Nomina sacra
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(→List of Greek Nomina Sacra) |
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| - | '''''Nomina sacra''''' (singular: '''''nomen sacrum''''') means "sacred names" in [[Latin language|Latin]], and can be used to refer to traditions of abbreviated writing of several frequently occurring divine names or titles in early [[Greek language]] [[Holy Scripture]]. | + | '''''Nomina sacra''''' (singular: '''''nomen sacrum''''') means "sacred names" in [[Latin language|Latin]], and can be used to refer to traditions of abbreviated writing of several frequently occurring divine names or titles in early [[Greek language]] [[Holy Scripture]].there are over a dozen such expressions from Greek papyri: the Greek counterparts of God, Lord, Jesus, Christ, Son, Spirit, David, cross, Mother, Father, Israel, Savior, Man, Jerusalem, and Heaven. The ''nomen sacrum'' for ''mother'' did not appear until the 4th century CE,<sup>[1]</sup> but all other ''Nomina Sacra'' have been found in Greek manuscripts from the 1st - 3rd Centuries CE. The contractions were indicated with [[overline]]s. |
| - | There has been a dispute about the nature of ''Nomina sacra'', whether they represent a mere shorthand or these overlined words indeed bear a sacred meaning.< | + | There has been a dispute about the nature of ''Nomina sacra'', whether they represent a mere shorthand or these overlined words indeed bear a sacred meaning.<sup>[2]</sup> |
[[Image:JHS-IHS-Monogram-Name-Jesus.png|right|thumb|150px|IHS or JHS [[Christogram]] of western Christianity]] | [[Image:JHS-IHS-Monogram-Name-Jesus.png|right|thumb|150px|IHS or JHS [[Christogram]] of western Christianity]] | ||
| Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%" | {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%" | ||
| - | !- English meaning - | + | !- English meaning - |
| - | !- Greek Word - | + | !- Greek Word - |
| - | !- Nominative (Subject) - | + | !- Nominative (Subject) - |
| - | !- Genitive (Possessive) - | + | !- Genitive (Possessive) - |
|- | |- | ||
|God | |God | ||
| Line 86: | Line 86: | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline"> </span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline"> </span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |Heaven/Heavens | + | |Heaven/Heavens |
|Ουρανος | |Ουρανος | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΟΥΝΟΣ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΟΥΝΟΣ</span> | ||
| Line 98: | Line 98: | ||
!Nomina Sacra Used | !Nomina Sacra Used | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 1| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 1|<sup>1</sup>]] ([[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|P. Oxy.]] 2) |
|250 CE | |250 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΣ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΣ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 4| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 4|<sup>4</sup>]] (Suppl. Gr. 1120) |
|66 CE - 175 CE | |66 CE - 175 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΟΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΟΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 5|<sup>5</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 208 + 1781) |
|200 CE | |200 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 9| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 9|<sup>9</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 402) |
|200 CE - 300 CE | |200 CE - 300 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΣ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΣ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 12| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 12|<sup>12</sup>]] (P. Amherst. 3b) |
|250 CE - 300 CE | |250 CE - 300 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 13| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 13|<sup>13</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 657 + PSI 1292) |
|225 CE - 250 CE | |225 CE - 250 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 15| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 15|<sup>15</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 1008) |
|250 CE - 300 CE | |250 CE - 300 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΩΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΜΟΥ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΩΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΜΟΥ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 16| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 16|<sup>16</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 1009) |
|250 CE - 300 CE | |250 CE - 300 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΩ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΩ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 17| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 17|<sup>17</sup>]](P. Oxy. 1078) |
|250 CE | |250 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">Θ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">Θ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 18| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 18|<sup>18</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 1079) |
|250 CE - 300 CE | |250 CE - 300 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΩ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΩ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 20| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 20|<sup>20</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 1171) |
|250 CE | |250 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 22| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 22|<sup>22</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 1228) |
|250 CE | |250 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΣ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΣ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 24| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 24|<sup>24</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 1230) |
|275 CE - 300 CE | |275 CE - 300 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 27| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 27|<sup>27</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 1395) |
|250 CE | |250 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΩ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΩ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 28| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 28|<sup>28</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 1596) |
|275 CE - 300 CE | |275 CE - 300 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΝ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΝ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 29| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 29|<sup>29</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 1597) |
|200 CE - 225 CE | |200 CE - 225 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΝ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΝ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 30| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 30|<sup>30</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 1598) |
|200 CE | |200 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 32| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 32|<sup>32</sup>]] (P. Rylands 5) |
|150 CE - 200 CE | |150 CE - 200 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 35| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 35|<sup>35</sup>]] (PSI 1) |
|200 CE - 300 CE | |200 CE - 300 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 37| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 37|<sup>37</sup>]] (P. Mich. Inv. 1570) |
|250 CE | |250 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΕ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣΥ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΕ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣΥ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 38| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 38|<sup>38</sup>]] (P. Mich. Inv. 1571) |
|175 CE - 225 CE | |175 CE - 225 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΤΑ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΤΑ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 39| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 39|<sup>39</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 1780) |
|200 CE - 250 CE | |200 CE - 250 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΗΡ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΗΡ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 40| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 40|<sup>40</sup>]] (P.Heldelberg G. 645) |
|200 CE - 300 CE | |200 CE - 300 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΥ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΥ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 45| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 45|<sup>45</sup>]] ([[Chester Beatty Papyri|P. Chester Beatty]] I) |
|200 CE | |200 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΕ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣΡΝΑΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <br> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΕ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣΡΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΕ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣΡΝΑΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <br> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΕ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣΡΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 46| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 46|<sup>46</sup>]] (P. Chester Beatty II <br> + P. Mich. Inv. 6238) |
|80 CE - 150 CE | |80 CE - 150 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΕ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline"></span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΕ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline"></span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> | ||
| Line 201: | Line 201: | ||
<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΕΣΤΑΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣΤΟΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΙΜΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΩΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΙΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΗΡ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΥ</span> | <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΕΣΤΑΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣΤΟΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΙΜΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΩΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΙΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΗΡ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΥ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 47| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 47|<sup>47</sup>]] (P.Cheaster Beatty III) |
|250 CE - 300 CE | |250 CE - 300 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΘΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΕ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΕΣΤΡΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΘΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΕ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΕΣΤΡΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 48| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 48|<sup>48</sup>]] (PSI 1165) |
|200 CE - 300 CE | |200 CE - 300 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΣ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΣ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 49| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 49|<sup>49</sup>]] (P.Yale 415 + 531) |
|250 CE | |250 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΩ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΩ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 50| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 50|<sup>50</sup>]] (P. Yal 1543) |
|275 CE - 300 CE | |275 CE - 300 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΛΗΜ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΛΗΜ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 53| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 53|<sup>53</sup>]] (P. Mich. inv. 6652 |
|260 CE | |260 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΕΡ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΝ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΕΡ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΝ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[ | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 64|<sup>64</sup>]] (Gr. 17) |
|66 CE - 175 CE | |66 CE - 175 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 65| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 65|<sup>65</sup>]] (PSI XIV 1373) |
|250 CE | |250 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 66| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 66|<sup>66</sup>]] ([[Bodmer Papyri|P. Bodmer]] II + <br> Inv. Nr. 4274/4298 |
|90 CE - 130 CE | |90 CE - 130 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΕ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΗΡ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΕ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΗΡ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span> | ||
| Line 235: | Line 235: | ||
<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣΡΘΗ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣΡΑΤΕ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣΡΩΣΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΕΣΡΑΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΕΣΡΘΗ</span> | <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣΡΘΗ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣΡΑΤΕ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣΡΩΣΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΕΣΡΑΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΕΣΡΘΗ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 69| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 69|<sup>69</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 2383) |
|250 CE | |250 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΝ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΝ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 70| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 70|<sup>70</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 2384 +<br> PSI Inv. CNR 419, 420) |
|250 - 300 CE | |250 - 300 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΗΡ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΗΡ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 72| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 72|<sup>72</sup>]] (P. Bodmer VII and VIII) |
|250 - 300CE | |250 - 300CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΑΡ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΤΡΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΣ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΑΡ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΤΡΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΣ</span> | ||
<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΤΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΙ</span> | <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΤΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΙ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 75| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 75|<sup>75</sup>]] (P. Bodmer XIV and XV) |
|125 CE - 190 CE | |125 CE - 190 CE | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 78| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 78|<sup>78</sup>]] (P. Oxy 2684) |
|250 CE - 300 CE | |250 CE - 300 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΝ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΝ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 90| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 90|<sup>90</sup>]] (P. Oxy 3523) |
|150 CE - 175 CE | |150 CE - 175 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 91| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 91|<sup>91</sup>]] (P. Mil. Vogl. Inv. 1224 + P. Macquarie Inv. 360) |
|250 CE | |250 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΝ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΝ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 92| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 92|<sup>92</sup>]] (P. Narmuthis 69.39a + 69.229a) |
|250 CE - 275 CE | |250 CE - 275 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 100| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 100|<sup>100</sup>]] (P. Oxy 4449) |
|275 CE - 300 CE | |275 CE - 300 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 101| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 101|<sup>101</sup>]] (P. Oxy 4401) |
|200 CE - 250 CE | |200 CE - 250 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΙ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΙ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 106| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 106|<sup>106</sup>]] (P. Oxy 4445) |
|200 CE - 250 CE | |200 CE - 250 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 108| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 108|<sup>108</sup>]] (P. Oxy 4447) |
|175 CE - 200 CE | |175 CE - 200 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΝ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΝ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 110| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 110|<sup>110</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 4494) |
|250 CE - 300 CE | |250 CE - 300 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 111| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 111|<sup>111</sup>]] (P. Oxy 4495) |
|200 CE - 250 CE | |200 CE - 250 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΥ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΥ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 113| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 113|<sup>113</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 4497) |
|200 CE - 300 CE | |200 CE - 300 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΙ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΙ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 114| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 114|<sup>114</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 4498) |
|250 CE - 300 CE | |250 CE - 300 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |[[Papyrus 115| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 115|<sup>115</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 4499) |
|225 CE - 275 CE | |225 CE - 275 CE | ||
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΛ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΥΤΟΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΩΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΟΥΝΟΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΟΥΝΟΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΟΥΝΩ</span> | |<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΛ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΥΤΟΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΩΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΟΥΝΟΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΟΥΝΟΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΟΥΝΩ</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | | [[Papyrus 121| | + | |[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]][[Papyrus 121|<sup>121</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 4805) |
| 250 CE | | 250 CE | ||
| <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΜΗΙ</span> | | <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΜΗΙ</span> | ||
| Line 341: | Line 341: | ||
[[Category:Christian symbols]] | [[Category:Christian symbols]] | ||
[[Category:Early Christian inscriptions]] | [[Category:Early Christian inscriptions]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{Donate}} | ||
Current revision
Nomina sacra (singular: nomen sacrum) means "sacred names" in Latin, and can be used to refer to traditions of abbreviated writing of several frequently occurring divine names or titles in early Greek language Holy Scripture.there are over a dozen such expressions from Greek papyri: the Greek counterparts of God, Lord, Jesus, Christ, Son, Spirit, David, cross, Mother, Father, Israel, Savior, Man, Jerusalem, and Heaven. The nomen sacrum for mother did not appear until the 4th century CE,[1] but all other Nomina Sacra have been found in Greek manuscripts from the 1st - 3rd Centuries CE. The contractions were indicated with overlines.
There has been a dispute about the nature of Nomina sacra, whether they represent a mere shorthand or these overlined words indeed bear a sacred meaning.[2]
Starting in the third century the nomina sacra were sometimes shortened by contraction in Christian inscriptions, resulting in sequences of Greek letters such as IH (iota-eta), IC (iota-sigma), or IHC (iota-eta-sigma) for Jesus (Greek Iēsous), and XC (chi-sigma), XP (chi-ro) and XPC (chi-rho-sigma) for Christ (Greek Christos). Here "C" represents the "lunate" form of Greek sigma; sigma could also be transcribed into the Latin alphabet by sound, giving IHS and XPS.
This tradition is also observed in Old Nubian and Cyrillic manuscripts. See titlo.
Contents |
List of Greek Nomina Sacra
| - English meaning - | - Greek Word - | - Nominative (Subject) - | - Genitive (Possessive) - |
|---|---|---|---|
| God | Θεος | ΘΥ | ΘΣ |
| Lord | Κυριος | ΚΣ | ΚΥ |
| Jesus | Ιησους | ΙΣ | ΙΥ |
| Christ/Messiah | Χριστος | ΧΣ | ΧΥ |
| Son | Υιος | ΥΣ | ΥΥ |
| Spirit/Ghost | Πνευμα | ΠΝΑ | ΠΝΣ |
| David | Δαυειδ | ΔΑΔ | |
| Cross/Stake | Σταυρος | ΣΤΣ | ΣΤΥ |
| Mother | Μητηρ | ΜΗΡ | ΜΗΣ |
| Father | Πατηρ | ΠΗΡ | ΠΡΣ |
| Israel | Ισραηλ | ΙΗΛ | |
| Savior/Saviour | Σωτηρ | ΣΗΡ | ΣΡΣ |
| Man | Ανθρωπος | ΑΝΟΣ | ΑΝΟΥ |
| Jerusalem | Ιερουσαλημ | ΙΛΗΜ | |
| Heaven/Heavens | Ουρανος | ΟΥΝΟΣ | ΟΥΝΟΥ |
List of New Testament Greek Manuscripts Containing Nomina Sacra From the First Three Centuries[3]
| Greek Manuscript | Date of Manuscript | Nomina Sacra Used |
|---|---|---|
 1 (P. Oxy. 2)
| 250 CE | ΙΥ ΙΣ ΧΥ ΥΥ ΚΥ ΠΝΣ |
| 4 (Suppl. Gr. 1120)
| 66 CE - 175 CE | ΘΣ ΘΥ ΚΥ ΚΣ ΠΝΙ ΠΝΟΣ ΠΝΑ ΧΣ ΙΥ ΙΣ |
| 5 (P. Oxy. 208 + 1781)
| 200 CE | ΙΗΝ ΙΗΣ ΠΡ ΠΡΑ ΠΡΣ ΘΥ |
| 9 (P. Oxy. 402)
| 200 CE - 300 CE | ΘΣ ΧΡΣ |
| 12 (P. Amherst. 3b)
| 250 CE - 300 CE | ΘΣ |
| 13 (P. Oxy. 657 + PSI 1292)
| 225 CE - 250 CE | ΘΣ ΘΝ ΘΥ ΘΩ ΙΣ ΙΝ ΙΥ ΚΣ ΚΥ |
| 15 (P. Oxy. 1008)
| 250 CE - 300 CE | ΚΩ ΚΥ ΧΥ ΑΝΩΝ ΑΝΩ ΠΝΑ ΘΝ ΚΜΟΥ |
| 16 (P. Oxy. 1009)
| 250 CE - 300 CE | ΘΥ ΙΥ ΧΩ |
| 17(P. Oxy. 1078)
| 250 CE | Θ |
| 18 (P. Oxy. 1079)
| 250 CE - 300 CE | ΙΗ ΧΡ ΘΩ |
| 20 (P. Oxy. 1171)
| 250 CE | ΠΝΣ ΚΝ ΘΥ |
| 22 (P. Oxy. 1228)
| 250 CE | ΠΣ ΠΝΑ ΠΡΣ ΠΡ ΙΗ ΑΝΟΣ |
| 24 (P. Oxy. 1230)
| 275 CE - 300 CE | ΠΝΑ ΘΥ |
| 27 (P. Oxy. 1395)
| 250 CE | ΘΥ ΚΩ |
| 28 (P. Oxy. 1596)
| 275 CE - 300 CE | ΙΣ ΙΝ |
| 29 (P. Oxy. 1597)
| 200 CE - 225 CE | ΘΣ ΘΝ |
| 30 (P. Oxy. 1598)
| 200 CE | ΚΥ ΚΝ ΘΩ ΙΗ |
| 32 (P. Rylands 5)
| 150 CE - 200 CE | ΘΥ |
| 35 (PSI 1)
| 200 CE - 300 CE | ΚΣ ΚΥ |
| 37 (P. Mich. Inv. 1570)
| 250 CE | ΚΕ ΙΗΣ ΠΝΑ ΙΗΣΥ |
| 38 (P. Mich. Inv. 1571)
| 175 CE - 225 CE | ΧΡΝ ΠΝΑ ΚΥ ΙΗΝ ΙΗΥ ΠΝΤΑ |
| 39 (P. Oxy. 1780)
| 200 CE - 250 CE | ΠΗΡ ΠΡΑ ΙΗΣ |
| 40 (P.Heldelberg G. 645)
| 200 CE - 300 CE | ΘΣ ΘΥ ΘΝ ΙΥ ΧΩ ΧΥ |
| 45 (P. Chester Beatty I)
| 200 CE | ΚΕ ΚΣ ΚΝ ΚΥ ΣΡΝΑΙ ΙΗ ΙΥ ΙΗΣ ΠΡ ΠΡΣ ΠΡΑ ΠΡΙ ΘΥ ΘΝ ΘΩ ΘΣ ΠΝΙ ΠΝΣ ΠΝΑ ΥΝ ΥΕ ΥΣ ΥΩ ΣΡΝ ΧΡ |
| 46 (P. Chester Beatty II + P. Mich. Inv. 6238) | 80 CE - 150 CE | ΚΕ ΚΝ ΚΥ ΚΩ ΚΣ ΧΡΩ ΧΡΥ ΧΡΝ ΧΝ ΧΣ ΧΩ ΧΥ ΧΡΣ ΙΗΥ ΙΗΝ ΙΗΣ ΘΩ ΘΥ ΘΝ ΘΣ
ΠΝΑ ΠΝΙ ΠΝΣ ΥΙΥ ΥΙΝ ΥΙΣ ΥΝ ΣΤΡΕΣ ΣΤΡΝ ΣΤΡΩ ΣΤΡΟΣ ΣΤΡΟΥ ΕΣΤΡΟΝ ΕΣΤΡΑΙ ΕΣΤΑΝ ΣΤΟΥ ΑΙΜΑ ΑΝΟΥ ΑΝΟΝ ΑΝΟΣ ΑΝΩΝ ΑΝΟΙΣ ΠΡΙ ΠΗΡ ΠΡΑ ΠΡΣ ΙΥ |
| 47 (P.Cheaster Beatty III)
| 250 CE - 300 CE | ΘΥ ΘΣ ΘΝ ΘΩ ΑΘΝ ΚΣ ΚΕ ΚΥ ΕΣΤΡΩ ΠΝΑ ΧΥ ΠΡΣ |
| 48 (PSI 1165)
| 200 CE - 300 CE | ΥΣ |
| 49 (P.Yale 415 + 531)
| 250 CE | ΚΩ ΘΥ ΘΣ ΙΥ ΠΝ ΧΣ ΧΥ ΧΩ |
| 50 (P. Yal 1543)
| 275 CE - 300 CE | ΙΛΗΜ ΠΝΑ ΑΝΟΣ ΘΣ ΘΥ |
| 53 (P. Mich. inv. 6652
| 260 CE | ΠΡΣ ΙΗΣ ΠΕΡ ΚΝ |
| 64 (Gr. 17)
| 66 CE - 175 CE | ΙΣ |
| 65 (PSI XIV 1373)
| 250 CE | ΧΥ ΘΣ |
| 66 (P. Bodmer II + Inv. Nr. 4274/4298 | 90 CE - 130 CE | ΚΣ ΚΥ ΚΕ ΘΣ ΘΝ ΘΥ ΘΩ ΙΣ ΙΝ ΙΥ ΧΣ ΧΝ ΧΝ ΥΣ ΥΝ ΥΩ ΠΝΑ ΠΝΙ ΠΝΣ ΠΗΡ ΠΡΑ ΠΡΣ
ΠΡΙ ΠΕΡ ΠΡΕΣ ΑΝΟΣ ΑΝΟΝ ΑΝΟΥ ΑΝΩΝ ΑΝΩ ΑΝΟΙΣ ΑΝΟΥΣ ΣΡΩ ΣΡΟΝ ΣΡΟΥ ΣΡΘΗ ΣΡΑΤΕ ΣΡΩΣΩ ΕΣΡΑΝ ΕΣΡΘΗ |
| 69 (P. Oxy. 2383)
| 250 CE | ΙΗΝ |
| 70 (P. Oxy. 2384 + PSI Inv. CNR 419, 420) | 250 - 300 CE | ΥΝ ΙΣ ΠΗΡ |
| 72 (P. Bodmer VII and VIII)
| 250 - 300CE | ΙΥ ΙΗΥ ΙΗΝ ΧΡΥ ΧΡΝ ΧΡΣ ΧΡΩ ΘΥ ΘΣ ΘΝ ΘΩ ΠΡΣ ΠΑΡ ΠΤΡΑ ΠΡΙ ΠΝΣ
ΠΝΑ ΠΝΑΙ ΠΝΙ ΠΝΤΙ ΚΥ ΚΣ ΚΝ ΚΩ ΑΝΟΙ |
| 75 (P. Bodmer XIV and XV)
| 125 CE - 190 CE | |
| 78 (P. Oxy 2684)
| 250 CE - 300 CE | ΚΝ ΙΗΝ ΙΗΝ ΧΡΝ |
| 90 (P. Oxy 3523)
| 150 CE - 175 CE | ΙΗΣ |
| 91 (P. Mil. Vogl. Inv. 1224 + P. Macquarie Inv. 360)
| 250 CE | ΘΥ ΘΣ ΠΡΣ ΧΡΝ ΙΗΝ |
| 92 (P. Narmuthis 69.39a + 69.229a)
| 250 CE - 275 CE | ΧΡΩ ΚΥ ΘΥ |
| 100 (P. Oxy 4449)
| 275 CE - 300 CE | ΚΥ ΚΣ |
| 101 (P. Oxy 4401)
| 200 CE - 250 CE | ΥΣ ΠΝΑ ΠΝΙ |
| 106 (P. Oxy 4445)
| 200 CE - 250 CE | ΠΝΑ ΠΝΙ ΧΡΣ ΙΗΝ ΙΗΣ |
| 108 (P. Oxy 4447)
| 175 CE - 200 CE | ΙΗΣ ΙΗΝ |
| 110 (P. Oxy. 4494)
| 250 CE - 300 CE | ΚΣ |
| 111 (P. Oxy 4495)
| 200 CE - 250 CE | ΙΗΥ |
| 113 (P. Oxy. 4497)
| 200 CE - 300 CE | ΠΝΙ |
| 114 (P. Oxy. 4498)
| 250 CE - 300 CE | ΘΣ |
| 115 (P. Oxy. 4499)
| 225 CE - 275 CE | ΙΗΛ ΑΥΤΟΥ ΠΡΣ ΘΩ ΘΥ ΑΝΩΝ ΠΝΑ ΟΥΝΟΥ ΟΥΝΟΝ ΚΥ ΘΝ ΑΝΟΥ ΟΥΝΩ |
| 121 (P. Oxy. 4805)
| 250 CE | ΙΣ ΜΗΙ |
| 0162 (P. Oxy 847) | 275 CE - 300 CE | ΙΗΣ ΙΣ ΠΡΣ |
| 0171 (PSI 2.124) | 275 CE - 300 CE | ΚΣ ΙΗΣ |
| 0189 (P. Berlin 11765) | 175 CE - 200 CE | ΑΝΟΣ ΠΝΑ ΚΥ ΚΩ ΙΛΗΜ ΘΩ ΙΣΗΛ |
| 0220 (MS 113) | 275 CE - 300 CE | ΚΝ ΙΥ ΙΝ ΧΥ ΘΥ |
References
- 1. Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts - Philip Comfort and David Barett (1999) pp.34-35
- 2. Institute for Religious Research: The Tetragrammaton and the Christian Greek Scriptures, Appendix K: Nomina SacraPDF (28.1 KiB)
- 3. All Nomina Sacra and dates of manuscripts taken from Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts - Philip Comfort and David Barett (1999)
Further reading
- Bruce Metzger. Manuscripts of the Greek Bible (1981).
- Philip Comfort and David Barett. Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts (1999).
- A.H.R.E. Paap, Nomina Sacra in the Greek Papyri of the First Five Centuries, Papyrologica Lugduno-Batava VIII (Leiden 1959).
- Ph. Comfort, Encountering the Manuscripts: An Introduction to New Testament Paleography and Textual Criticism, Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2005, pp. 199-253.
- L.W. Hurtado, The Earliest Christian Artifacts: Manuscripts and Christian Origins, Cambridge 2006, pp. 95-134.
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List of New Testament minuscules
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01 · 02 · 03 · 04 · 05 · 06 · 07 · 08 · 09 · 010 · 011 · 012 · 013 · 014 · 015 · 016 · 017 · 018 · 019 · 020 · 021 · 022 · 023 · 024 · 025 · 026 · 027 · 028 · 029 · 030 · 031 · 032 · 033 · 034 · 035 · 036 · 037 · 038 · 039 · 040 · 041 · 042 · 043 · 044 · 045 · 046 · 047 · 048 · 049 · 050 · 051 · 052 · 053 · 054 · 055 · 056 · 057 · 058 · 059 · 060 · 061 · 062 · 063 · 064 · 065 · 066 · 067 · 068 · 069 · 070 · 071 · 072 · 073 · 074 · 075 · 076 · 077 · 078 · 079 · 080 · 081 · 082 · 083 · 084 · 085 · 086 · 087 · 088 · 089 · 090 · 091 · 092 · 093 · 094 · 095 · 096 · 097 · 098 · 099 · 0100 · 0101 · 0102 · 0103 · 0104 · 0105 · 0106 · 0107 · 0108 · 0109 · 0110 · 0111 · 0112 · 0113 · 0114 · 0115 · 0116 · 0117 · 0118 · 0119 · 0120 · 0121 · 0122 · 0123 · 0124 · 0125 · 0126 · 0127 · 0128 · 0129 · 0130 · 0131 · 0132 · 0134 · 0135 · 0136 · 0137 · 0138 · 0139 · 0140 · 0141 · 0142 · 0143 · 0144 · 0145 · 0146 · 0147 · 0148 · 0149 · 0150 · 0151 · 0152 · 0153 · 0154 · 0155 · 0156 · 0157 · 0158 · 0159 · 0160 · 0161 · 0162 · 0163 · 0164 · 0165 · 0166 · 0167 · 0168 · 0169 · 0170 · 0171 · 0172 · 0173 · 0174 · 0175 · 0176 · 0177 · 0178 · 0179 · 0180 · 0181 · 0182 · 0183 · 0184 · 0185 · 0186 · 0187 · 0188 · 0189 · 0190 · 0191 · 0192 · 0193 · 0194 · 0195 · 0196 · 0197 · 0198 · 0199 · 0200 · 0201 · 0202 · 0203 · 0204 · 0205 · 0206 · 0207 · 0208 · 0209 · 0210 · 0211 · 0212 · 0213 · 0214 · 0215 · 0216 · 0217 · 0218 · 0219 · 0220 · 0221 · 0222 · 0223 · 0224 · 0225 · 0226 · 0227 · 0228 · 0229 · 0230 · 0231 · 0232 · 0234 · 0235 · 0236 · 0237 · 0238 · 0239 · 0240 · 0241 · 0242 · 0243 · 0244 · 0245 · 0246 · 0247 · 0248 · 0249 · 0250 · 0251 · 0252 · 0253 · 0254 · 0255 · 0256 · 0257 · 0258 · 0259 · 0260 · 0261 · 0262 · 0263 · 0264 · 0265 · 0266 · 0267 · 0268 · 0269 · 0270 · 0271 · 0272 · 0273 · 0274 · 0275 · 0276 · 0277 · 0278 · 0279 · 0280 · 0281 · 0282 · 0283 · 0284 · 0285 · 0286 · 0287 · 0288 · 0289 · 0290 · 0291 · 0292 · 0293 · 0294 · 0295 · 0296 · 0297 · 0298 · 0299 · 0300 · 0301 · 0302 · 0303 · 0304 · 0305 · 0306 · 0307 · 0308 · 0309 · 0310 · 0311 · 0312 · 0313 · 0314 · 0315 · 0316 · 0317 · 0318 · 0319 · 0320 · 0321 · 0322 · 0323 ·
List of New Testament lectionaries
1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 25b · 26 · 27 · 28 · 29 · 30 · 31 · 32 · 33 · 34 · 35 · 36 · 37 · 38 · 39 · 40 · 41 · 42 · 43 · 44 · 45 · 46 · 47 · 48 · 49 · 50 · 51 · 52 · 53 · 54 · 55 · 56 · 57 · 58 · 59 · 60 · 61 · 62 · 63 · 64 · 65 · 66 · 67 · 68 · 69 · 70 · 71 · 72 · 73 · 74 · 75 · 76 · 77 · 78 · 79 · 80 · 81 · 82 · 83 · 84 · 85 · 86 · 87 · 88 · 89 · 90 · 91 · 92 · 93 · 94 · 95 · 96 · 97 · 98 · 99 · 100 · 101 · 102 · 103 · 104 · 105 · 106 · 107 · 108 · 109 · 110 · 111 · 112 · 113 · 114 · 115 · 116 · 117 · 118 · 119 · 120 · 121 · 122 · 123 · 124 · 125 · 126 · 127 · 128 · 129 · 130 · 131 · 132 · 133 · 134 · 135 · 136 · 137 · 138 · 139 · 140 · 141 · 142 · 143 · 144 · 145 · 146 · 147 · 148 · 149 · 150 · 151 · 152 · 153 · 154 · 155 · 156 · 157 · 158 · 159 · 160 · 161 · 162 · 163 · 164 · 165 · 166 · 167 · 168 · 169 · 170 · 171 · 172 · 173 · 174 · 175 · 176 · 177 · 178 · 179 · 180 · 181 · 182 · 183 · 184 · 185 · 186 · 187 · 188 · 189 · 190 · 191 · 192 · 193 · 194 · 195 · 196 · 197 · 198 · 199 · 200 · 201 · 202 · 203 · 204 · 205 · 206a · 206b · 207 · 208 · 209 · 210 · 211 · 212 · 213 · 214 · 215 · 216 · 217 · 218 · 219 · 220 · 221 · 222 · 223 · 224 · 225 · 226 · 227 · 228 · 229 · 230 · 231 · 232 · 233 · 234 · 235 · 236 · 237 · 238 · 239 · 240 · 241 · 242 · 243 · 244 · 245 · 246 · 247 · 248 · 249 · 250 · 251 · 252 · 253 · 254 · 255 · 256 · 257 · 258 · 259 · 260 · 261 · 262 · 263 · 264 · 265 · 266 · 267 · 268 · 269 · 270 · 271 · 272 · 273 · 274 · 275 · 276 · 277 · 278 · 279 · 280 · 281 · 282 · 283 · 284 · 285 · 286 · 287 · 288 · 289 · 290 · 291 · 292 · 293 · 294 · 295 · 296 · 297 · 298 · 299 · 300 · 301 · 302 · 303 · 304 · 305 · 306 · 307 · 308 · 309 · 310 · 311 · 312 · 313 · 314 · 315 · 316 · 317 · 318 · 319 · 320 · 321 · 322 · 323 · 324 · 325 · 326 · 327 · 328 · 329 · 330 · 331 · 332 · 368 · 449 · 451 · 501 · 502 · 542 · 560 · 561 · 562 · 563 · 564 · 648 · 649 · 809 · 965 · 1033 · 1358 · 1386 · 1491 · 1423 · 1561 · 1575 · 1598 · 1599 · 1602 · 1604 · 1614 · 1619 · 1623 · 1637 · 1681 · 1682 · 1683 · 1684 · 1685 · 1686 · 1691 · 1813 · 1839 · 1965 · 1966 · 1967 · 2005 · 2137 · 2138 · 2139 · 2140 · 2141 · 2142 · 2143 · 2144 · 2145 · 2164 · 2208 · 2210 · 2211 · 2260 · 2261 · 2263 · 2264 · 2265 · 2266 · 2267 · 2276 · 2307 · 2321 · 2352 · 2404 · 2405 · 2406 · 2411 · 2412 ·
