Upsilon

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Υυ Upsilon
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[[Image:Upsilon.jpg|thumb|150px|Upsilon]]
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'''Upsilon''' (uppercase '''Υ''', lowercase '''υ'''; Ύψιλον, Úpsilon) is the 20th letter of the [[Greek alphabet]].  In the system of [[Greek numerals]] it has a value of 400. It is derived from the [[phoenecian alphabet|Phoenician]] [[Waw (letter)|waw]]. The name of the letter is pronounced ˈipsilon in [[Modern Greek]], and in English ˈʌpsɨlɒn, juːpˈsaɪlən yewp SY lən, or ˈjuːpsɨlɒn YEWP sə-lon. It is occasionally called "ypsilon" (/ˈɪpsɨlɒn/) in English after its rendering in Latin, where the Greek upsilon corresponded with the [[Y|letter Y]].
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==Pronunciation==
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In early Greek and modern physics it is pronounced  ''oo'' u . In [[Ancient Greek language|Classical Greek]], it was pronounced like French ''u'' or German ''ü'', y—a sound that is not found in most dialects of [[English language|English]]. This was the case at least until the year 1030AD.<sup>[1]</sup> In [[Modern Greek]] it is pronounced like continental ''i'' or English ''ee'', {{IPAblink|i|}}, and in [[diphthongs]], [f] or [v]. In ancient Greek it occurred in both long and short versions, but this distinction has been lost in Modern Greek.
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As an initial letter in Classical Greek it always carried the [[rough breathing]] (equivalent to ''h'') as reflected in the many [[English words of Greek origin|Greek-derived English words]], such as those that begin with ''hyper-'' and ''hypo-''. This rough breathing was derived from an older pronunciation which used a [[Sibilant consonant|sibilant]] instead; this sibilant was not lost in Latin, giving rise to such cognates as ''super-'' (for ''hyper-'') and ''sub-'' (for ''hypo-'').
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Upsilon participated as the second element in [[falling diphthong]]s, which have subsequently developed in various ways: for instance after alpha or epsilon it is pronounced [f] or [v].
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==Correspondence with Latin Y==
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The usage of [[Y]] in Latin dates back to the first century BC. It was used to transcribe loanwords from Greek, so it was not a native sound of Latin and was usually pronounced /u/ or /i/. The latter pronunciation was the most common in the Classical period and was used by most people except the educated ones. The [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] proposed introducing a [[Claudian letters|new letter]] into the [[Latin alphabet]] to transcribe the so-called ''sonus medius'' (a short vowel before labial consonants), but in inscriptions was sometimes used for Greek upsilon instead.
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The name of the letter was originally just υ (''y''; also called ''hy'', hence "hyoid", meaning "y-shaped"). It changed to υ ψιλόν, (''u psilon'', meaning 'simple u') to distinguish it from ου, which had come to have the same [y] pronunciation.<sup>[2]</sup>  Four letters of the [[Latin alphabet]] arose from it: [[V]] and [[Y]] and, much later, [[U]] and [[W]]. In the [[Cyrillic alphabet]], the letters [[U (Cyrillic)|U]] (У, у) and [[Izhitsa]] (Ѵ, ѵ) arose from it.
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In some languages (most notably [[German language|German]]), the name ''upsilon'', (''üppsilon'') is used to refer to the Latin letter '''Y''' as well as the Greek letter.
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== Usage ==
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*In [[particle physics]] the capital Greek letter Υ denotes an [[Upsilon particle]].
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*Automobile manufacturer [[Lancia]] has a model called the Ypsilon. See [[Lancia Ypsilon]].
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*In [[linguistics]], the symbol is used to represent a [[labiodental approximant]].
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==Symbolism==
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[[Image:Geoffrey Tory Ypsilon.jpg|thumb|[[Geoffroy Tory]] Ypsilon]]
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Upsilon is known as Pythagoras' letter, or the Samian letter, because [[Pythagoras]] used it as an emblem of the path of virtue or vice.<sup>[3]</sup> As the Roman writer [[Persius]] wrote in Satire III:
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:::"and the letter which spreads out into Pythagorean branches has pointed out to you the steep path which rises on the right."<sup>[4]</sup>
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Lactantius, an early Christian author (ca. 240 – ca. 320), refers to this:
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:::"For they say that the course of human life resembles the letter Y, because every one of men, when he has reached the threshold of early youth, and has arrived at the place "where the way divides itself into two parts," is in doubt, and hesitates, and does not know to which side he should rather turn himself."<sup>[5]</sup>
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== Notes ==
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* 1. F. Lauritzen, Michael the Grammarian's irony about Hypsilon. A step towards roeconstructing byzantine pronunciation Byzantinoslavica, 67 (2009)
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* 2. See W. Sidney Allen, Vox Graeca, 3rd ed., Cambridge 1987, p. 69.
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* 3. Brewer, Ebenezer Cobham. The reader's handbook of famous names in fiction, allusions, references, proverbs, plots, stories, and poems, Vol. 2, p. 956. Lippincott, 1899.
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* 4. Satires. http://www.archive.org/stream/juvenalpersiuswi00juveuoft/juvenalpersiuswi00juveuoft_djvu.txt.
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* 5. The Divine Institutes. pp. Book VI Chapter III. http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ante-Nicene_Fathers/Volume_VII/Lactantius/The_Divine_Institutes/Book_VI/Chap._III.
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[[Category:Greek letters]]
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[[Category:Vowel letters]]
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{{Donate}}

Current revision

Upsilon
Upsilon

Upsilon (uppercase Υ, lowercase υ; Ύψιλον, Úpsilon) is the 20th letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 400. It is derived from the Phoenician waw. The name of the letter is pronounced ˈipsilon in Modern Greek, and in English ˈʌpsɨlɒn, juːpˈsaɪlən yewp SY lən, or ˈjuːpsɨlɒn YEWP sə-lon. It is occasionally called "ypsilon" (/ˈɪpsɨlɒn/) in English after its rendering in Latin, where the Greek upsilon corresponded with the letter Y.

Contents

Pronunciation

In early Greek and modern physics it is pronounced oo u . In Classical Greek, it was pronounced like French u or German ü, y—a sound that is not found in most dialects of English. This was the case at least until the year 1030AD.[1] In Modern Greek it is pronounced like continental i or English ee, Template:IPAblink, and in diphthongs, [f] or [v]. In ancient Greek it occurred in both long and short versions, but this distinction has been lost in Modern Greek.

As an initial letter in Classical Greek it always carried the rough breathing (equivalent to h) as reflected in the many Greek-derived English words, such as those that begin with hyper- and hypo-. This rough breathing was derived from an older pronunciation which used a sibilant instead; this sibilant was not lost in Latin, giving rise to such cognates as super- (for hyper-) and sub- (for hypo-).

Upsilon participated as the second element in falling diphthongs, which have subsequently developed in various ways: for instance after alpha or epsilon it is pronounced [f] or [v].

Correspondence with Latin Y

The usage of Y in Latin dates back to the first century BC. It was used to transcribe loanwords from Greek, so it was not a native sound of Latin and was usually pronounced /u/ or /i/. The latter pronunciation was the most common in the Classical period and was used by most people except the educated ones. The Roman Emperor Claudius proposed introducing a new letter into the Latin alphabet to transcribe the so-called sonus medius (a short vowel before labial consonants), but in inscriptions was sometimes used for Greek upsilon instead.

The name of the letter was originally just υ (y; also called hy, hence "hyoid", meaning "y-shaped"). It changed to υ ψιλόν, (u psilon, meaning 'simple u') to distinguish it from ου, which had come to have the same [y] pronunciation.[2] Four letters of the Latin alphabet arose from it: V and Y and, much later, U and W. In the Cyrillic alphabet, the letters U (У, у) and Izhitsa (Ѵ, ѵ) arose from it.

In some languages (most notably German), the name upsilon, (üppsilon) is used to refer to the Latin letter Y as well as the Greek letter.

Usage

Symbolism

Geoffroy Tory Ypsilon

Upsilon is known as Pythagoras' letter, or the Samian letter, because Pythagoras used it as an emblem of the path of virtue or vice.[3] As the Roman writer Persius wrote in Satire III:

"and the letter which spreads out into Pythagorean branches has pointed out to you the steep path which rises on the right."[4]

Lactantius, an early Christian author (ca. 240 – ca. 320), refers to this:

"For they say that the course of human life resembles the letter Y, because every one of men, when he has reached the threshold of early youth, and has arrived at the place "where the way divides itself into two parts," is in doubt, and hesitates, and does not know to which side he should rather turn himself."[5]

Notes

List of New Testament Papyri

𝔓1 · 𝔓2 · 𝔓3 · 𝔓4 · 𝔓5 · 𝔓6 · 𝔓7 · 𝔓8 · 𝔓9 · 𝔓10 · 𝔓11 · 𝔓12 · 𝔓13 · 𝔓14 · 𝔓15 · 𝔓16 · 𝔓17 · 𝔓18 · 𝔓19 · 𝔓20 · 𝔓21 · 𝔓22 · 𝔓23 · 𝔓24 · 𝔓25 · 𝔓26 · 𝔓27 · 𝔓28 · 𝔓29 · 𝔓30 · 𝔓31 · 𝔓32 · 𝔓33 · 𝔓34 · 𝔓35 · 𝔓36 · 𝔓37 · 𝔓38 · 𝔓39 · 𝔓40 · 𝔓41 · 𝔓42 · 𝔓43 · 𝔓44 · 𝔓45 · 𝔓46 · 𝔓47 · 𝔓48 · 𝔓49 · 𝔓50 · 𝔓51 · 𝔓52 · 𝔓53 · 𝔓54 · 𝔓55 · 𝔓56 · 𝔓57 · 𝔓58 · 𝔓59 · 𝔓60 · 𝔓61 · 𝔓62 · 𝔓63 · 𝔓64 · 𝔓65 · 𝔓66 · 𝔓67 · 𝔓68 · 𝔓69 · 𝔓70 · 𝔓71 · 𝔓72 · 𝔓73 · 𝔓74 · 𝔓75 · 𝔓76 · 𝔓77 · 𝔓78 · 𝔓79 · 𝔓80 · 𝔓81 · 𝔓82 · 𝔓83 · 𝔓84 · 𝔓85 · 𝔓86 · 𝔓87 · 𝔓88 · 𝔓89 · 𝔓90 · 𝔓91 · 𝔓92 · 𝔓93 · 𝔓94 · 𝔓95 · 𝔓96 · 𝔓97 · 𝔓98 · 𝔓99 · 𝔓100 · 𝔓101 · 𝔓102 · 𝔓103 · 𝔓104 · 𝔓105 · 𝔓106 · 𝔓107 · 𝔓108 · 𝔓109 · 𝔓110 · 𝔓111 · 𝔓112 · 𝔓113 · 𝔓114 · 𝔓115 · 𝔓116 · 𝔓117 · 𝔓118 · 𝔓119 · 𝔓120 · 𝔓121 · 𝔓122 · 𝔓123 · 𝔓124 · 𝔓125 · 𝔓126 · 𝔓127 · 𝔓128 · 𝔓129 · 𝔓130 · 𝔓131 · 𝔓132 · 𝔓133 · 𝔓134 · 𝔓135 · 𝔓136 · 𝔓137 · 𝔓138 · 𝔓139 · 𝔓140 ·


List of New Testament minuscules

1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · 28 · 29 · 30 · 31 · 32 · 33 · 34 · 35 · 36 · 37 · 38 · 39 · 40 · 41 · 42 · 43 · 44 · 45 · 46 · 47 · 48 · 49 · 50 · 51 · 52 · 53 · 54 · 55 · 56 · 57 · 58 · 59 · 60 · 61 · 62 · 63 · 64 · 65 · 66 · 67 · 68 · 69 · 70 · 71 · 72 · 73 · 74 · 75 · 76 · 77 · 78 · 79 · 80 · 81 · 82 · 83 · 84 · 85 · 86 · 87 · 88 · 89 · 90 · 91 · 92 · 93 · 94 · 95 · 96 · 97 · 98 · 99 · 100 · 101 · 102 · 103 · 104 · 105 · 106 · 107 · 108 · 109 · 110 · 111 · 112 · 113 · 114 · 115 · 116 · 117 · 118 · 119 · 120 · 121 · 122 · 123 · 124 · 125 · 126 · 127 · 128 · 129 · 130 · 131 · 132 · 133 · 134 · 135 · 136 · 137 · 138 · 139 · 140 · 141 · 142 · 143 · 144 · 145 · 146 · 147 · 148 · 149 · 150 · 151 · 152 · 153 · 154 · 155 · 156 · 157 · 158 · 159 · 160 · 161 · 162 · 163 · 164 · 165 · 166 · 167 · 168 · 169 · 170 · 171 · 172 · 173 · 174 · 175 · 176 · 177 · 178 · 179 · 180 · 181 · 182 · 183 · 184 · 185 · 186 · 187 · 188 · 189 · 190 · 191 · 192 · 193 · 194 · 195 · 196 · 197 · 198 · 199 · 200 · 201 · 202 · 203 · 204 · 205 · 206 · 207 · 208 · 209 · 210 · 211 · 212 · 213 · 214 · 215 · 216 · 217 · 218 · 219 · 220 · 221 · 222 · 223 · 224 · 225 · 226 · 227 · 228 · 229 · 230 · 231 · 232 · 233 · 234 · 235 · 236 · 237 · 238 · 239 · 240 · 241 · 242 · 243 · 244 · 245 · 246 · 247 · 248 · 249 · 250 · 251 · 252 · 253 · 254 · 255 · 256 · 257 · 258 · 259 · 260 · 261 · 262 · 263 · 264 · 265 · 266 · 267 · 268 · 269 · 270 · 271 · 272 · 273 · 274 · 275 · 276 · 277 · 278 · 279 · 280 · 281 · 282 · 283 · 284 · 285 · 286 · 287 · 288 · 289 · 290 · 291 · 292 · 293 · 294 · 295 · 296 · 297 · 298 · 299 · 300 · 301 · 302 · 303 · 304 · 305 · 306 · 307 · 308 · 309 · 310 · 311 · 312 · 313 · 314 · 315 · 316 · 317 · 318 · 319 · 320 · 321 · 322 · 323 · 324 · 325 · 326 · 327 · 328 · 329 · 330 · 331 · 332 · 333 · 334 · 335 · 336 · 337 · 338 · 339 · 340 · 341 · 342 · 343 · 344 · 345 · 346 · 347 · 348 · 349 · 350 · 351 · 352 · 353 · 354 · 355 · 356 · 357 · 358 · 359 · 360 · 361 · 362 · 363 · 364 · 365 · 366 · 367 · 368 · 369 · 370 · 371 · 372 · 373 · 374 · 375 · 376 · 377 · 378 · 379 · 380 · 381 · 382 · 383 · 384 · 385 · 386 · 387 · 388 · 389 · 390 · 391 · 392 · 393 · 394 · 395 · 396 · 397 · 398 · 399 · 400 · 401 · 402 · 403 · 404 · 405 · 406 · 407 · 408 · 409 · 410 · 411 · 412 · 413 · 414 · 415 · 416 · 417 · 418 · 419 · 420 · 421 · 422 · 423 · 424 · 425 · 426 · 427 · 428 · 429 · 430 · 431 · 432 · 433 · 434 · 435 · 436 · 437 · 438 · 439 · 440 · 441 · 442 · 443 · 444 · 445 · 446 · 447 · 448 · 449 · 450 · 451 · 452 · 453 · 454 · 455 · 456 · 457 · 458 · 459 · 460 · 461 · 462 · 463 · 464 · 465 · 466 · 467 · 468 · 469 · 470 · 471 · 472 · 473 · 474 · 475 · 476 · 477 · 478 · 479 · 480 · 481 · 482 · 483 · 484 · 485 · 486 · 487 · 488 · 489 · 490 · 491 · 492 · 493 · 494 · 495 · 496 · 497 · 498 · 499 · 500 · 501 · 502 · 503 · 504 · 505 · 506 · 507 · 543 · 544 · 565 · 566 · 579 · 585 · 614 · 639 · 653 · 654 · 655 · 656 · 657 · 658 · 659 · 660 · 661 · 669 · 676 · 685 · 700 · 798 · 823 · 824 · 825 · 826 · 827 · 828 · 829 · 830 · 831 · 876 · 891 · 892 · 893 · 918 · 1071 · 1143 · 1152 · 1241 · 1253 · 1423 · 1424 · 1432 · 1582 · 1739 · 1780 · 1813 · 1834 · 2050 · 2053 · 2059 · 2060 · 2061 · 2062 · 2174 · 2268 · 2344 · 2423 · 2427 · 2437 · 2444 · 2445 · 2446 · 2460 · 2464 · 2491 · 2495 · 2612 · 2613 · 2614 · 2615 · 2616 · 2641 · 2754 · 2755 · 2756 · 2757 · 2766 · 2767 · 2768 · 2793 · 2802 · 2803 · 2804 · 2805 · 2806 · 2807 · 2808 · 2809 · 2810 · 2811 · 2812 · 2813 · 2814 · 2815 · 2816 · 2817 · 2818 · 2819 · 2820 · 2821 · 2855 · 2856 · 2857 · 2858 · 2859 · 2860 · 2861 · 2862 · 2863 · 2881 · 2882 · 2907 · 2965 ·


List of New Testament uncials

01 · 02 · 03 · 04 · 05 · 06 · 07 · 08 · 09 · 010 · 011 · 012 · 013 · 014 · 015 · 016 · 017 · 018 · 019 · 020 · 021 · 022 · 023 · 024 · 025 · 026 · 027 · 028 · 029 · 030 · 031 · 032 · 033 · 034 · 035 · 036 · 037 · 038 · 039 · 040 · 041 · 042 · 043 · 044 · 045 · 046 · 047 · 048 · 049 · 050 · 051 · 052 · 053 · 054 · 055 · 056 · 057 · 058 · 059 · 060 · 061 · 062 · 063 · 064 · 065 · 066 · 067 · 068 · 069 · 070 · 071 · 072 · 073 · 074 · 075 · 076 · 077 · 078 · 079 · 080 · 081 · 082 · 083 · 084 · 085 · 086 · 087 · 088 · 089 · 090 · 091 · 092 · 093 · 094 · 095 · 096 · 097 · 098 · 099 · 0100 · 0101 · 0102 · 0103 · 0104 · 0105 · 0106 · 0107 · 0108 · 0109 · 0110 · 0111 · 0112 · 0113 · 0114 · 0115 · 0116 · 0117 · 0118 · 0119 · 0120 · 0121 · 0122 · 0123 · 0124 · 0125 · 0126 · 0127 · 0128 · 0129 · 0130 · 0131 · 0132 · 0134 · 0135 · 0136 · 0137 · 0138 · 0139 · 0140 · 0141 · 0142 · 0143 · 0144 · 0145 · 0146 · 0147 · 0148 · 0149 · 0150 · 0151 · 0152 · 0153 · 0154 · 0155 · 0156 · 0157 · 0158 · 0159 · 0160 · 0161 · 0162 · 0163 · 0164 · 0165 · 0166 · 0167 · 0168 · 0169 · 0170 · 0171 · 0172 · 0173 · 0174 · 0175 · 0176 · 0177 · 0178 · 0179 · 0180 · 0181 · 0182 · 0183 · 0184 · 0185 · 0186 · 0187 · 0188 · 0189 · 0190 · 0191 · 0192 · 0193 · 0194 · 0195 · 0196 · 0197 · 0198 · 0199 · 0200 · 0201 · 0202 · 0203 · 0204 · 0205 · 0206 · 0207 · 0208 · 0209 · 0210 · 0211 · 0212 · 0213 · 0214 · 0215 · 0216 · 0217 · 0218 · 0219 · 0220 · 0221 · 0222 · 0223 · 0224 · 0225 · 0226 · 0227 · 0228 · 0229 · 0230 · 0231 · 0232 · 0234 · 0235 · 0236 · 0237 · 0238 · 0239 · 0240 · 0241 · 0242 · 0243 · 0244 · 0245 · 0246 · 0247 · 0248 · 0249 · 0250 · 0251 · 0252 · 0253 · 0254 · 0255 · 0256 · 0257 · 0258 · 0259 · 0260 · 0261 · 0262 · 0263 · 0264 · 0265 · 0266 · 0267 · 0268 · 0269 · 0270 · 0271 · 0272 · 0273 · 0274 · 0275 · 0276 · 0277 · 0278 · 0279 · 0280 · 0281 · 0282 · 0283 · 0284 · 0285 · 0286 · 0287 · 0288 · 0289 · 0290 · 0291 · 0292 · 0293 · 0294 · 0295 · 0296 · 0297 · 0298 · 0299 · 0300 · 0301 · 0302 · 0303 · 0304 · 0305 · 0306 · 0307 · 0308 · 0309 · 0310 · 0311 · 0312 · 0313 · 0314 · 0315 · 0316 · 0317 · 0318 · 0319 · 0320 · 0321 · 0322 · 0323 ·


List of New Testament lectionaries

1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 25b · 26 · 27 · 28 · 29 · 30 · 31 · 32 · 33 · 34 · 35 · 36 · 37 · 38 · 39 · 40 · 41 · 42 · 43 · 44 · 45 · 46 · 47 · 48 · 49 · 50 · 51 · 52 · 53 · 54 · 55 · 56 · 57 · 58 · 59 · 60 · 61 · 62 · 63 · 64 · 65 · 66 · 67 · 68 · 69 · 70 · 71 · 72 · 73 · 74 · 75 · 76 · 77 · 78 · 79 · 80 · 81 · 82 · 83 · 84 · 85 · 86 · 87 · 88 · 89 · 90 · 91 · 92 · 93 · 94 · 95 · 96 · 97 · 98 · 99 · 100 · 101 · 102 · 103 · 104 · 105 · 106 · 107 · 108 · 109 · 110 · 111 · 112 · 113 · 114 · 115 · 116 · 117 · 118 · 119 · 120 · 121 · 122 · 123 · 124 · 125 · 126 · 127 · 128 · 129 · 130 · 131 · 132 · 133 · 134 · 135 · 136 · 137 · 138 · 139 · 140 · 141 · 142 · 143 · 144 · 145 · 146 · 147 · 148 · 149 · 150 · 151 · 152 · 153 · 154 · 155 · 156 · 157 · 158 · 159 · 160 · 161 · 162 · 163 · 164 · 165 · 166 · 167 · 168 · 169 · 170 · 171 · 172 · 173 · 174 · 175 · 176 · 177 · 178 · 179 · 180 · 181 · 182 · 183 · 184 · 185 · 186 · 187 · 188 · 189 · 190 · 191 · 192 · 193 · 194 · 195 · 196 · 197 · 198 · 199 · 200 · 201 · 202 · 203 · 204 · 205 · 206a · 206b · 207 · 208 · 209 · 210 · 211 · 212 · 213 · 214 · 215 · 216 · 217 · 218 · 219 · 220 · 221 · 222 · 223 · 224 · 225 · 226 · 227 · 228 · 229 · 230 · 231 · 232 · 233 · 234 · 235 · 236 · 237 · 238 · 239 · 240 · 241 · 242 · 243 · 244 · 245 · 246 · 247 · 248 · 249 · 250 · 251 · 252 · 253 · 254 · 255 · 256 · 257 · 258 · 259 · 260 · 261 · 262 · 263 · 264 · 265 · 266 · 267 · 268 · 269 · 270 · 271 · 272 · 273 · 274 · 275 · 276 · 277 · 278 · 279 · 280 · 281 · 282 · 283 · 284 · 285 · 286 · 287 · 288 · 289 · 290 · 291 · 292 · 293 · 294 · 295 · 296 · 297 · 298 · 299 · 300 · 301 · 302 · 303 · 304 · 305 · 306 · 307 · 308 · 309 · 310 · 311 · 312 · 313 · 314 · 315 · 316 · 317 · 318 · 319 · 320 · 321 · 322 · 323 · 324 · 325 · 326 · 327 · 328 · 329 · 330 · 331 · 332 · 368 · 449 · 451 · 501 · 502 · 542 · 560 · 561 · 562 · 563 · 564 · 648 · 649 · 809 · 965 · 1033 · 1358 · 1386 · 1491 · 1423 · 1561 · 1575 · 1598 · 1599 · 1602 · 1604 · 1614 · 1619 · 1623 · 1637 · 1681 · 1682 · 1683 · 1684 · 1685 · 1686 · 1691 · 1813 · 1839 · 1965 · 1966 · 1967 · 2005 · 2137 · 2138 · 2139 · 2140 · 2141 · 2142 · 2143 · 2144 · 2145 · 2164 · 2208 · 2210 · 2211 · 2260 · 2261 · 2263 · 2264 · 2265 · 2266 · 2267 · 2276 · 2307 · 2321 · 2352 · 2404 · 2405 · 2406 · 2411 · 2412 ·



New book available with irrefutable evidence for the reading in the TR and KJV.
Revelation 16:5 book
Revelation 16:5 and the Triadic Declaration - A defense of the reading of “shalt be” in the Authorized Version