an [[Religious education\|RE]] teacher in [[Stepney]], translated The Bible into [[Cockney]] [[Rhyming slang]] and in 2008, graphic representations of The Bible in [[Manga]] and [[Lego\|''Lego'' brick]] form were given approval by the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]].<sup>[]</sup>

	===Modern approaches===<!-- This section is linked from [[Bible]] -->		===Modern approaches===<!-- This section is linked from [[Bible]] -->
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	In addition to linguistic concerns, theological issues also drive Bible translations.		In addition to linguistic concerns, theological issues also drive Bible translations.

-	The [[The Four Gospels\|Gospel]] books of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John were reinterpreted from the [[King James Bible]] by a distributed workforce through [[Amazon Mechanical Turk]].<~~ref~~>~~{{cite web \|url=http://www.pkgraham.com/turkers_gospel/ \|title=The Turker's Gospel \|accessdate=2008-10-23 }}~~</~~ref~~>	+	The [[The Four Gospels\|Gospel]] books of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John were reinterpreted from the [[King James Bible]] by a distributed workforce through [[Amazon Mechanical Turk]].<sup>[]</sup>

	==References==		==References==

Nick: /* External links */

2009-07-09T13:44:13Z

External links

←Older revision		Revision as of 13:44, 9 July 2009
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	==External links==		==External links==
-	~~{{external links\|October 2007}}~~
	*[http://www.internetdynamics.com/pub/vc/bibles.html Virtual Bible Versions]		*[http://www.internetdynamics.com/pub/vc/bibles.html Virtual Bible Versions]
	*[http://home1.gte.net/deleyd/religion/solarmyth/bibles.html English Bible Translations List]		*[http://home1.gte.net/deleyd/religion/solarmyth/bibles.html English Bible Translations List]

Nick: /* References */

2009-07-09T13:43:51Z

References

←Older revision		Revision as of 13:43, 9 July 2009
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	==References==		==References==
-	~~{{reflist}}~~

	==See also==		==See also==

Nick: Protected "Bible translations" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

2009-06-29T17:06:54Z

Protected "Bible translations" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

←Older revision

Revision as of 17:06, 29 June 2009

Nick: /* Modern approaches */

2009-06-29T17:06:28Z

Modern approaches

←Older revision		Revision as of 17:06, 29 June 2009
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	===Modern approaches===<!-- This section is linked from [[Bible]] -->		===Modern approaches===<!-- This section is linked from [[Bible]] -->
-	~~{{main\|~~Bible version debate}}	+	See [[Bible version debate]]
	A variety of linguistic, philological and ideological approaches to translation have been used, including:		A variety of linguistic, philological and ideological approaches to translation have been used, including:
	* [[Dynamic equivalence]] translation		* [[Dynamic equivalence]] translation

Nick: /* External links */

2009-03-15T01:39:14Z

External links

←Older revision		Revision as of 01:39, 15 March 2009
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	*[http://www.mtholyoke.edu/lits/library/guides/biblver.htm Quick List of Bible Versions]		*[http://www.mtholyoke.edu/lits/library/guides/biblver.htm Quick List of Bible Versions]
	*[http://www.blueletterbible.org Blueletter Bible Multiple Translations with Hebrew and Greek]		*[http://www.blueletterbible.org Blueletter Bible Multiple Translations with Hebrew and Greek]
-	*[http://www.ibs.org/bibles/translations/ English Bible Translation Comparison Chart]
	*[http://www.wbtc.com/ World Bible Translation Center]		*[http://www.wbtc.com/ World Bible Translation Center]
	*[http://www.chabad.org/article.asp?aid=63255 Judaica Press Translation - Online Jewish translation of the books of the Bible.] The Tanakh and [[Rashi]]'s entire commentary at [[Chabad.org]]		*[http://www.chabad.org/article.asp?aid=63255 Judaica Press Translation - Online Jewish translation of the books of the Bible.] The Tanakh and [[Rashi]]'s entire commentary at [[Chabad.org]]
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	*[http://www.worldscriptures.org worldscriptures.org] A database of all languages into which the Bible has been translated (up to 1998).		*[http://www.worldscriptures.org worldscriptures.org] A database of all languages into which the Bible has been translated (up to 1998).
	*[http://www.faithcomesbyhearing.com/ Faith Comes by Hearing - Audio Bible translations]- Bible translations and recordings available in 2,000 languages.		*[http://www.faithcomesbyhearing.com/ Faith Comes by Hearing - Audio Bible translations]- Bible translations and recordings available in 2,000 languages.
-	*[http://www.biblestudymagazine.com/preview/choosetranslationWeb.pdf Choosing a Bible Translation] - by [[Daniel B. Wallace]]

Nick: New page: '''The Bible''' has been translated into many languages from the biblical languages of Hebrew, [[Aramai...

2009-03-15T01:38:24Z

New page: '''The Bible''' has been translated into many languages from the biblical languages of Hebrew, [[Aramai...

New page

'''[[Bible|The Bible]]''' has been [[translation|translated]] into [[Bible translations by language|many languages]] from the [[biblical languages]] of [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew]], [[Aramaic]] and [[Ancient Greek|Greek]]. The very first translation of the [[Hebrew Bible]] into [[Greek language|Greek]] was the [[Septuagint]] (LXX), which later became the accepted text of the [[Old Testament]] in the church and the basis of its [[Biblical canon|canon]]. The Latin [[Vulgate]] by [[Jerome]] was based upon the Hebrew for those books of the Bible preserved in the Jewish canon (as reflected in the [[masoretic text]]), and on the Greek text for the [[deuterocanonical books]].

Other ancient Jewish translations, such as the Aramaic [[Targum]]s, conform closely to [[masoretic text]] of the [[Hebrew Bible]], and all medieval and modern Jewish translations are based upon the same. Christian translations also tend to be based upon the Hebrew, though some denominations prefer the [[Septuagint]] (or may cite variant readings from both). Bible translations incorporating modern textual criticism usually begin with the masoretic text, but also take into account possible variants from all available ancient versions. The [[Textus Receptus|received text]] of the [[Christian]] [[New Testament]] is in [[Koine Greek]],<ref>Some scholars hypothesize that certain books (whether completely or partially) may have been written in Aramaic before being translated for widespread dissemination. One very famous example of this is the [[Logos|the opening]] to the [[Gospel of John]], which some scholars argue to be a Greek translation of an Aramaic hymn.</ref> and nearly all translations are based upon the Greek text.

The Latin [[Vulgate]] was dominant in Christianity through the Middle Ages. Since then, the Bible has been translated into [[Bible translations by language|many more languages]]. [[English Bible translations]] in particular have a rich and varied history of more than a millennium.

==History==
===Antiquity===
Some of the first translations of the Jewish Torah began during the first exile in [[Babylonia]], when [[Aramaic]] became the lingua franca of the Jews. With most people speaking only Aramaic and not understanding Hebrew, the [[Targum]]s were created to allow the common person to understand the Torah as it was read in ancient synagogues.
The most well-known movement to translate books of the Bible appeared in the 3rd century BC. Most of the [[Tanakh]] then existed in [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], but many had gathered in [[Egypt]], where [[Alexander the Great]] had founded the [[Alexandria|city]] that bears his name. At one time a third of the population of the city was [[Hellenistic Judaism|Jewish]]. However, no major Greek translation was sought (as most Jews continued to speak Aramaic to each other) until [[Ptolemy II Philadelphus]] hired a large group of Jews (between 15 and 72 according to different sources) who had a fluent capability in both [[Koine Greek]] and Hebrew. These people produced the translation now known as the [[Septuagint]].

[[Origen of Alexandria|Origen]]'s ''[[Hexapla]]'' placed side by side six versions of the Old Testament, including the 2nd century Greek translations of [[Aquila of Sinope]] and [[Symmachus the Ebionite]]. The canonical [[Christian Bible]] was formally established by Bishop [[Cyril of Jerusalem]] in 350 (although it had been generally accepted by the church previously), confirmed by the [[Council of Laodicea]] in 363 (both lacked the book of [[Book of Revelation|Revelation]]), and later established by [[Athanasius of Alexandria]] in 367 (with [[Revelation]] added), and [[Jerome]]'s ''[[Vulgate]]'' Latin translation dates to between AD 382 and 420. Latin translations predating Jerome are collectively known as ''[[Vetus Latina]]'' texts.
Jerome began by revising the earlier Latin translations, but ended by going back to the original Greek, bypassing all translations, and going back to the original Hebrew wherever he could instead of the Septuagint.
The New Testament was translated into [[Gothic language|Gothic]] in the 4th century by [[Ulfilas]]. In the 5th century, [[Saint Mesrob]] translated the bible into [[Armenian language|Armenian]]. Also dating from the same period are the [[Peshitta|Syriac]], [[Coptic language|Coptic]], [[Ge'ez language|Ethiopic]] and [[Georgian language|Georgian]] translations.

===Middle Ages===
During the [[Middle Ages]], translation, particularly of the Old Testament was discouraged. Nevertheless, there are some fragmentary [[Old English Bible translations]], notably a lost translation of the [[Gospel of John]] into Old English by the Venerable [[Bede]], which he is said to have prepared shortly before his death around the year 735. An [[Old High German]] version of the gospel of Matthew dates to 748. [[Charlemagne]] in ca. 800 charged [[Alcuin]] with a revision of the Latin Vulgate. The translation into [[Old Church Slavonic]] dates to the late 9th century.

[[Alfred the Great]] had a number of passages of the Bible circulated in the vernacular in around 900. These included passages from the [[Ten Commandments]] and the [[Pentateuch]], which he prefixed to a code of laws he promulgated around this time. In approximately 990, a full and freestanding version of the four Gospels in idiomatic Old English appeared, in the [[West Saxon]] dialect; these are called the ''[[Wessex Gospels]]''.

[[Pope Innocent III]] in 1199 banned unauthorized versions of the Bible as a reaction to the [[Cathar]] and [[Waldensian]] heresies. The synods of Toulouse and Tarragona (1234) outlawed possession of such renderings. There is evidence of some vernacular translations being permitted while others were being scrutinized.

The most notable [[Middle English Bible translation]], [[Wyclif's Bible]] (1383), based on the Vulgate, was banned by the Oxford Synod in 1408. A Hungarian [[Hussite]] Bible appeared in the mid 15th century, and in 1478, a Catalan translation in the dialect of [[Valencia (autonomous community)|Valencia]].

===Reformation and Early Modern period===
{{seealso|Early Modern English Bible translations}}

In 1521, [[Martin Luther]] was placed under the Ban of the Empire, and he retired to the [[Wartburg Castle]]. During his time there, he translated the New Testament from Greek into German. It was printed in September 1522. The first complete Dutch Bible, partly based on the existing portions of Luther's translation, was printed in [[Antwerp]] in 1526 by [[Jacob van Liesvelt]].<ref>Paul Arblaster, Gergely Juhász, Guido Latré (eds) Tyndale's Testament, Brepols 2002, ISBN 2-503-51411-1, p. 120.</ref>

[[William Tyndale|Tyndale's]] [[Tyndale's Bible|New Testament translation]] (1526, revised in 1534, 1535 and 1536) and his translation of the [[Pentateuch]] (1530, 1534) and the [[Book of Jonah]] were met with heavy sanctions given the widespread belief that Tyndale ''changed'' the Bible as he attempted to translate it. The first complete French Bible was a translation by [[Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples]], published in 1530 in [[Antwerp]].<ref>Paul Arblaster, Gergely Juhász, Guido Latré (eds) Tyndale's Testament, Brepols 2002, ISBN 2-503-51411-1, pp. 134-135.</ref> The [[Froschauer Bible]] of 1531 and the [[Luther Bible]] of 1534 (both appearing in portions throughout the 1520s) were an important part of the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]]. The first English translations of [[Psalms]] (1530), [[Isaiah]] (1531), [[Proverbs]] (1533), [[Ecclesiastes]] (1533), [[Jeremiah]] (1534) and [[Book of Lamentations|Lamentations]] (1534), were executed by the Protestant Bible translator [[George Joye]] in [[Antwerp]]. In 1535 Myles Coverdale published the first complete [[Coverdale Bible|English Bible]] also in [[Antwerp]].<ref>Paul Arblaster, Gergely Juhász, Guido Latré (eds) Tyndale's Testament, Brepols 2002, ISBN 2-503-51411-1, pp. 143-145.</ref>

In 1584 both Old and New Testaments were translated to [[Slovene language|Slovene]] by [[Protestantism|Protestant]] writer and theologian [[Jurij Dalmatin]]. The [[Slovenes]] thus became the 12th nation in the world with a complete Bible in their language.

The missionary activity of the [[Jesuit]] order led to a large number of 17th century translation into languages of the [[New World]].

===Modern translation efforts===
{{See also|International Bible Society|Bible Society|Wycliffe Bible Translators}}
The Bible continues to be the most translated book in the world. The following numbers are approximations. {{As of|2005}}, at least one book of the Bible has been translated into 2,400 of the 6,900 languages listed by [[SIL International|SIL]],<ref name="numtrans">{{cite news | title=The Bible in the Renaissance - William Tyndale| publisher=Dom Henry Wansbrough | url=http://users.ox.ac.uk/~sben0056/Tyndale.London.htm}}</ref> including 680 languages in Africa, followed by 590 in Asia, 420 in Oceania, 420 in Latin America and the Caribbean, 210 in Europe, and 75 in North America. The United Bible Societies are presently assisting in over 600 Bible translation projects. The Bible is available in whole or in part to some 98 percent of the world's population in a language in which they are fluent.

The United Bible Society announced, that as of 31 December 2007<ref>
{{Citation
| last = United Bible Society
| first =
| author-link = United Bible Society
| title = Statistical Summary of languages with the Scriptures
| date =
| year = 2008
| url = http://www.ubs-translations.org/about_us/#c165
| accessdate = 2008-03-22 }}</ref> The Bible, with deuterocanonical material was available in 123 languages. The Tanakh and New Testament were available in 438 languages. The New Testament was available in 1168 languages, and portions of the Bible were available in 848 languages, for a total of 2,454 languages.

In 1999, Wycliffe Bible Translators announced ''Vision 2025''. This project aims to see Bible translation begun by 2025 in every remaining language community that needs it. They currently estimate that 2,251 languages, representing 193 million people, need a Bible translation.<ref>
{{Citation
| last = Wycliffe Bible Translators
| first =
| author-link = Wycliffe Bible Translators
| title = Progress Report
| date =
| year = 2007
| url = http://www.wycliffe.net/about/Progress/tabid/463/Default.aspx
| accessdate = 2008-03-22 }}</ref>

In 2001, Mike Coles, an [[Religious education|RE]] teacher in [[Stepney]], translated The Bible into [[Cockney]] [[Rhyming slang]] and in 2008, graphic representations of The Bible in [[Manga]] and [[Lego|''Lego'' brick]] form were given approval by the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/7750842.stm The Bible but not as you know it], ''[[BBC]] Magazine'', retrieved 28/11/2008</ref>

===Modern approaches===
{{main|Bible version debate}}
A variety of linguistic, philological and ideological approaches to translation have been used, including:
* [[Dynamic equivalence]] translation
* [[Formal equivalence]] translation (similar to [[literal translation]])
* [[Idiomatic]], or [[Paraphrase|Paraphrastic]] translation, as used by the late [[Kenneth N. Taylor]]

A great deal of debate occurs over which approach most accurately communicates the message of the biblical languages' source texts into target languages. Despite these [[The Bible version debate|debates]], however, many who study the Bible intellectually or devotionally find that selecting more than one translation approach is useful in interpreting and applying what they read. For example, a very literal translation may be useful for individual word or topical study, while a paraphrase may be employed for grasping initial meaning of a passage.

In addition to linguistic concerns, theological issues also drive Bible translations.

The [[The Four Gospels|Gospel]] books of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John were reinterpreted from the [[King James Bible]] by a distributed workforce through [[Amazon Mechanical Turk]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pkgraham.com/turkers_gospel/ |title=The Turker's Gospel |accessdate=2008-10-23 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==

'''Ancient and classical translations:'''
*[[Septuagint]] (Greek)
*[[Targum]] and [[Peshitta]] (Aramaic)
*[[Vetus Latina]] and [[Vulgate]] (Latin)

'''English Translations:'''
*[[English translations of the Bible]]
*[[Old English Bible translations]]
*[[Middle English Bible translations]]
*[[Early Modern English Bible translations]]
*[[Modern English Bible translations]]
*[[Jewish English Bible translations]]
*[[Europeanization of the Scriptures]]

'''Other languages:'''
*[[Bible translations by language]]
*[[List of Bible translators]]

'''Related:'''
*[[Bible version debate]]
*[[Translation]]
*[[Hermeneutics]]
*[[Exegesis]]

==External links==
{{external links|October 2007}}
*[http://www.internetdynamics.com/pub/vc/bibles.html Virtual Bible Versions]
*[http://home1.gte.net/deleyd/religion/solarmyth/bibles.html English Bible Translations List]
*[http://www.bowfree.com/index-e.htm Bible in 60 languages]
*[http://www.bibleserver.com/ bibleserver.com] about 30 translations in about 15 languages
*[http://www.mtholyoke.edu/lits/library/guides/biblver.htm Quick List of Bible Versions]
*[http://www.blueletterbible.org Blueletter Bible Multiple Translations with Hebrew and Greek]
*[http://www.ibs.org/bibles/translations/ English Bible Translation Comparison Chart]
*[http://www.wbtc.com/ World Bible Translation Center]
*[http://www.chabad.org/article.asp?aid=63255 Judaica Press Translation - Online Jewish translation of the books of the Bible.] The Tanakh and [[Rashi]]'s entire commentary at [[Chabad.org]]
*[http://www.ubs-translations.org/ United Bible Society] - includes links and scholarly papers about current Bibical translation efforts
*[http://www.worldscriptures.org worldscriptures.org] A database of all languages into which the Bible has been translated (up to 1998).
*[http://www.faithcomesbyhearing.com/ Faith Comes by Hearing - Audio Bible translations]- Bible translations and recordings available in 2,000 languages.
*[http://www.biblestudymagazine.com/preview/choosetranslationWeb.pdf Choosing a Bible Translation] - by [[Daniel B. Wallace]]