2 Thessalonians 2:3

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-	* '''[[2 Thessalonians 2:3 Greek NT: Beza's Textus Receptus (1598)|    ΠΡΟΣ ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΕΙΣ Β΄  2:3]]''' μή τις ὑμᾶς ἐξαπατήσῃ κατὰ μηδένα τρόπον ὅτι ἐὰν μὴ ἔλθῃ ἡ ἀποστασία πρῶτον καὶ ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας	+	<center><< - [[2 Thessalonians 2:2]] - [[2 Thessalonians 2:4]] - >></center>
-	<small>''([[Textus Receptus (1598)|Textus Receptus]], [[Theodore Beza]], [[1598 AD|1598]])''</small>	+	* '''[[2 Thessalonians 2:3 Greek NT: Beza's Textus Receptus (1598)|ΠΡΟΣ ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΕΙΣ Β΄ 2:3]]''' [[3361|Μή]] [[5100|τις]] [[5209|ὑμᾶς]] [[1818|ἐξαπατήσῃ]] [[2596|κατὰ]] [[3367|μηδένα]] [[5158|τρόπον]]· [[3754|ὅτι]] [[1437|ἐὰν]] [[3361|μὴ]] [[2064|ἔλθῃ]] [[3588|ἡ]] [[646|ἀποστασία]] [[4412|πρῶτον]], [[2532|καὶ]] [[601|ἀποκαλυφθῇ]] [[3588|ὁ]] [[444|ἄνθρωπος]] [[3588|τῆς]] [[266|ἁμαρτίας]], [[3588|ὁ]] [[5207|υἱὸς]] [[3588|τῆς]] [[684|ἀπωλείας]],
		+
		+	{{Textus Receptus 1598 Footer}}
-	* ''' 2 Thessalonians 2:3 ''' Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition;	+	* ''' 2 Thessalonians 2:3 ''' [[3361|Let no]] [[5100|man]] [[1818|deceive]] [[5209|you]] [[2596|by]] [[3367|any]] [[5158|means]]: [[3754|for]] ''that'' ''day'' ''shall'' ''not'' ''come'', [[3362|except]] [[2064|there come]] [[646|a falling away]] [[4412|first]], [[2532|and]] [[444|that man]] [[266|of sin]] [[601|be revealed]], [[3588|the]] [[5207|son]] [[684|of perdition]];
-	<small>''([[King James Version]], [[Pure Cambridge Edition]] [[1900 AD|1900]])''</small>	+	{{King James Version Pure Cambridge Edition Footer}}
-	* '''[[ 2 Thessalonians 2:3 (TRV)|2 Thessalonians 2:3]]''' Let no one deceive you by any means: for that Day will not come, unless a falling away comes first, and that man of sin is revealed, the son of perdition,	+	* '''[[ 2 Thessalonians 2:3 King James Version 2016|2 Thessalonians 2:3]]''' [[3361|Let no]] [[5100|one]] [[1818|deceive]] [[5209|you]] [[2596|by]] [[3367|any]] [[5158|means]]; [[3754|because]], ''that Day will not come'' [[3362|unless]] [[646|a falling away]] [[2064|comes]] [[4412|first]], [[2532|and]] [[444|that man]] [[266|of sin]] [[601|is revealed]], [[3588|the]] [[5207|son]] [[684|of perdition]],
-	<small>''([[Textus Receptus Version]])''</small>	+	{{King James Version 2016 Edition}}
	==Interlinear==		==Interlinear==
	==Commentary==		==Commentary==
		+	====Variants====
		+	:ανομιας (lawlessness) – א B 0278 6 81 88mg 104 326 365 436 1739 1881 2127 2464 ℓ1365 itm co
		+	:αμαρτιας (sinfulness) – A D G K L P Ψ 88* 181 330 451 614 629 630 1241 1877 1962 1984 1985 2492 2495 Byz Lect lat syr Irenaeuslat Eusebius
		+
		+	====falling away====
		+
		+	''See also: [[Apostasia]]''
		+
		+	ἀποστασία, translated as ''a falling away'' [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.99989/page/n54/mode/1up] in the King James Version.
		+
		+	Just as the word ''apologia'' may be erroneously defined by English speaking people as "apologizing", so too many monolingual folks place the narrow English definition of "apostasy" in the place of the larger and more vibrant Greek definition of a departure/falling away.
		+
		+	The English word “farther” is used to refer to physical distances, whereas further refers to figurative and nonphysical distances, as in the word furthermore. Farther is the comparative of “far,” whereas “further” is comparative of “forth.” “Farther” is mostly concerned with distance, whereas “further” is concerned with abstract and metaphorical contexts. To further something as in encourage growth and progress. This is said to be the issue with ἀποστασία, some say it is only every an abstract departure, "from faith" etc., while aphistemi is said to be primarily a physical departure.
		+
		+	‘apostasia’ comes from - ‘aphistemi’ which is ‘apo’ - ‘from’ and ‘histemi’ - ‘to stand; to place’.
		+
		+	The term "falling away" has a historical and theological significance in English, particularly within the context of religious discourse. Its meaning has evolved over the years, reflecting changes in religious beliefs and interpretations:
		+
		+	Early Christian Usage: The phrase "falling away" finds its roots in biblical texts, specifically in the New Testament. In the Greek language of the New Testament, the term "apostasia" is used, which means "defection" [https://www.etymonline.com/word/defection] or "rebellion." [https://www.etymonline.com/word/rebellion#etymonline_v_36896] In 2 Thessalonians 2:3, the Apostle Paul refers to a future "falling away" before the second coming of Christ.
		+
		+	Reformation Era: During the Reformation in the 16th century, the concept of "falling away" gained prominence as various Christian groups sought to reform the Catholic Church. The term was used to describe perceived departures from true faith and adherence to the teachings of the early Christian church.
		+
		+	Protestant Interpretations: In Protestant theology, the idea of "falling away" has been associated with the concept of apostasy. It refers to the act of renouncing or abandoning one's faith or departing from orthodox Christian beliefs. Protestant theologians and preachers have often warned about the dangers of falling away from the true faith and have emphasized the need for steadfastness and perseverance.
		+
		+	Evolving Interpretations: Over the centuries, interpretations of the term "falling away" have varied within different Christian traditions. Some interpret it as a reference to a general decline in religious fervor or a departure from moral values within society. Others understand it as a specific event or period of apostasy that precedes significant eschatological events.
		+
		+	It is worth noting that the term "falling away" has also been used in non-religious contexts to describe a departure or separation from various beliefs, ideologies, or societal norms.
		+
		+	In summary, the term "falling away" has been used within Christian theology to describe the act of departing from or abandoning the faith. Its meaning and significance have evolved over time, reflecting the changing interpretations and theological perspectives within Christianity.
		+
		+	Some erroneous quotations include:
		+	* 1) '''the great''' falling away
		+	* 2) '''the''' falling away
		+	* 3) '''the''' falling away '''from the faith'''
		+	* 4) '''the great''' falling away '''from the faith'''
		+
		+	====[[Acts 21:21]]====
		+	[[Image:Acts 21.21 KJV 1611 Red.JPG|300px|thumb|right|250px|Acts 21:21 in the [[1611 AD|1611]] [[King James Version]]]]
		+	In Acts 21:21 the word ἀποστασία is translated as ''forsake''.
		+	* [[Acts 21:21]] And they are informed of thee, that thou teachest all the Jews which are among the Gentiles to '''<u>forsake</u>''' Moses, saying that they ought not to circumcise their children, neither to walk after the customs.
		+
		+	[[Scriptures Containing Forsake]]
		+	====Other Translations====
		+
		+	* [[1382 AD|1382]] For but dissencioun come first (Wycliffe)
		+	* [[1534 AD|1534]] excepte ther come a departynge fyrst (Tyndale)
		+	* [[1535 AD|1535]] excepte the departynge come first (Coverdale Bible)
		+	* [[1537 AD|1537]] except there come a departyng first (Matthew's Bible)
		+	* [[1539 AD|1539]] excepte ther come a departynge fyrst (Great Bible)
		+	* [[1560 AD|1560]] except there come a departing first (Geneva Bible)
		+	* [[1568 AD|1568]] excepte there come a fallyng away first (Bishops Bible)
		+	* [[1611 AD|1611]] except there come a falling away first (KJV)
		+	* [[1833 AD|1833]] except there come a falling away first (Webster's)
		+	* [[1876 AD|1876]] except an apostasy come first (Julia E. Smith)
		+	* [[1862 AD|1862]] if the falling away may not come first (Young's)
		+	* [[1952 AD|1952]] unless the rebellion comes first, (RSV)
		+	* until the rebellion occurs (NIV) (first omitted)
		+	* until the rebellion occurs (NIVUK) (first omitted)
		+	* [[1982 AD|1982]] unless the falling away comes first (NKJV)
		+	* [[1993 AD|1993]] unless first comes the falling away, (Greens)
		+	* until many people turn away from God (NLV)
		+	* until there is a great rebellion against God (NLT)
		+	* unless the apostasy comes first (NASB)
		+	* unless the apostasy comes first (NASB 1995)
		+	* before the final rebellion occurs (NCB)
		+	* until the rebellion comes (NET)
		+	* unless the rebellion comes first (ESV)
		+	* unless a revolt takes place first (GW)
		+	* unless the apostasy comes first (HCSB)
		+	* until the turning away from God happens (ICB)
		+	* unless the rebellion takes place first (ISV)
		+	* before there arises a definite rejection of God (Phillips)
		+	* First, the Apostasy. (Message)
		+	* [[2009 AD|2009]] unless the falling away comes first (English Majority Text Version)
		+	* [[2014 AD|2014]] unless a falling away comes first (MEV)
		+	* unless the rebellion comes first (Mounce)
		+	* until people rise up against God. (NIRV)
		+	* unless the Merid (Rebellion, Revolt, the [Anti-Moshiach] Shmad Betrayal Defection of Apostasy, the Azivah Abandonment) Desertion comes rishonah (first), (OJB)
		+	* unless an apostasy comes first (RGT)
		+	* unless the rebellion comes first (WEB)
		+
		+	====A non-spatial noun?====
		+	The word "ἀποστασία" (apostasia) in its original Greek form does not inherently imply a non-spatial meaning. The term itself is neutral and can be used in both spatial and non-spatial contexts.
		+
		+	While "ἀποστασία" can be translated as an "apostasy" in religious or theological discussions, its precise meaning can vary depending on the specific context in which it is used. In some cases, it may refer to a spiritual or moral deviation from a particular belief or doctrine, which would be considered a non-spatial concept. However, it can also be used in a more general sense to denote a physical departure or separation from a location or group, which would then be considered a spatial application of the term.
		+
		+	Therefore, it is essential to consider the specific ''context'' in which "ἀποστασία" is used to determine whether it carries a spatial or non-spatial meaning.
		+
		+	====ἀποστασία and ἀφίστασις====
		+	Despite what several popular preachers claim, ἀφίστασις (aphistasis) and ἀποστασία (apostasia) are related terms in Greek. They share a common root, ἵστημι (histēmi), which means "to stand" or "to cause to stand." Both words are derived from this root, but they have slightly different nuances in meaning.
		+
		+	ἀφίστασις (aphistasis) is a noun derived from the verb ἀφίστημι (aphistēmi), which means "to withdraw" or "to stand away from." It carries the sense of physically moving away or departing from a location or position. In a figurative sense, it can also denote a departure or separation from a specific belief or course of action. ἀποστασία (apostasia), on the other hand, is derived from the verb ἀφίστημι (aphistēmi) with the prefix ἀπό (apo), which often signifies "away" or "from." ἀποστασία primarily conveys the idea of a departure, falling away, or rebellion in a broader sense.
		+
		+	While there is a clear etymological connection between ἀφίστασις and ἀποστασία, the latter term has become more commonly associated with the theological concept of apostasy merely due to how it has been interpreted over the years. It is important to note that the specific usage and meaning of these terms can vary based on the context in which they are used.
		+
		+	====Septuagint usage of ἀποστασία====
		+	[[Image:Joshua 22.22 KJV 1611 Red.JPG|300px|thumb|right|250px|Joshua 22:22 in the [[1611 AD|1611]] [[King James Version]]]]
		+	The word ἀποστασία appears in the Greek LXX in [[Joshua 22:22]], [[2 Chronicles 29:19]], and [[Jeremiah 2:19]].
		+
		+	;[[Joshua 22:22]] בְּמֶ֤רֶד
		+
		+	*<big>אֵל אֱלֹהִים יְהוָה אֵל אֱלֹהִים יְהוָה הוּא יֹדֵעַ וְיִשְׂרָאֵל הוּא יֵדָע אִם־ '''בְּמֶרֶד''' וְאִם־בְּמַעַל בַּֽיהוָה אַל־תּוֹשִׁיעֵנוּ הַיּוֹם הַזֶּֽה׃</big> (Masoretic Text)
		+
		+	*Ὁ θεὸς θεός ἐστιν Κύριος, καὶ ὁ θεὸς θεὸς αὐτὸς οἶδεν, καὶ Ἰσραὴλ αὐτὸς γνώσεται· εἰ ἐν '''<u>ἀποστασίᾳ</u>''' ἐπλημμελήσαμεν ἔναντι τοῦ κυρίου, μὴ ῥύσαιτο ἡμᾶς ἐν ταύτῃ· (Swete's Septuagint)
		+
		+	*The LORD, the Mighty One, is God! The LORD, the Mighty One, is God! He knows, and may Israel also know. If this was '''<u>in rebellion</u>''' or breach of faith against the LORD, do not spare us today. (Brenton LXX)
		+
		+	*The LORD God of gods, the LORD God of gods, he knoweth, and Israel he shall know; if it be '''<u>in rebellion</u>''', or if in transgression against the LORD, (save us not this day,) (KJV)
		+
		+	:...if we bildiden this auter for entent of trespassyng, `that is, of ydolatrye... (Wycliffe Bible 1382)
		+
		+	:...yf this be a trangressynge or trespacynge agaynst the LORDE... (Coverdale Bible 1535)
		+
		+	:...yf it be to '''<u>rebelle</u>''' or transgresse agaynste the Lorde... (Matthew's Bible 1537)
		+
		+	:...If it be to '''<u>rebelle</u>''', or to transgresse agaynst the Lorde... (The Great Bible 1539)
		+
		+	:...if by '''<u>rebellion</u>''', or by transgression against ye Lord we haue done it... (Geneva Bible 1560)
		+
		+	:...yf it be to '''<u>rebell</u>''' or to transgresse against the Lorde... (Bishops Bible 1568)
		+
		+	:...if it be in '''<u>rebellion</u>''', or if in transgression against the LORD... (King James Version 1611)
		+
		+	A rebel is a separatist.
		+
		+	[[Image:2 Chronicles 29.19 KJV 1611 Red.JPG|300px|thumb|right|250px|2 Chronicles 29:19 in the [[1611 AD|1611]] [[King James Version]]]]
		+	;[[2 Chronicles 29:19]]
		+
		+	The report to Hezekiah explicitly mentioned Ahaz who removed the temple utensils from Solomon's temple, which in post-exilic times were continued to be used in the second temple, after being returned by the Persians to those who resettled Jerusalem. While the scriptures are translated from the Hebrew, many times those claiming ἀποστασίᾳ always means a non-spatial sense are rejecting the clear translation of the word which is translated from the Hebrew הִזְנִיחַ. In this instance, the vessels were taken from the temple by Ahaz and then later were restored back to the temple. This alone shows that הִזְנִיחַ being translated in the LXX as ἀποστασίᾳ here is clearly spatial. 2 Chronicles 28 says:
		+	:22  And in the time of his distress did he trespass yet more against the LORD: this is that king Ahaz. 23  For he sacrificed unto the gods of Damascus, which smote him: and he said, Because the gods of the kings of Syria help them, therefore will I sacrifice to them, that they may help me. But they were the ruin of him, and of all Israel. 24  And Ahaz '''<u>gathered together</u>''' the vessels of the house of God, and cut in pieces the vessels of the house of God, and shut up the doors of the house of the LORD, and he made him altars in every corner of Jerusalem. 25  And in every several city of Judah he made high places to burn incense unto other gods, and provoked to anger the LORD God of his fathers.
		+
		+	The “gathered together” (0622 אסף 'acaph ) here, which is the original story of 2 Chronicles 29:19 – “which king Ahaz in his reign did cast away in his transgression”, means in the AV - together 51, gather 86, assemble 15, rereward 5, misc 51; 200. [http://lexiconcordance.com/hebrew/0622.html]
		+
		+	This means that firstly, ἀποστασίᾳ here is akin to הִזְנִיחַ, and this means to be “cast away”, and secondly, in the context, when retroactively speaking about when Ahaz transgressed, the term “gathered together” is used.
		+	Just this alone destroys the concept that ἀποστασίᾳ "never means physical departure”, as Alan Kurshner claims.
		+
		+	*<big>וְאֵת כָּל־הַכֵּלִים אֲשֶׁר '''הִזְנִיחַ''' הַמֶּלֶךְ אָחָז בְּמַלְכוּתוֹ בְּמַעֲלוֹ הֵכַנּוּ וְהִקְדָּשְׁנוּ וְהִנָּם לִפְנֵי מִזְבַּח יְהוָה ס</big> (Masoretic Text)
		+
		+	*Moreover all the vessels, which king Ahaz in his reign did cast away in his transgression, have we prepared and sanctified, and, behold, they are before the altar of the LORD. (KJV)
		+
		+	*καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη ἃ ἐμίανεν Ἄχας ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ '''<u>ἀποστασίᾳ</u>''' αὐτοῦ ἡτοιμάκαμεν καὶ ἡγνίκαμεν· ἰδού ἐστιν ἐναντίον τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου Κυρίου. (Swete's Septuagint)
		+
		+	*and all the vessels which king Achaz polluted in his reign, in his '''<u>apostasy</u>''', we have prepared and purified: behold, they are before :the altar of the Lord. (Brenton LXX)
		+
		+	:...which purtenaunce king Achaz hadde '''<u>defoulid</u>''' in his rewme, aftir that he brak the lawe... (Wycliffe Bible 1382)
		+
		+	:...that kynge Achas '''<u>cast awaye</u>''' wha he was kynge, what tyme as he transgressed... (Coverdale Bible 1535)
		+
		+	:...whyche kyng Ahaz dyd '''<u>cast a syde</u>''' when he raygned and transgressed... (Matthew's Bible 1537)
		+
		+	:...which kyng Ahaz did '''<u>cast a syde</u>''' when he raygned & transgressed... (The Great Bible 1539)
		+
		+	:...which King Ahaz had '''<u>cast aside</u>''' when he reigned, and transgressed... (Geneva Bible 1560)
		+
		+	:...which king Ahaz did '''<u>cast aside</u>''', when he raigned, & transgressed... (Bishops Bible 1568)
		+
		+	:...which king Ahaz in his reign did '''<u>cast away</u>''' in his transgression.... (King James Version 1611)
		+
		+	[[Image:Jeremiah 2.19 KJV 1611 Red.JPG|300px|thumb|right|250px|Jeremiah 2.19 in the [[1611 AD|1611]] [[King James Version]]]]
		+	;[[Jeremiah 2:19]]
		+	*παιδεύσει σε ἡ '''<u>ἀποστασία</u>''' σου, καὶ ἡ κακία σου ἐλέγξει σε καὶ γνῶθι καὶ ἰδὲ ὅτι πικρόν σοι τὸ καταλιπεῖν σε ἐμέ λέγει κύριος ὁ θεός σου καὶ οὐκ εὐδόκησα ἐπὶ σοί λέγει κύριος ὁ θεός σου (Swete's Septuagint)
		+
		+	*Thine '''<u>apostasy</u>''' shall correct thee, and thy wickedness shall reprove thee: know then, and see, that thy forsaking me has been bitter to thee, saith the Lord thy God; and I have taken no pleasure in thee, saith the Lord thy God. (Brenton LXX)
		+
		+	*Thine own wickedness shall correct thee, and '''<u>thy backslidings</u>''' shall reprove thee: know therefore and see that it is an evil thing and bitter, that thou hast forsaken the LORD thy God, and that my fear is not in thee, saith the Lord GOD of hosts. (KJV)
		+
		+	*Arguet te malitia tua, et aversio tua increpabit te. Scito et vide, quia malum et amarum est reliquisse te Dominum Deum tuum, et non esse timorem mei apud te, dicit Dominus Deus exercituum. (Clemintine Vulgate)
		+
		+	:...Thine owne wickednesse shal reproue the, and thy '''<u>turnynge awaye</u>''' shal condemne the... (Coverdale Bible 1535)
		+
		+	:...Thyne owne wickednesse shall reproue the, and thy '''<u>turnynge awaye</u>''' shal condemne the... (Matthew's Bible 1537)
		+
		+	:...Thyne awne wickednesse shall reproue the, & thy '''<u>turnynge awaye</u>''' shall condemne the... (The Great Bible 1539)
		+
		+	:...Thine owne wickednes shall correct thee, and thy '''<u>turnings backe</u>''' shall reprooue thee... (Geneva Bible 1560)
		+
		+	:...Thine owne wickednesse shall reproue thee, and thy '''<u>turnyng away</u>''' shall condempne thee... (Bishops Bible 1568)
		+
		+	:...Thine own wickedness shall correct thee, and thy '''<u>backslidings</u>''' shall reprove thee...(King James Version 1611)
		+
		+	[[Image:1 Maccabees 2.15 KJV 1611 Red.JPG|300px|thumb|right|250px|1 Maccabees 2.15 in the [[1611 AD|1611]] [[King James Version]] [[Apocrypha]].]]
		+	;[[1 Maccabees 2:15]]
		+
		+	*καὶ ἦλθον οἱ παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως οἱ καταναγκάζοντες '''<u>τὴν ἀποστασίαν</u>''' εἰς Μωδεϊν τὴν πόλιν ἵνα θυσιάσωσιν (Swete's Septuagint)
		+
		+	* In the mean while the king's officers, such as compelled the people to '''<u>revolt</u>''', came into the city Modin, to make them sacrifice. (Brenton's Septuagint Translation)
		+
		+	*In the mean while the king's officers, such as compelled the people to '''<u>revolt</u>''', came into the city Modin, to make them sacrifice. (KJV 1611)
		+
		+	* And they that were sent from king Antiochus came thither, to compel them that were fled into the city of Modin, to sacrifice, and to burn incense, and '''<u>to depart</u>''' from the law of God. (Douay-Rheims 1899 American Edition)
		+
		+	*Then the king's officers who were enforcing the '''<u>apostasy</u>''' came to the city of Mo′de-in to make them offer sacrifice. (RSV)
		+
		+	:...which purtenaunce king Achaz hadde '''<u>defoulid</u>''' in his rewme, aftir that he brak the lawe... (Wycliffe Bible 1382)
		+
		+	;In the Old Testament
		+	[[Image:Hebrew Apostasy.JPG|300px|thumb|right|250px|Hebrew Apostasy [https://archive.org/details/englishhebrewlex00newmuoft/page/20/mode/2up?view=theater] ]]
		+
		+	====Thucydides====
		+	[[Image:Thucydides ἀποστασία.JPG|300px|thumb|right|250px|Thucydides ἀποστασία]]
		+	:After the '''<u>withdrawal</u>''' of the Argives from the alliance, the Mantineans also, although at first opposed to this course, afterwards, finding themselves unable to hold out without the Argives, likewise made an agreement with the Lacedaemonians and relinquished their sovereignty over the cities [https://archive.org/details/thucydideswithen03thucuoft/page/148/mode/2up]
		+
		+	====Josephus====
		+	:Josephus. Jewish War 7.82
		+	:So when a great part of the Germans had agreed to rebel [ἀποστασίαν], and the rest were no better disposed, Vespasian, as guided by Divine Providence, sent letters to Petilius Cerealis, who had formerly had the command of Germany...
		+
		+	:Josephus. Jewish War 7.164
		+	:Macherus; for it was highly necessary that this citadel should be demolished, lest it might be a means of drawing away many into a rebellion [ἀποστασίαν], by reason of its strength; for the nature of the place was very capable of affording the surest hopes of safety to those that possessed it, as well as delay and fear to those that should attack it...
		+
		+	:Josephus. Life 43
		+	:When John, the son of Levi, saw some of the citizens much elevated upon their revolt [ἀποστασίαν] from the Romans...
		+
		+	====Justin Martyr====
		+	Justin Martyr, dial. cum Tryph. c. 110, p. 203:
		+	:δύο παρουσίαι αὐτοῦ κατηγγελμέναι εισί , μία μὲν ὲν ᾗ παθητὸς καὶ ἄδοξος καὶ ἄτιμος καὶ σταυρούμενος κεκήρυκται , ἡ δὲ δευτέρα ἐν ᾗ μετὰ δόξης ὰπὸ τῶν οὐρανῶν πάρεσται , ὅταν καὶ ὁ τῆς '''<u>ἀποστασίας</u>''' ἄνθρωπος , ὁ καὶ εἰς τὸν ὕψιστον ἔξαλλα λαλῶν , ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἄνομα τολμήσῃ εἰς ἡμᾶς τοὺς Χριστιανούς .
		+	Translated as:
		+	:Two of his appearances have been revealed: one in which he is vulnerable, despised, dishonored, and crucified has been proclaimed, and the second in which he will come with glory from the heavens, when the '''<u>rebellious</u>''' individual, who even dares to speak arrogantly against the Supreme Being, will unlawfully target us Christians on Earth.
		+
		+	====Archimedes of Syracuse====
		+	[[Image:Aristarchus working.jpg|300px|thum|right|Aristarchus's third-century BC calculations on the relative sizes of (from left) the Sun, Earth, and Moon, from a tenth-century AD Greek copy]]
		+	Archimedes of Syracuse (287-212 BC):
		+	:... Ἀρίσταρχος δὲ ὁ Σάμιος ὑποθέσιών τινῶν ἐξέδωκεν γραφάς, ἐν αἷς ἐκ τῶν ὑποκειμένων συμβαίνει τὸν κόσμον πολλαπλάσιον εἶμεν τοῦ νῦν εἰρημένου. Ὑποτίθεται γὰρ τὰ μὲν ἀπλανέα τῶν ἄστρων καὶ τὸν ἅλιον μένειν ἀκίνητον, τὰν δὲ γᾶν περιφέρεσθαι περὶ τὸν ἅλιον κατὰ κύκλου περιφέρειαν, ὅς ἐστιν ἐν μέσῳ τῷ δρόμῳ κείμενος, τὰν δὲ τῶν ἀπλανέων ἄστρων σφαῖραν περὶ τὸ αὐτὸ κέντρον τῷ ἁλίῳ κειμέναν τῷ μεγέθει τηλικαύταν εἶμεν, ὥστε τὸν κύκλον, καθ᾿ ὃν τὰν γᾶν ὑποτίθεται περιφέρεσθαι, τοιαύταν ἔχειν ἀναλογίαν ποτὶ τὰν τῶν ἀπλανέων '''<u>ἀποστασίαν</u>''', οἵαν ἔχει τὸ κέντρον τᾶς σφαίρας ποτὶ τὰν ἐπιφάνειαν. Τοῦτό γʼ εὔδηλον ὡς ἀδύνατόν... [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0552.tlg006.1st1K-grc1:1/]
		+	In his Arenarius published in Basel (1544) Archimedes mentions Aristarchus's heliocentrism as follows:
		+	:...Aristarchus of Samos has set forth writings of certain hypotheses, in which from the things that are established it follows that the universe is many times greater than that now told. For it is proposed that the fixed [ones] of the stars and the sun remain motionless, and that the earth is borne around the sun along the circumference of a circle, [the sun] remaining in the middle of the course, and the sphere of the fixed stars lying around the same center as the sun being of so great a magnitude, that the circle, along which the earth is presumed to be borne, has such a proportion to the '''<u>distance</u>''' of the fixed [ones], as the center of the sphere has to the surface...
		+
		+	====Cyprian====
		+	:Cyprian of Carthage in about 250 AD said:,
		+	:“We who see that terrible things have begun, and know that still more terrible things are imminent, may regard it as the greatest advantage to depart from it as quickly as possible. Do you not give God thanks, do you not congratulate yourself, that by an early departure you are taken away, and delivered from the shipwrecks and disasters that are imminent?”
		+
		+	====Codex Bezae====
		+	[[Image:Acts 21.21 Codex Bezae Greek.JPG|300px|thumb|right|250px|Acts 21:21 Codex Bezae Greek]]
		+	[[Image:Acts 21.21 Codex Bezae Latin.JPG|300px|thumb|right|250px|Acts 21:21 Codex Bezae Latin]]
		+	[[Acts 21:21]] Codex Bezae Greek has ἀποστασία as in 2 Thessalonians 2:3.
		+
		+	https://archive.org/details/romanschismillus00perc/page/348/mode/2up
		+
		+	====Olympiodorus Philosophus====
		+	Olympiodorus Philosophus, a Greek monk, said also to have been a deacon of a church in Alexandria, is believed to have lived in the first part of the 6th century A.D. He was a Peripatetic in philosophy, and wrote a commentary on the Meteorologica of Aristotle, which was printed by Aldus (Venice, 1561, fol.). He is sometimes called the Younger, to distinguish him from the Peripatetic philosopher of the same name who was the master of Proclus, but who is not known to us by any extant work. He also wrote a commentary on Ecclesiastes, which is printed in the Auctarium Patr. Due. 2:602 sq., and in the Bibl. Max. Patr. 18:490. His Notes on Job are included in the Catena of Nicetas on that book (Lond. 1637, fol.); and his Notes on Jeremiah in the Catena Ghisteriana.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympiodorus_the_Younger]
		+
		+	αποστασία appears in ''Olympiodorus Philosophus, Aristotelis Meteora commentaria'', the effect of heat and cold on solids and liquids, the evaporation of liquids. [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=5NgTAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA220&lpg=PA220&dq=%22%CE%BE%CE%B7%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9+%CF%84%E1%BD%B4%CE%BD+%CE%B1%E1%BC%B0%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1%CE%BD+%CF%84%E1%BF%86%CF%82+%E1%BC%80%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82+%CF%84%CE%BF%E1%BF%A6+%E1%BD%91%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%BF%E1%BF%A6%22&source=bl&ots=sQYRn7sNvm&sig=ACfU3U1_LW16bChfsoVp8ouPz9PMNFZ3Xw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwirluG5vsf_AhVBCYgKHRnZB8oQ6AF6BAgWEAM#v=onepage&q=%22%CE%BE%CE%B7%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%20%CF%84%E1%BD%B4%CE%BD%20%CE%B1%E1%BC%B0%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1%CE%BD%20%CF%84%E1%BF%86%CF%82%20%E1%BC%80%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82%20%CF%84%CE%BF%E1%BF%A6%20%E1%BD%91%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%BF%E1%BF%A6%22&f=false]
		+
		+	:<Περὶ μὲν οὖν πηκτοῦ καὶ ἀπήκτου καὶ τηκτοῦ καὶ
		+	:ἀτήκτου εἴρηται μὲν καθόλου πρότερον.>
		+	:319.25
		+	:Τὸ περὶ πηκτοῦ καὶ τηκτοῦ πάλιν ὁ φιλόσοφος ἐπανακεφαλαιοῦται,
		+	:οὐχ ὥς τινες ᾠήθησαν βουλόμενος ἐπιτομὴν ποιήσασθαι τῶν ἀνωτέρω περὶ
		+	:αὐτῶν ἐργωδῶς εἰρημένων· ἀλλὰ τοῦτο ποιεῖ χάριν τοῦ ἐπανορθώσασθαι
		+	:τὸ παχυμερῶς εἰρημένον ἐν τοῖς προλαβοῦσι, ταὐτὸν δ' εἰπεῖν ὅτι ἔλεγε
		+	:τοὺς ἅλας καὶ τὸ νίτρον θερμῷ πήγνυσθαι καὶ ψυχρῷ λύεσθαι. ἔστι δὲ
		+	:319.30
		+	:ἡ ἐπανακεφαλαίωσις τοιαύτη· τῶν πηγνυμένων τὰ μὲν ὕδατός ἐστι, τὰ δὲ
		+	:γῆς. καὶ ὅσα μὲν ὕδατός ἐστιν, ἐκεῖνα ψυχρῷ πήγνυται, ἀπουσίᾳ δ' ὑγρῶν
		+	:320.1
		+	:πήγνυται, τουτέστι ξηρῷ. ἀλλ' ἵνα τὸ μὴ ποιεῖν ὑλικῇ αἰτίᾳ ἀπονέμῃ ὁ
		+	:320.2
		+	:Ἀριστοτέλης, τουτέστι τὴν πῆξιν, τῇ ξηρότητι τὴν αἰτίαν τῆς '''<u>ἀποστασίας</u>'''
		+	:τοῦ ὑγροῦ παρατίθεται καὶ ταύτῃ δίδωσι τὴν πῆξιν, τουτέστι τὴν θερ-
		+	:μότητα. ἡ γὰρ θερμότης ἐξικμάζουσα τὴν ὑγρότητα ποιεῖ τῇ ἀπουσίᾳ τοῦ
		+	:320.5
		+	:ὑγροῦ ξηρότητα, ἥτις πήγνυσι τοὺς ἅλας καὶ τὸ νίτρον, ὡς εἶναι τὰ δύο
		+	:πηγνύντα ταῦτα αἴτια θερμότητα καὶ ξηρότητα. ἀλλὰ πόρρω μὲν αἴτιον ἡ
		+	:θερμότης, προσεχὴς δ' ἡ ξηρότης. εἶτα ἐπειδὴ περὶ πηκτοῦ καὶ τηκτοῦ
		+	:καὶ ἀτήκτου ἀρκούντως διειλέχθη, λείπεται δ' ἔτι τὸ ἄπηκτον τῷ λόγῳ,
		+	:περὶ τούτου διαλέγεται καὶ παραδίδωσι τὰ τούτου ποιητικὰ αἴτια.ον τῷ λόγῳ,
		+	:περὶ τούτου διαλέγεται καὶ παραδίδωσι τὰ τούτου ποιητικὰ αἴτια.
		+
		+	translation:
		+
		+	:"Concerning the solid, melted, hardened, and unhardened, it was spoken of earlier in a general sense. The philosopher summarizes again about the solid and melted, not intending to make a summary of the previously mentioned works on these matters. Instead, he does this to rectify what was previously stated in a cumbersome manner in the preceding parts. It is the same to say that he claimed that salt and nitre solidify with heat and dissolve with cold. The recapitulation is as follows: the solidified substances are either of water or earth. Those that belong to water solidify with cold and become unhardened in the absence of moisture, that is, with dryness. But in order to not attribute the cause of solidification to a material cause, Aristotle, namely, dryness, presents the cause of the '''<u>separation</u>''' of moisture and attributes solidification to this, namely, to heat. Because heat, by evaporating moisture, causes dryness in the absence of moisture, which solidifies salt and nitre, as the two causes of solidification, namely, heat and dryness. However, heat is the remote cause, and dryness is the proximate one. Then, since enough has been discussed about the solid, melted, and hardened, and unhardened, and the topic of the unhardened is still remaining, he speaks and presents the poetical causes of this."
		+
		+	====The Assumption of the Virgin====
		+	Apocryphal works are both a curse and a blessing. On one hand we know the deception of these works wreak havoc in the minds of many, such as the bizarre fascination with the gnostic book of Enoch for example. On the other hand, many times the words being used reveal the usage of that particular word in history.
		+
		+	The Assumption of the Virgin is an apocryphal work form about [[450 AD]] that contains the word ἀποστασία (apostasia).
		+
		+	In sections 31–32 we read:
		+	:"But the Holy Ghost said to the apostles and the mother of the Lord, 'Behold, the governor has sent a captain of a thousand against you, because the Jews have made a tumult. Go out therefore from Bethlehem, and fear not; for behold, I will bring you by a cloud to Jerusalem….
		+	:The apostles therefore rose up straightaway and went out of the house, bearing the bed of their lady the mother of God, and went forward towards Jerusalem: and immediately, just as the Holy Ghost said, they were '''<u>lifted up</u>''' by a cloud and were found at Jerusalem in the house of their lady."
		+
		+	Here we clearly have the description of a “rapture” of the apostles and mother of the Lord. The story continues in section 33:
		+
		+	:"But when the captain came to Bethlehem and did not find there the mother of the Lord, nor the apostles, he laid hold upon the Bethlehemites… For the captain did not know of '''<u>the departure</u>''' (ἀποστασία) of the apostles and the mother of the Lord to Jerusalem."
		+
		+	This is clear evidence that ἀποστασία apostasia can refer to a “rapture” and a "departure". The word definitions and also the morphology and syntax of the Koine is very similar to Byzantine. Some scholars would make out it became like Chinese after 300 AD to dismiss such an obvious historical link to the rapture. Some peoples hatred for the pre-trib position will cause an irrational emotional response rather than a chance to learn and grow, even if one disagrees.  A total of 46 manuscripts from the 8th to 15th cent., listed in Mimouni, Dormition et Assumption de Marie.
		+
		+	It is very reminiscent of the "caught up" in 1 Thessalonians 4:17 in the first section and the "falling away/departure" of 2 Thessalonians 2:3 in the second.
		+
		+	====Quran====
		+	An early anonymous Greek translation of the Qur'an [https://www.academia.edu/4392791/An_early_anonymous_Greek_translation_of_the_Qur_%C4%81n_The_fragments_from_Niketas_Byzantios_Refutatio_and_the_anonymous_Abjuratio]:
		+
		+	:V
		+
		+	:Qur'an 2:176
		+
		+	:وإن الَّذِينَ الختلفوا في الكتب أفى شقاق بعيد وَإِنَّ
		+
		+	:- Förstel 56; PG 105.721a8
		+
		+	:Οἵτινες δὲ ἀμφιβάλλονται ἐν ταῖς γραφαῖς, εἰσὶν ἐν ἀποστασία μακρά. "And those :who doubt about the writings are in far apostasy".
		+
		+	====Erasmus====
		+	[[Image:2 Thessalonians introduction Erasmus 1519 Greek.JPG|300px|thumb|right|250px|2 Thessalonians introduction Erasmus 1519 Greek]]
		+
		+	====Calvin====
		+	:As, however, interpreters have twisted this passage in various ways, we must first of all endeavor to ascertain Paul’s true meaning. He says that the day of Christ will not come, until the world has fallen into apostasy, and the reign of Antichrist has obtained a footing in the Church; for as to the exposition that some have given of this passage, as referring to the downfall of the Roman empire, it is too silly to require a lengthened refutation. I am also surprised, that so many writers, in other respects learned and acute, have fallen into a blunder in a matter that is so easy, were it not that when one has committed a mistake, others follow in troops without consideration. Paul, therefore, employs the term apostasy to mean — a treacherous departure from God, and that not on the part of one or a few individuals, but such as would spread itself far and wide among a large multitude of persons. For when apostasy is made mention of without anything being added, it cannot be restricted to a few. Now, none can be termed apostates, but such as have previously made a profession of Christ and the gospel. Paul, therefore, predicts a certain general revolt of the visible Church. “The Church must be reduced to an unsightly and dreadful state of ruin, before its full restoration be effected.”
		+
		+	:From this we may readily gather, how useful this prediction of Paul is, for it might have seemed as though that could not be a building of God, that was suddenly overthrown, and lay so long in ruins, had not Paul long before intimated that it would be so. Nay more, many in the present day, when they consider with themselves the long-continued dispersion of the Church, begin to waver, as if this had not been regulated by the purpose of God. The Romanists, also, with the view of justifying the tyranny of their idol, make use of this pretext — that it was not possible that Christ would forsake his spouse. The weak, however, have something here on which to rest, when they learn that the unseemly state of matters which they behold in the Church was long since foretold; while, on the other hand, the impudence of the Romanists is openly exposed, inasmuch as Paul declares that a revolt will come, when the world has been brought under Christ’s authority. Now, we shall see presently, why it is that the Lord has permitted the Church, or at least what appeared to be such, to fall off in so shameful a manner. [https://www.bibliaplus.org/en/commentaries/3/john-calvins-bible-commentary/2-thessalonians/2/3]
		+
		+	====Stephanus====
		+	[[Image:2 Thessalonians introduction Stephanus 1550 Greek.JPG|300px|thumb|right|250px|2 Thessalonians introduction Stephanus 1550 Greek]]
		+	[[Image:2 Thessalonians 2.3 Stephanus 1550 Greek.JPG|300px|thumb|right|250px|2 Thessalonians 2:3 in Stephanus' 1550 Greek]]
		+
		+	====Reformation Era English Bibles====
		+	* 1382 ...For but '''dissencioun''' come first... (Wycliffe Bible)
		+	* 1534 ...excepte ther come '''a departynge''' fyrst... (Tyndale Bible)
		+	* 1535 ...excepte '''the departynge''' come first... (Coverdale Bible)
		+	* 1537 ...except there come '''a departyng''' first... (Matthew's Bible)
		+	* 1539 ...excepte ther come '''a departynge''' fyrst... (Great Bible)
		+	* 1560 ...except there come '''a departing''' first... (Geneva Bible)
		+	* 1568 ...excepte there come '''a fallyng away''' first... (Bishops' Bible)
		+
		+	[[Image:2 Thessalonians 2.3 Bishops' Bible.JPG|300px|thumb|right|250px|2 Thessalonians 2 Chapter Heading in the [[1568 AD|1568]] [[Bishops' Bible]]]]
		+	[[Image:2 Thessalonians 2 Bishops' Bible Chapter Heading.JPG|300px|thumb|right|250px|2 Thessalonians 2:3 in the [[1568 AD|1568]] [[Bishops' Bible]]]]
		+
		+	====Geneva Bible====
		+	In the 1560 Geneva Bible, the term "departure" is used in 2 Thessalonians 2:3, and it is understood as synonymous with "falling away." It used "departure" to translate the Greek word "apostasia" in this verse. In that era, most understood it as referring to a departure from the true faith or a falling away from the teachings of the early Christian church. This translation choice was influenced by the theological context of the Reformation, where the idea of departing from corrupt religious institutions and returning to the true teachings of Christianity was significant.
		+
		+	====Theodore Beza====
		+	[[Image:2 Thessalonians 2.2-4 Beza 1598.JPG|300px|thumb|right|250px|2 Thessalonians 2:2-4 in the [[1598 AD|1598]] Annotations of Theodore Beza]]
		+	In his 1598 Annotations, Beza has:
		+	:Ante adventum Domini prædicit Apostolus erigendum thronum aliquen gloriaæ Christi ex diametro oppositum, in quo perditus ille sedens, omnis quæ Dei sunt ad se transfert, plerisque a deo a ipsum deficientibus.
		+
		+	translated as:
		+	:Before the coming of the Lord, the apostle foretold that a throne would be erected diametrically opposite to the glory of Christ, in which the lost one, sitting, transfers to himself all that is God's, and most of them fall from God.
		+
		+	====Douay Rheims====
		+	[[Image:2 Thessalonians introduction Douay Rheims 1610.JPG|300px|thumb|right|250px|2 Thessalonians introduction in the Douay Rheims of 1610]]
		+
		+	====King James Version====
		+	[[Image:KJV 1611 Falling Away Translators to the Reader.JPG|300px|thumb|right|250px|Falling Away Translators to the Reader in the [[1611 AD|1611]] [[King James Version]]]]
		+	[[Image:2 Thessalonians 2 KJV Chapter Heading.JPG|300px|thumb|right|250px|2 Thessalonians 2 Chapter Heading in the [[1611 AD|1611]] [[King James Version]]]]
		+	[[Image:2 Thessalonians 2.3 KJV.JPG|300px|thumb|right|250px|2 Thessalonians 2:3 in the [[1611 AD|1611]] [[King James Version]]]]
		+	:[[3361|Let no]] [[5100|man]] [[1818|deceive]] [[5209|you]] [[2596|by]] [[3367|any]] [[5158|means]]: [[3754|for]] ''that'' ''day'' ''shall'' ''not'' ''come'', [[3362|except]] [[2064|there come]] [[646|a falling away]] [[4412|first]], [[2532|and]] [[444|that man]] [[266|of sin]] [[601|be revealed]], [[3588|the]] [[5207|son]] [[684|of perdition]];
		+
		+	KJV 1611 Falling Away Translators to the Reader
		+
		+	====George Abbott====
		+	King James Translator [[George Abbot (bishop)|George Abbott]] said the 'falling away' is an apostasy and revolt:
		+	:"Our Savior’s words intend so much, when alluding to the time of his second appearance, to judge the quick and the dead, he asketh, Nevertheless, when the Son of man cometh, shall he find faith on earth (Luke 18:8)? As meaning, that very little should then be found, in comparison of the Floods and Ocean of iniquity which everywhere should abound. But God, to the end that he might not have us ignorant but warned beforehand into what straights the Church should be brought, informeth us by Saint Paul (2 Thes. 2. 3), that the Lord shall not come, except there first be an apostasy, or revolt, or falling away, wherein Antichrist with great pride and disdain should shew himself. This is solemnly spoken of by the Apostle, and by all both old and new, intreating of it, is observed to some matter of great note. Many of our Papists fearing to touch this sore, which can in no case turn them to good, would have that interpreted, to note nothing else but the slipping of divers regions & countries from their subjection to the Roman Empire. (A treatise of the perpetual visibility, and succession of the true church in all ages) (1624; p.13-14).
		+
		+	====John Mill====
		+	[[Image:2 Thessalonians 2.3 John Mill 1707 Greek.JPG|300px|thumb|right|250px|2 Thessalonians 2.3  John Mill 1707 Greek]]
		+	[[Image:2 Thessalonians 2.3  John Mill 1707 footnotes.JPG|300px|thumb|right|250px|2 Thessalonians 2.3  John Mill 1707 footnotes]]
		+	[https://printedbooks.csntm.org/PrintedBook/Group/JohnMillNovumTestamentum1707]
		+
		+	====D. A. Carson====
		+	D. A. Carson's and the "root fallacy", is a concept mentioned by Alan Kurschner claiming that ἀφίστασις (aphistasis) and ἀποστασία (apostasia) are only etymologically related terms in Greek but ἀποστασία always means a non-spatial sense. [https://reformedreader.wordpress.com/2017/01/28/word-study-fallacies-carson/]
		+
		+	====Wayne House====
		+	Wayne House in his 1995 book ''When the Trumpet Sounds'', says:
		+	:The noun form allows for apostasia as a simple departure in the classical period, proved by examples from Liddell and Scott. Their lexicon gives “departure” or “disappearance” as secondary meanings. If one says that this is not important because this meaning is only classical or ancient and thus lost its meaning by the time of the New Testament period, then I may turn to this same root meaning for apostasia in the patristic era immediately following the New Testament period, as indicated in definitions for the noun form in Lampe’s Patristic Greek Lexicon.
		+	:Although the noun used in the sense of a spatial departure is not the normal meaning (though it is true for the verb) during New Testament time, the word is found with this meaning in time periods before and after the New Testament era, and it is likely to have been understood this way at least sometimes. It was also understood to have this meaning in 2 Thessalonians 2:3 by the fourth-century translator Jerome, where in his text he translates hē apostasia as the Latin discessio, meaning “departure.” (Wayne House, “Apostasia in 2 Thessalonians 2:3: Apostasy or Rapture?” P. 273.)
		+
		+	====KJV Today====
		+	:There are two issues here: the translation of the noun and the proper translation of the article. The noun is αποστασια. Although it could mean “rebellion,” the most literal translation is “departing” or “falling away.” Αποστασια, derived from the words “απο (away from)” and “στασισ (standing),” means “away from standing” or “falling away.” “Rebellion” is the figurative meaning, since the act of rebellion is due to “falling away” from authority (whether it be the truth or a government). Although it is common to interpret this “falling away” as the end-time rebellion, the literal translation enables the reader to interpret “falling away” as referring to the departing of believers from earth in the rapture. In a chapter as mysterious and ambiguous as 2 Thessalonians 2 it may be wise not to translate anything too narrowly in a way that eliminates the possibility of various valid interpretations.
		+
		+	:In regards to the article, αποστασια is preceded by “η,” the definite article. The definite article would normally be translated as “the.” However, the KJV reads “a falling away.” This is because the use of the article here is to substantivise the verb-like noun “αποστασια.” Αποστασια is without a doubt a noun, but it has the connotation of a participle verb. It means, “falling away,” which in English is a [[gerund]], a verb-turned-noun. Without the article, the passage would read in the sense of “that day shall not come, except falling away comes first.” The substantiver makes it clearer that “falling away” is an event (noun) rather than a generic act of falling away (verb). Since there is no indefinite article in Greek, the best way to substantivise the noun and give it greater force as a noun is to precede the verb-like-noun with a definite article. Since the definite article here is neither anaphoric nor kataphoric (referring to something previous or following) nor deictic/demonstrative (pointing to something), there is no need to translate the article as the definite article in English. English has the indefinite article which serves a substantivising function, so “a falling away” is a valid translation. [https://www.kjvtoday.net/home/a-falling-away-or-the-rebellion-in-2-thessalonians-23]
		+
		+	====Will Kinney====
		+	2 Thessalonians 2:3 “A falling away” or “THE falling away”?
		+
		+	“Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come A FALLING AWAY FIRST, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition”
		+
		+	A Bible agnostic railed against the King James Bible and posted a "Laundry list" of alleged errors he copied and pasted from an anti-King James Bible site that is pro-Textus Receptus and pro NKJV, but claims there are many errors in the King James Bible.
		+
		+	Among their Laundry List of alleged errors is 2 Thessalonians 2:3 where the KJB says “except there come A falling away first” and the NKJV says “unless THE falling away comes first”.
		+
		+	These King James Bible critics raise a big stink about how the KJB does NOT translate the definite article “the” before “falling away”.  Throughout their article they WAY overstate their case and come up with some really wild claims.
		+
		+	They tell us: “A textual error occurs when translators supply or omits words which are not in the Greek text with no indication, such as italics, that a word has been added, or a reference to word(s) not translated. In 2 Thessalonians 2:3, the KJV Translators failed to translate the definite article -the- preceding the Greek word for ―apostasy in the Textus Receptus. ―The apostasy refers to a specific event at a specific point in time—the great apostasy of the Church from the faith of Jesus Christ prior to the Tribulation period. Only the Coverdale Bible and the New King James Version (NKJV) translated the definite article ―the -  which is in the Greek text. Bible versions which fail to translate the definite article in 2 Thessalonians 2:3, diminish the magnitude of the end time apostasy, thereby facilitating false teachings which limit the end time apostasy to the ecumenical movement. Some modern versions (NIV, RSV, NLT, CEV, Good News) mistranslate ―apostasia as rebellion, which changes the falling away from the Word of God to a revolt against man‘s authority.”
		+
		+	These Textus Receptus promoters are wrong on several counts, but at least they have some kind of a definite standard you can pin them down on. What they are totally missing is the FACT that there is no such thing as “the” Textus Receptus. There are about 25 different varieties of the TR and they all differ from each other textually.
		+
		+	And “the” TR they are upholding as their “final authority” didn’t even exist until 1894 when Scrivener back translated the King James Bible into the Greek textual readings they followed, be it Erasmus, Stephanus or Beza.  Usually is was the Greek text of Beza.
		+
		+	So these TR guys are putting the cart in front of the horse.
		+
		+	There WAS no exact “the” TR they are using, until AFTER the King James Bible was finished.  They have to somehow believe that the TR the King James Bible translators ended up with was right, but their translation of it was wrong.  When in fact it was the English translation that determined what was to be  these KJB critic’s “the TR”.
		+
		+	Secondly, like most Bible agnostics and unbelievers in the inerrancy of ANY Bible these KJB critics confuse the Word of God (the Lord Jesus Christ) with “the word of God” - his written revelation.
		+
		+	See my article Don't Confuse "the Word of God" with "the word of God"
		+
		+	http://brandplucked.webs.com/wordofgodwordofgod.htm
		+
		+	They say: “…which changes the falling away from the Word of God to a revolt against man‘s authority.”
		+
		+	The Word of God is the Lord Jesus Christ; it is not the written word of God which is the only source God has given us that tells us who the Word of God is, what he taught and what he did to redeem his people.
		+
		+	And NOBODY, not even these KJB critics, really believes the NKJV or any Bible in any language IS the complete and inerrant words of God.
		+
		+	See Is the NKJV the inerrant words of God?  Not a Chance!
		+
		+	http://brandplucked.webs.com/nkjvsameaskjb.htm
		+
		+	So who is it that is potentially part of this “falling away” that will happen before the glorious return of our Lord Jesus Christ? Is it the KJB critics who have NO complete and inerrant Bible to believe in themselves or to give to anybody else, or the King James Bible believers?
		+
		+	Thirdly, they show their ignorance when they talk about the use of the definite article and their NKJV.  The NKJV OFTEN puts a definite article in their translation that is NOT there “in the Greek”, and they OFTEN OMIT IT in their translation when it IS there.  So too do versions like the ESV, NASB, NIV, NET, Holman, etc.
		+
		+	Here are some examples. If we look at the NKJV in 2 Thessalonians 2 verses 1 to 14, (which is not even the whole chapter), we see that the NKJV translators did NOT translate the definite article THE when it IS in the Greek some 14 times.
		+
		+	And 7 times they PUT the definite article IN their translation when it is NOT in the Greek text!
		+
		+	Just a few of these 14 times where the definite article is IN the Greek but NOT translated by the NKJV are “shaken in THE mind”, “son of THE perdition”, “temple of THE God”, “revealed in his THE own time”, "by the spirit of THE his mouth", “working of THE Satan”, “with all THE unrighteous deception”, and “by our THE gospel”.
		+
		+	And the places where they ADDED the definite article THE but it is NOT in the Greek text are “according to THE working of Satan”, “beloved by THE Lord”, “God from THE beginning”, “sanctification by THE Spirit and belief in THE truth”, and “for THE obtaining of THE glory”
		+
		+	So, you see, they do not even follow their own artificial rules whereby the condemn the King James Bible.
		+
		+	Fourthly, there is no “big difference” in meaning at all between saying “for that day shall not come, except there come A falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed” and “unless THE falling away comes first”.  They both mean the same thing.
		+
		+	These KJB critics are making a mountain out of a molehill and seeing “error” where none exists.
		+
		+	Not only does the King James Bible say - “except there come A FALLING AWAY first” (or, A departure)  but so also do the following Bible translations.
		+
		+	Tyndale 1524 “a departure”, The Great Bible 1540, Matthew’s Bible 1549 " A departing", the Bishops’ Bible 1568 -“A falling away”, the Geneva bible 1587, The Beza N.T. 1599 - “A departing first”, The Bill Bible 1671 - “A falling away first”,  the Whiston N.T. 1745, The Worsley N.T. 1770, The Clarke N.T. 1795, The Improved N.T. 1809, the Webster Bible 1833, The Pickering N.T. 1840 - “A falling away first”, The Commonly Received Version 1841, the Julia Smith Translation 1855, The Smith Bible 1876, Godbey N.T. 1902, The Clarke N.T. 1913, the Bible in Basic English 1961, The Word of Yah Bible 1993, the 21st Century KJV 1994,  The Revised Webster Bible 1995,  The Third Millennium Bible 1998, the New Simplified Bible 2003, The Revised Geneva Bible 2005, Christogenea N.T. 2009 “apostasy”, The Jubilee Bible 2010, The Hebrew Transliteration Scripture 2010, The Bond Slave Version 2012 and The Modern English Version 2014 - “For that Day will not come unless A falling away comes first”
		+
		+	Other Translations
		+
		+	Lamsa’s 1933 translation of the Syriac Peshitta - “for that day shall not come, unless it is preceded by A rebellion”
		+
		+	New Life Version 1969 - “For the Lord will not come again until many people turn away from God.”
		+
		+	The Living Bible 1971 - “first, there will be a time of great rebellion against God”
		+
		+	J.B. Phillips New Testament 1972 - “there arises a definite rejection of God”
		+
		+	God’s Word Translation 1995 - “a revolt takes place first”
		+
		+	Worldwide English N.T. 1998 - “Before the day of the Lord comes, many people will stop believing God.”
		+
		+	The Tomson N.T. 2002 - “except there come A departing first”
		+
		+	Conservative Bible 2010 - “That day won't come until there is A rebellion and the sinful man is shown for who he is, the son of destruction”
		+
		+	The Work of God’s Children Bible 2010 - “for unless there come a revolt first”
		+
		+	Names of God Bible 2011 - “unless a revolt takes place first”
		+
		+	New International Reader’s Version 2014 - “That day will not come until people rise up against God.”
		+
		+	The New Living Translation 2015 - “For that day will not come until there is a great rebellion against God”
		+
		+	The King James Bible has NO errors in it at all, and these “Textus Receptus, NKJV” folks are the ones who are wrong in attacking God’s Infallible Book and promoting an inferior bible version that not even they themselves believe is the inerrant words of God.
		+
		+	Side Note - Another Weird Theory - "The Departure is the Rapture"
		+
		+	I have run into a couple of really weird Bible correcting guys who tell us that not only is the Greek word "apostasia" incorrectly translated as "a falling away" or even "the apostasy" but they tell us that it should be translated as "the departure" and that this supposedly means "the Rapture".
		+
		+	How anyone could read the context of verses 1 thru 3 and come up with this goofy idea is beyond me, but some do.
		+
		+	Verse one refers to the "rapture" when it says: 1. "Now we beseech you, brethren, by the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, AND BY OUR GATHERING TOGETHER UNTO HIM (this is the rapture), 2. That ye be not soon shaken in mind, or be troubled, neither by spirit, nor by word, nor by letter as from us, as that the day of Christ is at hand. 3. Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come (the coming of our Lord and our gathering together unto him) except there come A FALLING AWAY first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition."
		+
		+	IF the "falling away" or "the departure" is really referring to "the rapture", as these false teachers tell us, then the Scriptures here would be teaching that the day of Christ and the rapture can't occur until the rapture happens first!
		+
		+	Duh. False doctrines always end up making the Bible contradict itself.
		+
		+	The Greek word apostasia is only found twice in the N.T.  The other place is in Acts 21:21 "And they are informed of thee, that thou teacheth all the Jews which are among the Gentiles TO FORSAKE Moses, saying they ought not to circumcise their children, neither to walk after the customs."
		+
		+	The word clearly means to abandon, to fall away from, to forsake and to leave behind something that previously was held to be true and valid.
		+
		+	ESV, ISV 2014, NET -  "For that day will not come, unless the REBELLION comes first"
		+
		+	NKJV, NASB, Holman Standard 2017 - "For that day will not come unless the APOSTASY comes first"
		+
		+	There are several other Greek words God could have used here if he had meant to say "departure" or to move from one place to another, but they are not used here.  For example: "his hour was come that he should DEPART out of this world unto the Father" (metabaino) John 13:1; "DEPART hence, and go into Judea" (metabaino) John 7:3; "Having a desire to DEPART and to be with Christ" (analuo) Philippians 1:23 or "Paul DEPARTED from Athens, and came to Corinth", "Claudius had commanded all Jews to DEPART from Rome" (korizo) Acts 18:1-2.
		+
		+
		+
		+	====Άννα Κομνηνή====
		+	Άννα Κομνηνή (1083-1153):
		+	:Τῆς δ᾿ '''<u>ἀποστασίας</u>''' παρατεινομένης ὁ Οὐίνδιξ ἑαυτὸν ἀπέσφαξε, τῶν μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ στρατιωτῶν κινδυνευσάντων ὑπεραλγήσας καὶ πρὸς τὸ δαιμόνιον ἀγανακτήσας ὅτι τοσούτου πράγματος ὀριγνηθείς, τοῦ τὸν Νέρωνα καθελεῖν1 καὶ τοὺς Ῥωμαίους ἐλευθερῶσαι, οὐκ ἐξετέλεσεν αὐτό.—Zon. 11, 13 (p. 41, 19–24 D.)\
		+
		+	:As '''<u>the revolt</u>''' continued, Vindex slew himself; for he felt exceedingly grieved because of the peril of his soldiers and was vexed at Fate because he had not been able to attain his goal in an undertaking of so great magnitude, namely the overthrow of Nero and the liberation of the Romans.[https://www.loebclassics.com/view/dio_cassius-roman_history/1914/pb_LCL176.179.xml] [https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B1:%CE%99%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%8C%CE%B8%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%AD%CF%89%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82_(1832-1862).pdf/374]
		+
		+	====Liddell-Scott-Jones====
		+	ἀπο-στᾰσία, ἡ,
		+
		+	late form for ἀπόστασις,
		+
		+	:1. defection, revolt, v.l. in D.H. 7.1, J. Vit. 10, Plu. Galb. 1; esp. in religious sense, rebellion against God, apostasy, LXX Joshua 22:22, 2 Thessalonians 2:3.
		+
		+	:2. departure, disappearance, Olymp. in Mete. 320.2.
		+
		+	:3. distinguishing, c. gen., Elias in Cat. 119.7.
		+
		+	:4. distance, Archim. Aren. 1.5.
		+
		+	====Latin====
		+	''Discessio'' means primarily, “a separation, division”, and secondarily, “a going away, departure, removal”) in the Latin Vulgate.
		+
		+	====Urdu====
		+	begashgadi departure
		+
		+	====Baggage====
		+	*"the" falling away
		+	*"the great" falling away
	==Greek==		==Greek==
Line 19:		Line 528:
	====Textus Receptus====		====Textus Receptus====
-	* [[1514 AD|1514]] ([[Complutensian Polyglot]])	+	* [[1514 AD|1514]] Μήτις υμάς εξαπατήση κατά μηδένα τρόπον· ότι εάν μη ἕλθη / η αποστασία πρώτον, και αποκαλυφθή / ο άνθρωπος / της αμαρτιας, ο υιός / της απωλείας,/ ([[Complutensian Polyglot]])
	====[[Desiderius Erasmus]]====		====[[Desiderius Erasmus]]====
	* [[1516 AD|1516]] ([[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]] 1st [[Novum Instrumentum omne]])		* [[1516 AD|1516]] ([[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]] 1st [[Novum Instrumentum omne]])
		+	[[Image:2_Thessalonians_2.3_Erasmus_1519_Latin.JPG|thumb|right|250px|2 Thessalonians 2:3 in Erasmus's [[1519 AD|1519]] Greek New Testament]]
	* [[1519 AD|1519]] ([[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]] 2nd)		* [[1519 AD|1519]] ([[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]] 2nd)
	* [[1522 AD|1522]] ([[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]] 3rd [[Novum Testamentum omne]])		* [[1522 AD|1522]] ([[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]] 3rd [[Novum Testamentum omne]])
Line 37:		Line 547:
	* [[1546 AD|1546]] ([[Robert Estienne]] (Stephanus) 1st)		* [[1546 AD|1546]] ([[Robert Estienne]] (Stephanus) 1st)
	* [[1549 AD|1549]] ([[Robert Estienne]] (Stephanus) 2nd)		* [[1549 AD|1549]] ([[Robert Estienne]] (Stephanus) 2nd)
-	* [[1550 AD|1550]] ([[Robert Estienne]] (Stephanus) 3rd - [[Editio Regia]])	+	* [[1550 AD|1550]] μή τις ὑμᾶς ἐξαπατήσῃ κατὰ μηδένα τρόπον ὅτι ἐὰν μὴ ἔλθῃ ἡ ἀποστασία πρῶτον καὶ ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας ([[Robert Estienne]] (Stephanus) 3rd - [[Editio Regia]])
-	* [[1551 AD|1551]] ([[Robert Estienne]] (Stephanus) 4th)	+	* [[1551 AD|1551]] μή τις ὑμᾶς ἐξαπατήσῃ κατὰ μηδένα τρόπον ὅτι ἐὰν μὴ ἔλθῃ ἡ ἀποστασία πρῶτον καὶ ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας ([[Robert Estienne]] (Stephanus) 4th)
	====[[Theodore Beza]]====		====[[Theodore Beza]]====
-	* [[1565 AD|1565]] (Beza 1st)	+	[[Image:2_Thessalonians_2.3_Beza_1556_Latin.JPG|thumb|right|250px|2 Thessalonians 2:3 in Beza's [[1556 AD|1556]] Latin New Testament]]
-	* [[1565 AD|1565]] (Beza Octavo 1st)	+	* '''1'''. [[1556 AD|1556]]/[[1557 AD|57]] <small>In Latin ([[2_Thessalonians_2:3#Latin|see below]]) - counted as Beza's first major edition. [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=A0usDcgwzc8C&pg=PA3#v=onepage&q&f=false 1556 Edition] and [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=e5dUAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA3#v=onepage&q&f=false here].  [https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_g/content/zoom/10661118 1557 Edition] Bibliothèque de Genève, shelf mark Bb 2341</small>
-	* [[1567 AD|1567]] (Beza Octavo 2nd)	+	:* [[1559 AD|1559]] <small>unauthorised Basel edition - (Bibliothèque de Genève, shelf mark Bb 2347 [https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_g/content/zoom/1957985 e-rara] & [http://dfg-viewer.de/show?tx_dlf%5Bdouble%5D=0&tx_dlf%5Bid%5D=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitale.bibliothek.uni-halle.de%2Foai%2F%3Fverb%3DGetRecord%26metadataPrefix%3Dmets%26identifier%3D993514&tx_dlf%5Bpage%5D=13&cHash=6b3eaed78ca8bf6c03a967422520dbf7  ULB Sachsen-Anhalt] </small>
-	* [[1580 AD|1580]] (Beza Octavo 3rd)	+	:* [[1563 AD|1563]]: <small>Beza’s Responsio against Castellio (referred to on the title page of the 1565 and 1582 editions): [https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_g/content/zoom/869676 e-rara] (Bibliothèque de Genève, shelf mark Bb 150).</small>
-	* [[1582 AD|1582]] (Beza 2nd)	+
-	* [[1589 AD|1589]] (Beza 3rd)	+	* '''2'''. [[1565 AD|1565]] <small>(Novum Testamentum,- counted as Beza's second major edition. Geneva)</small>
-	* [[1590 AD|1590]] (Beza Octavo 4th)	+	[[Image:2 Thessalonians 2:3_Beza_1565.JPG|thumb|right|250px|2 Thessalonians 2:3 in Beza's [[1565 AD|1565]] Greek New Testament]]
-	* [[1598 AD|1598]] (Beza 4th)	+	:* [[1565 AD|1565]] <small>(a special copy with Beza’s own handwritten notes in preparation of the third edition (MHR O4 cd (565) a):[http://doc.rero.ch/record/18245?ln=fr]</small>
-	''See Also [[Matthew 1:1 Beza 1598]] ([[Theodore Beza|Beza]])''	+	:* [[1565 AD|1565]] <small>[https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_g/content/zoom/1774121 Minor edition]</small>
		+	[[Image:2 Thessalonians 2:3_Beza_1567.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<small>2 Thessalonians 2:3 in Beza's [[1567 AD|1567]] Greek New Testament</small>]]
		+	:* [[1567 AD|1567]]  <small>[https://www.e-rara.ch/mhr_g/content/zoom/4266100 Minor edition]</small>
		+	:* [[1569 AD|1569]]: <small>Tremellius’ Syriac NT, with Beza’s Greek and Latin text included: [https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_g/content/zoom/4465341 e-rara] and [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=eY61MnibT1QC&pg=PA1-IA1#v=onepage&q&f=false Google]</small>
		+	:* [[1575 AD|1575]]: <small>a [https://books.google.nl/books?id=DsBIAAAAcAAJ&hl=nl&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false Latin-only edition] which introduces Chapter summaries</small>
		+	:* [[1580 AD|1580]] <small>[https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_g/content/zoom/3107964 Minor edition] and also another minor edition [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=vr9IAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false here]</small>
		+
		+	* '''3'''. [[1582 AD|1582]] <small>(Novum Testamentum. 2nd folio edition. Geneva.)</small>
		+	:* [[1590 AD|1590]] <small>[https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_g/content/zoom/3138458 Minor edition]</small>
		+	[[Image:2 Thessalonians 2.3 Beza 1589.JPG|300px|thumb|right|250px|2 Thessalonians 2:3 in the Greek text of Beza in the [[1589 AD|1589]] Edition]]
		+	* '''4'''. [[1588 AD|1588]]  <small>([https://www.e-rara.ch/lac1_g/content/zoom/11394874 1588 e-rara]] (Lausanne : Bibliothèque, shelf mark 2015);[http://images.csntm.org/PublishedWorks/Bezae_NT_1588/Bezae_NT_1588_0001a.jpg CSNTM]; [https://archive.org/details/testamentvmnovvm00bzet/page/n19/mode/2up Archive]; [https://books.google.nl/books?id=tt1TAAAAcAAJ&hl=nl&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false Google]</small>
		+	:* [[1590 AD|1590]] <small>(Beza Octavo 4th)</small>
		+	:* [[1594 AD|1594]]: <small>the Annotationes printed separately: [https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_g/content/zoom/1095196 e-rara].</small>
		+
		+	* '''5'''. [[1598 AD|1598]] [[3361|Μή]] [[5100|τις]] [[5209|ὑμᾶς]] [[1818|ἐξαπατήσῃ]] [[2596|κατὰ]] [[3367|μηδένα]] [[5158|τρόπον]]· [[3754|ὅτι]] [[1437|ἐὰν]] [[3361|μὴ]] [[2064|ἔλθῃ]] [[3588|ἡ]] [[646|ἀποστασία]] [[4412|πρῶτον]], [[2532|καὶ]] [[601|ἀποκαλυφθῇ]] [[3588|ὁ]] [[444|ἄνθρωπος]] [[3588|τῆς]] [[266|ἁμαρτίας]], [[3588|ὁ]] [[5207|υἱὸς]] [[3588|τῆς]] [[684|ἀπωλείας]], <small>([[http://www.e-rara.ch/gep_g/content/titleinfo/1752610 e-rara]. Novum Testamentum. 5th. Geneva.])</small><small>''See Also [[2 Thessalonians 2:3 Beza 1598]] ([[Theodore Beza|Beza]])''</small>
		+	[[Image:2 Thessalonians 2.3_beza_1598.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<small>2 Thessalonians 2:3 in Beza's [[1598 AD|1598]] Greek New Testament</small>]]
		+	:* [[1604 AD|1604]] <small>[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=NhY-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA11-IA8#v=onepage&q&f=false Minor edition]</small>
		+	''See Also [[2 Thessalonians 2:3 Beza 1598]] ([[Theodore Beza|Beza]])''
	* [[1604 AD|1604]] (Beza Octavo 5th)		* [[1604 AD|1604]] (Beza Octavo 5th)
Line 64:		Line 591:
	====Scrivener====		====Scrivener====
-	* [[1894 AD|1894]] (? ????? ???T???)	+	* [[1894 AD|1894]] μή τις ὑμᾶς ἐξαπατήσῃ κατὰ μηδένα τρόπον· ὅτι ἐὰν μὴ ἔλθῃ ἡ ἀποστασία πρῶτον, καὶ ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας,
	====Other Greek====		====Other Greek====
-		+	[[Image:2 Thessalonians 2.3_Christopher Plantinus_1574.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<small>2 Thessalonians 2:3 in Christopher Plantinus' [[1574 AD|1574]] Greek New Testament</small> [https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=eiBJAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PA538&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en ].]]
		+	* [[1574 AD|1574]] (Christopher Plantinus)
	* [[1857 AD|1857]] (Tregelles' Greek New Testament)		* [[1857 AD|1857]] (Tregelles' Greek New Testament)
-	* (Tischendorf 8th Ed.)	+	* [[1872 AD|1872]] μή τις ὑμᾶς ἐξαπατήσῃ κατὰ μηδένα τρόπον· ὅτι ἐὰν μὴ ἔλθῃ ἡ ἀποστασία πρῶτον καὶ ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας, ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας, (Tischendorf 8th Ed.)
-	* [[1881 AD|1881]] (Westcott & Hort)	+	* [[1881 AD|1881]] μή τις ὑμᾶς ἐξαπατήσῃ κατὰ μηδένα τρόπον· ὅτι ἐὰν μὴ ἔλθῃ ἡ ἀποστασία πρῶτον καὶ ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας, ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας, (Westcott & Hort)
-	* (Greek orthodox Church)	+	* [[1904 AD|1904]]  μή τις ὑμᾶς ἐξαπατήσῃ κατὰ μηδένα τρόπον· ὅτι ἐὰν μὴ ἔλθῃ ἡ ἀποστασία πρῶτον καὶ ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας, ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας, (Nestle)
		+	* [[1904 AD|1904]] μή τις ὑμᾶς ἐξαπατήσῃ κατὰ μηδένα τρόπον· ὅτι ἐὰν μὴ ἔλθῃ ἡ ἀποστασία πρῶτον καὶ ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας, (Greek orthodox Church)
	==Anglo Saxon Translations==		==Anglo Saxon Translations==
Line 80:		Line 609:
	==English Translations==		==English Translations==
-	[[Image:Matthew 1.1 KJV.JPG|300px|thumb|right|[[Matthew 1:1]] in the [[1611 AD|1611]] [[King James Version]]]]
-	* [[1380 AD|1380]] ([[Wyclif's Bible]] by [[John Wycliffe]])	+	* [[1382 AD|1382]] No man disseyue you in ony manere. For but dissencioun come first, and the man of synne be schewid, the sonne of perdicioun, ([[Wyclif's Bible]] by [[John Wycliffe]])
	* [[1395 AD|1395]] ([[Wyclif's Bible]] by [[John Wycliffe]])		* [[1395 AD|1395]] ([[Wyclif's Bible]] by [[John Wycliffe]])
-	* [[1534 AD|1534]] ([[Tyndale Bible]] by [[William Tyndale]])	+	* [[1534 AD|1534]] Let no ma deceave you by eny meanes for the lorde commeth not excepte ther come a departynge fyrst and that that synfnll man be opened ye sonne of perdicion ([[Tyndale Bible]] by [[William Tyndale]])
-	* [[1535 AD|1535]] (Coverdale Bible)	+	* [[1535 AD|1535]] Let noman disceaue you by eny meanes. For the LORDE commeth not, excepte the departynge come first, and that that Man of synne be opened, euen the sonne of perdicion, (Coverdale Bible)
-	* [[1539 AD|1539]] ([[Great Bible]] First Edition - [[Miles Coverdale]])	+	* [[1537 AD|1537]] Let no man deceyue you by any meanes, for the Lord commeth not, except there come a departyng first, and that, that sinful man be opened, the sonne of perdicyon (Matthew's Bible)
		+
		+	* [[1539 AD|1539]] Let no man deceaue you by eny meanes, for the Lorde shall not come excepte ther come a departynge fyrst, and that that synfull man be opened, the sonne of perdicyon, ([[Great Bible]] First Edition - [[Miles Coverdale]])
	* [[1540 AD|1540]] ([[Great Bible]] Second Edition - [[Miles Coverdale]])		* [[1540 AD|1540]] ([[Great Bible]] Second Edition - [[Miles Coverdale]])
Line 98:		Line 628:
	* [[1557 AD|1557]] (Geneva [[1557 AD|1557]])		* [[1557 AD|1557]] (Geneva [[1557 AD|1557]])
-	* [[1560 AD|1560]] ([[Geneva Bible]]) First Edition	+	* [[1560 AD|1560]] Let no man deceiue you by any meanes: for that day shall not come, except there come a departing first, and that that man of sinne be disclosed, euen the sonne of perdition, ([[Geneva Bible]]) First Edition
-	* [[1568 AD|1568]] ([[Bishop's Bible]] First Edition	+	* [[1568 AD|1568]] Let no man deceaue you by any meanes, for [the Lorde shall not come] excepte there come a fallyng away first, & that that man of sinne be reuealed, the sonne of perdition, ([[Bishop's Bible]] First Edition
	* [[1582 AD|1582]] (Rheims [[1582 AD|1582]])		* [[1582 AD|1582]] (Rheims [[1582 AD|1582]])
Line 107:		Line 637:
	* [[1599 AD|1599]] ([[Geneva Bible]]) by [[William Whittingham]]		* [[1599 AD|1599]] ([[Geneva Bible]]) by [[William Whittingham]]
-		+	[[Image:2 Thessalonians 2.3 KJV.JPG|300px|thumb|right|250px|2 Thessalonians 2:3 in the [[1611 AD|1611]] [[King James Version]]]]
-	* [[1611 AD|1611]] ([[King James Version]])	+	* [[1611 AD|1611]] [[3361|Let no]] [[5100|man]] [[1818|deceive]] [[5209|you]] [[2596|by]] [[3367|any]] [[5158|means]]: [[3754|for]] ''that'' ''day'' ''shall'' ''not'' ''come'', [[3362|except]] [[2064|there come]] [[646|a falling away]] [[4412|first]], [[2532|and]] [[444|that man]] [[266|of sin]] [[601|be revealed]], [[3588|the]] [[5207|son]] [[684|of perdition]]; ([[King James Version]])
	* [[1729 AD|1729]] ([[Mace New Testament]])		* [[1729 AD|1729]] ([[Mace New Testament]])
Line 195:		Line 725:
	====[[Arabic]]====		====[[Arabic]]====
-	* <big></big>(Arabic Smith & Van Dyke)	+	* لا يخدعنكم احد على طريقة ما. لانه لا ياتي ان لم يات الارتداد اولا ويستعلن انسان الخطية ابن الهلاك  <big></big>(Arabic Smith & Van Dyke)
	====[[Aramaic]]====		====[[Aramaic]]====
-	* <big></big>(Aramaic Peshitta)	+	* ܠܡܐ ܐܢܫ ܢܛܥܝܟܘܢ ܒܚܕ ܡܢ ܐܤܟܡܝܢ ܡܛܠ ܕܐܢ ܠܐ ܬܐܬܐ ܠܘܩܕܡ ܡܪܘܕܘܬܐ ܘܢܬܓܠܐ ܒܪܢܫܐ ܕܚܛܝܬܐ ܒܪܗ ܕܐܒܕܢܐ  <big></big>(Aramaic Peshitta)
	====[[Basque]]====		====[[Basque]]====
-	*	+	* Nehorc etzaitzatela seduci eceinere maneraz: ecen egun hura ezta ethorriren non reuoltamendua lehen ethor eztadin, eta manifesta eztadin bekatutaco guiçona, perditionezco semea,
	====[[Bulgarian]]====		====[[Bulgarian]]====
-	* [[1940 AD|1940]] (Bulgarian Bible)	+	* [[1940 AD|1940]] Никой да не ви измами по никой начин; защото [това няма да бъде], докато първо не дойде отстъплението и не се яви човекът на греха, синът на погибелта, (Bulgarian Bible)
	====[[Chinese]]====		====[[Chinese]]====
-	*  1 (Chinese Union Version (Simplified))	+	*  1 人 不 拘 用 甚 麽 法 子 ， 你 们 总 不 要 被 他 诱 惑 ； 因 为 那 日 子 以 前 ， 必 有 离 道 反 教 的 事 ， 并 有 那 大 罪 人 ， 就 是 沉 沦 之 子 ， 显 露 出 来 。 (Chinese Union Version (Simplified))
-	*  1 (Chinese Union Version (Traditional))	+	*  1 人 不 拘 用 甚 麼 法 子 ， 你 們 總 不 要 被 他 誘 惑 ； 因 為 那 日 子 以 前 ， 必 有 離 道 反 教 的 事 ， 並 有 那 大 罪 人 ， 就 是 沉 淪 之 子 ， 顯 露 出 來 。 (Chinese Union Version (Traditional))
	====[[French]]====		====[[French]]====
-	* (French Darby)	+	* Que personne ne vous séduise en aucune manière, car ce jour-là ne viendra pas que l'apostasie ne soit arrivée auparavant et que l'homme de péché n'ait été révélé, le fils de perdition, (French Darby)
-	* [[1744 AD|1744]] (Martin 1744)	+	* [[1744 AD|1744]] Que personne [donc] ne vous séduise en quelque manière que ce soit; car [ce jour-là ne viendra point] que la révolte ne soit arrivée auparavant, et que l'homme de péché, le fils de perdition, ne soit révélé; (Martin 1744)
-	* [[1744 AD|1744]] (Ostervald 1744)	+	* [[1744 AD|1744]] Que personne ne vous séduise en aucune manière; car il faut que la révolte soit arrivée auparavant, et qu'on ait vu paraître l'homme du péché, le fils de la perdition, (Ostervald 1744)
	====[[German]]====		====[[German]]====
-	* [[1545 AD|1545]] (Luther 1545)	+	* [[1545 AD|1545]] Lasset euch niemand verführen in keinerlei Weise! Denn er kommt nicht, es sei denn, daß zuvor der Abfall komme, und offenbaret werde der Mensch der Sünde und das Kind des Verderbens, (Luther 1545)
-	* [[1871 AD|1871]] (Elberfelder 1871)	+	* [[1871 AD|1871]] Laßt euch von niemand auf irgend eine Weise verführen, denn dieser Tag kommt nicht, es sei denn, daß zuerst der Abfall komme und geoffenbart worden sei der Mensch der Sünde, der Sohn des Verderbens, (Elberfelder 1871)
-	* [[1912 AD|1912]] (Luther 1912)	+	* [[1912 AD|1912]] Lasset euch niemand verführen in keinerlei Weise; denn er kommt nicht, es sei denn, daß zuvor der Abfall komme und offenbart werde der Mensch der Sünde, das Kind des Verderbens, (Luther 1912)
	====[[Italian]]====		====[[Italian]]====
Line 242:		Line 772:
	====[[Latin]]====		====[[Latin]]====
-	* [[Latin Vulgate]]	+	* ne quis vos seducat ullo modo quoniam nisi venerit discessio primum et revelatus fuerit homo peccati filius perditionis [[Latin Vulgate]]
	* [[1527 AD|1527]] (Erasmus 1527)		* [[1527 AD|1527]] (Erasmus 1527)
Line 254:		Line 784:
	====[[Romainian]]====		====[[Romainian]]====
-	* [[2010 AD|2010]] (Biblia Traducerea Fidela în limba româna)	+	* [[2010 AD|2010]] Nimeni să nu vă amăgească în vreun chip; căci nu va veni înainte ca să fi venit lepădarea de credinţă, şi de a se descoperi omul fărădelegii (Sau: omul păcatului), fiul pierzării, (Biblia Traducerea Fidela în limba româna)
	====[[Russian]]====		====[[Russian]]====
-	* [[1876 AD|1876]] [[Russian Synodal Version]]	+	* [[1876 AD|1876]] Да не обольстит вас никто никак: ибо день тотне придет , доколе не придет прежде отступление и не откроетсячеловек греха, сын погибели, [[Russian Synodal Version]]
-	Phonetically:	+	Phonetically:
	====[[Spanish]]====		====[[Spanish]]====
-	* (RVG Spanish)	+	* No os engañe nadie en ninguna manera; porque no vendrá sin que venga antes la apostasía, y se manifieste el hombre de pecado, el hijo de perdición, (RVG Spanish)
		+
		+	====Syriac====
		+	* ܠܡܳܐ ܐ݈ܢܳܫ ܢܰܛܥܶܝܟ݂ܽܘܢ ܒ݁ܚܰܕ݂ ܡܶܢ ܐܶܣܟ݁ܺܡܺܝܢ ܡܶܛܽܠ ܕ݁ܶܐܢ ܠܳܐ ܬ݁ܺܐܬ݂ܶܐ ܠܽܘܩܕ݂ܰܡ ܡܳܪܽܘܕ݂ܽܘܬ݂ܳܐ ܘܢܶܬ݂ܓ݁ܠܶܐ ܒ݁ܰܪܢܳܫܳܐ ܕ݁ܰܚܛܺܝܬ݂ܳܐ ܒ݁ܪܶܗ ܕ݁ܰܐܒ݂ܕ݁ܳܢܳܐ (Peshitta NT published by the British and Foreign Bible Society)
	====[[Swedish]]====		====[[Swedish]]====
-	* [[1917 AD|1917]] (Swedish - Svenska 1917)	+	* [[1917 AD|1917]] Låten ingen bedraga eder om vad sätt det vara må. Ty först måste avfallet hava skett och »Laglöshetens människa», fördärvets man, hava trätt fram, (Swedish - Svenska 1917)
	====[[Tagalog]]====		====[[Tagalog]]====
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	==External Links==		==External Links==
		+
		+	* [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.99997/page/n692/mode/1up Oxford English Dictionary - Rebellion]
		+	{{Donate}}
		+
		+	* [https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/fall+away Fall Away Idioms]

---

Current revision

<< - 2 Thessalonians 2:2 - 2 Thessalonians 2:4 - >>

• ΠΡΟΣ ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΕΙΣ Β΄ 2:3 Μή τις ὑμᾶς ἐξαπατήσῃ κατὰ μηδένα τρόπον· ὅτι ἐὰν μὴ ἔλθῃ ἡ ἀποστασία πρῶτον, καὶ ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας,

(Textus Receptus, Novum Testamentum, Theodore Beza, 5th major edition. Geneva. 1598)

• 2 Thessalonians 2:3 Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition;

(King James Version, Pure Cambridge Edition 1900)

• 2 Thessalonians 2:3 Let no one deceive you by any means; because, that Day will not come unless a falling away comes first, and that man of sin is revealed, the son of perdition,

(King James Version 2016 Edition, 2016) - buy the revised and updated printed 2023 Edition New Testament here

Contents 1 Interlinear 2 Commentary 2.1 Variants 2.2 falling away 2.3 Acts 21:21 2.4 Other Translations 2.5 A non-spatial noun? 2.6 ἀποστασία and ἀφίστασις 2.7 Septuagint usage of ἀποστασία 2.8 Thucydides 2.9 Josephus 2.10 Justin Martyr 2.11 Archimedes of Syracuse 2.12 Cyprian 2.13 Codex Bezae 2.14 Olympiodorus Philosophus 2.15 The Assumption of the Virgin 2.16 Quran 2.17 Erasmus 2.18 Calvin 2.19 Stephanus 2.20 Reformation Era English Bibles 2.21 Geneva Bible 2.22 Theodore Beza 2.23 Douay Rheims 2.24 King James Version 2.25 George Abbott 2.26 John Mill 2.27 D. A. Carson 2.28 Wayne House 2.29 KJV Today 2.30 Will Kinney 2.31 Άννα Κομνηνή 2.32 Liddell-Scott-Jones 2.33 Latin 2.34 Urdu 2.35 Baggage 3 Greek 3.1 Textus Receptus 3.2 Desiderius Erasmus 3.3 Colinæus 3.4 Stephanus (Robert Estienne) 3.5 Theodore Beza 3.6 Elzevir 3.7 Scholz 3.8 Scrivener 3.9 Other Greek 4 Anglo Saxon Translations 5 English Translations 6 Foreign Language Versions 6.1 Arabic 6.2 Aramaic 6.3 Basque 6.4 Bulgarian 6.5 Chinese 6.6 French 6.7 German 6.8 Italian 6.9 Japanese 6.10 Latin 6.11 Pidgin 6.12 Romainian 6.13 Russian 6.14 Spanish 6.15 Syriac 6.16 Swedish 6.17 Tagalog 6.18 Tok Pisin 6.19 Vietnamese 7 See Also 8 External Links

Interlinear

Commentary

Variants

ανομιας (lawlessness) – א B 0278 6 81 88mg 104 326 365 436 1739 1881 2127 2464 ℓ1365 itm co

αμαρτιας (sinfulness) – A D G K L P Ψ 88* 181 330 451 614 629 630 1241 1877 1962 1984 1985 2492 2495 Byz Lect lat syr Irenaeuslat Eusebius

falling away

See also: Apostasia

ἀποστασία, translated as a falling away [3] in the King James Version.

Just as the word apologia may be erroneously defined by English speaking people as "apologizing", so too many monolingual folks place the narrow English definition of "apostasy" in the place of the larger and more vibrant Greek definition of a departure/falling away.

The English word “farther” is used to refer to physical distances, whereas further refers to figurative and nonphysical distances, as in the word furthermore. Farther is the comparative of “far,” whereas “further” is comparative of “forth.” “Farther” is mostly concerned with distance, whereas “further” is concerned with abstract and metaphorical contexts. To further something as in encourage growth and progress. This is said to be the issue with ἀποστασία, some say it is only every an abstract departure, "from faith" etc., while aphistemi is said to be primarily a physical departure.

‘apostasia’ comes from - ‘aphistemi’ which is ‘apo’ - ‘from’ and ‘histemi’ - ‘to stand; to place’.

The term "falling away" has a historical and theological significance in English, particularly within the context of religious discourse. Its meaning has evolved over the years, reflecting changes in religious beliefs and interpretations:

Early Christian Usage: The phrase "falling away" finds its roots in biblical texts, specifically in the New Testament. In the Greek language of the New Testament, the term "apostasia" is used, which means "defection" [4] or "rebellion." [5] In 2 Thessalonians 2:3, the Apostle Paul refers to a future "falling away" before the second coming of Christ.

Reformation Era: During the Reformation in the 16th century, the concept of "falling away" gained prominence as various Christian groups sought to reform the Catholic Church. The term was used to describe perceived departures from true faith and adherence to the teachings of the early Christian church.

Protestant Interpretations: In Protestant theology, the idea of "falling away" has been associated with the concept of apostasy. It refers to the act of renouncing or abandoning one's faith or departing from orthodox Christian beliefs. Protestant theologians and preachers have often warned about the dangers of falling away from the true faith and have emphasized the need for steadfastness and perseverance.

Evolving Interpretations: Over the centuries, interpretations of the term "falling away" have varied within different Christian traditions. Some interpret it as a reference to a general decline in religious fervor or a departure from moral values within society. Others understand it as a specific event or period of apostasy that precedes significant eschatological events.

It is worth noting that the term "falling away" has also been used in non-religious contexts to describe a departure or separation from various beliefs, ideologies, or societal norms.

In summary, the term "falling away" has been used within Christian theology to describe the act of departing from or abandoning the faith. Its meaning and significance have evolved over time, reflecting the changing interpretations and theological perspectives within Christianity.

Some erroneous quotations include:

• 1) the great falling away
• 2) the falling away
• 3) the falling away from the faith
• 4) the great falling away from the faith

Acts 21:21

In Acts 21:21 the word ἀποστασία is translated as forsake.

• Acts 21:21 And they are informed of thee, that thou teachest all the Jews which are among the Gentiles to forsake Moses, saying that they ought not to circumcise their children, neither to walk after the customs.

Scriptures Containing Forsake

Other Translations

• 1382 For but dissencioun come first (Wycliffe)
• 1534 excepte ther come a departynge fyrst (Tyndale)
• 1535 excepte the departynge come first (Coverdale Bible)
• 1537 except there come a departyng first (Matthew's Bible)
• 1539 excepte ther come a departynge fyrst (Great Bible)
• 1560 except there come a departing first (Geneva Bible)
• 1568 excepte there come a fallyng away first (Bishops Bible)
• 1611 except there come a falling away first (KJV)
• 1833 except there come a falling away first (Webster's)
• 1876 except an apostasy come first (Julia E. Smith)
• 1862 if the falling away may not come first (Young's)
• 1952 unless the rebellion comes first, (RSV)
• until the rebellion occurs (NIV) (first omitted)
• until the rebellion occurs (NIVUK) (first omitted)
• 1982 unless the falling away comes first (NKJV)
• 1993 unless first comes the falling away, (Greens)
• until many people turn away from God (NLV)
• until there is a great rebellion against God (NLT)
• unless the apostasy comes first (NASB)
• unless the apostasy comes first (NASB 1995)
• before the final rebellion occurs (NCB)
• until the rebellion comes (NET)
• unless the rebellion comes first (ESV)
• unless a revolt takes place first (GW)
• unless the apostasy comes first (HCSB)
• until the turning away from God happens (ICB)
• unless the rebellion takes place first (ISV)
• before there arises a definite rejection of God (Phillips)
• First, the Apostasy. (Message)
• 2009 unless the falling away comes first (English Majority Text Version)
• 2014 unless a falling away comes first (MEV)
• unless the rebellion comes first (Mounce)
• until people rise up against God. (NIRV)
• unless the Merid (Rebellion, Revolt, the [Anti-Moshiach] Shmad Betrayal Defection of Apostasy, the Azivah Abandonment) Desertion comes rishonah (first), (OJB)
• unless an apostasy comes first (RGT)
• unless the rebellion comes first (WEB)

A non-spatial noun?

The word "ἀποστασία" (apostasia) in its original Greek form does not inherently imply a non-spatial meaning. The term itself is neutral and can be used in both spatial and non-spatial contexts.

While "ἀποστασία" can be translated as an "apostasy" in religious or theological discussions, its precise meaning can vary depending on the specific context in which it is used. In some cases, it may refer to a spiritual or moral deviation from a particular belief or doctrine, which would be considered a non-spatial concept. However, it can also be used in a more general sense to denote a physical departure or separation from a location or group, which would then be considered a spatial application of the term.

Therefore, it is essential to consider the specific context in which "ἀποστασία" is used to determine whether it carries a spatial or non-spatial meaning.

ἀποστασία and ἀφίστασις

Despite what several popular preachers claim, ἀφίστασις (aphistasis) and ἀποστασία (apostasia) are related terms in Greek. They share a common root, ἵστημι (histēmi), which means "to stand" or "to cause to stand." Both words are derived from this root, but they have slightly different nuances in meaning.

ἀφίστασις (aphistasis) is a noun derived from the verb ἀφίστημι (aphistēmi), which means "to withdraw" or "to stand away from." It carries the sense of physically moving away or departing from a location or position. In a figurative sense, it can also denote a departure or separation from a specific belief or course of action. ἀποστασία (apostasia), on the other hand, is derived from the verb ἀφίστημι (aphistēmi) with the prefix ἀπό (apo), which often signifies "away" or "from." ἀποστασία primarily conveys the idea of a departure, falling away, or rebellion in a broader sense.

While there is a clear etymological connection between ἀφίστασις and ἀποστασία, the latter term has become more commonly associated with the theological concept of apostasy merely due to how it has been interpreted over the years. It is important to note that the specific usage and meaning of these terms can vary based on the context in which they are used.

Septuagint usage of ἀποστασία

The word ἀποστασία appears in the Greek LXX in Joshua 22:22, 2 Chronicles 29:19, and Jeremiah 2:19.

Joshua 22:22 בְּמֶ֤רֶד

• אֵל אֱלֹהִים יְהוָה אֵל אֱלֹהִים יְהוָה הוּא יֹדֵעַ וְיִשְׂרָאֵל הוּא יֵדָע אִם־ בְּמֶרֶד וְאִם־בְּמַעַל בַּֽיהוָה אַל־תּוֹשִׁיעֵנוּ הַיּוֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ (Masoretic Text)

• Ὁ θεὸς θεός ἐστιν Κύριος, καὶ ὁ θεὸς θεὸς αὐτὸς οἶδεν, καὶ Ἰσραὴλ αὐτὸς γνώσεται· εἰ ἐν ἀποστασίᾳ ἐπλημμελήσαμεν ἔναντι τοῦ κυρίου, μὴ ῥύσαιτο ἡμᾶς ἐν ταύτῃ· (Swete's Septuagint)

• The LORD, the Mighty One, is God! The LORD, the Mighty One, is God! He knows, and may Israel also know. If this was in rebellion or breach of faith against the LORD, do not spare us today. (Brenton LXX)

• The LORD God of gods, the LORD God of gods, he knoweth, and Israel he shall know; if it be in rebellion, or if in transgression against the LORD, (save us not this day,) (KJV)

...if we bildiden this auter for entent of trespassyng, `that is, of ydolatrye... (Wycliffe Bible 1382)

...yf this be a trangressynge or trespacynge agaynst the LORDE... (Coverdale Bible 1535)

...yf it be to rebelle or transgresse agaynste the Lorde... (Matthew's Bible 1537)

...If it be to rebelle, or to transgresse agaynst the Lorde... (The Great Bible 1539)

...if by rebellion, or by transgression against ye Lord we haue done it... (Geneva Bible 1560)

...yf it be to rebell or to transgresse against the Lorde... (Bishops Bible 1568)

...if it be in rebellion, or if in transgression against the LORD... (King James Version 1611)

A rebel is a separatist.

2 Chronicles 29:19

The report to Hezekiah explicitly mentioned Ahaz who removed the temple utensils from Solomon's temple, which in post-exilic times were continued to be used in the second temple, after being returned by the Persians to those who resettled Jerusalem. While the scriptures are translated from the Hebrew, many times those claiming ἀποστασίᾳ always means a non-spatial sense are rejecting the clear translation of the word which is translated from the Hebrew הִזְנִיחַ. In this instance, the vessels were taken from the temple by Ahaz and then later were restored back to the temple. This alone shows that הִזְנִיחַ being translated in the LXX as ἀποστασίᾳ here is clearly spatial. 2 Chronicles 28 says:

22  And in the time of his distress did he trespass yet more against the LORD: this is that king Ahaz. 23  For he sacrificed unto the gods of Damascus, which smote him: and he said, Because the gods of the kings of Syria help them, therefore will I sacrifice to them, that they may help me. But they were the ruin of him, and of all Israel. 24  And Ahaz gathered together the vessels of the house of God, and cut in pieces the vessels of the house of God, and shut up the doors of the house of the LORD, and he made him altars in every corner of Jerusalem. 25  And in every several city of Judah he made high places to burn incense unto other gods, and provoked to anger the LORD God of his fathers. 

The “gathered together” (0622 אסף 'acaph ) here, which is the original story of 2 Chronicles 29:19 – “which king Ahaz in his reign did cast away in his transgression”, means in the AV - together 51, gather 86, assemble 15, rereward 5, misc 51; 200. [6]

This means that firstly, ἀποστασίᾳ here is akin to הִזְנִיחַ, and this means to be “cast away”, and secondly, in the context, when retroactively speaking about when Ahaz transgressed, the term “gathered together” is used. Just this alone destroys the concept that ἀποστασίᾳ "never means physical departure”, as Alan Kurshner claims.

• וְאֵת כָּל־הַכֵּלִים אֲשֶׁר הִזְנִיחַ הַמֶּלֶךְ אָחָז בְּמַלְכוּתוֹ בְּמַעֲלוֹ הֵכַנּוּ וְהִקְדָּשְׁנוּ וְהִנָּם לִפְנֵי מִזְבַּח יְהוָה ס (Masoretic Text)

• Moreover all the vessels, which king Ahaz in his reign did cast away in his transgression, have we prepared and sanctified, and, behold, they are before the altar of the LORD. (KJV)

• καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη ἃ ἐμίανεν Ἄχας ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ ἀποστασίᾳ αὐτοῦ ἡτοιμάκαμεν καὶ ἡγνίκαμεν· ἰδού ἐστιν ἐναντίον τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου Κυρίου. (Swete's Septuagint)

• and all the vessels which king Achaz polluted in his reign, in his apostasy, we have prepared and purified: behold, they are before :the altar of the Lord. (Brenton LXX)

...which purtenaunce king Achaz hadde defoulid in his rewme, aftir that he brak the lawe... (Wycliffe Bible 1382)

...that kynge Achas cast awaye wha he was kynge, what tyme as he transgressed... (Coverdale Bible 1535)

...whyche kyng Ahaz dyd cast a syde when he raygned and transgressed... (Matthew's Bible 1537)

...which kyng Ahaz did cast a syde when he raygned & transgressed... (The Great Bible 1539)

...which King Ahaz had cast aside when he reigned, and transgressed... (Geneva Bible 1560)

...which king Ahaz did cast aside, when he raigned, & transgressed... (Bishops Bible 1568)

...which king Ahaz in his reign did cast away in his transgression.... (King James Version 1611)

Jeremiah 2:19

• παιδεύσει σε ἡ ἀποστασία σου, καὶ ἡ κακία σου ἐλέγξει σε καὶ γνῶθι καὶ ἰδὲ ὅτι πικρόν σοι τὸ καταλιπεῖν σε ἐμέ λέγει κύριος ὁ θεός σου καὶ οὐκ εὐδόκησα ἐπὶ σοί λέγει κύριος ὁ θεός σου (Swete's Septuagint)

• Thine apostasy shall correct thee, and thy wickedness shall reprove thee: know then, and see, that thy forsaking me has been bitter to thee, saith the Lord thy God; and I have taken no pleasure in thee, saith the Lord thy God. (Brenton LXX)

• Thine own wickedness shall correct thee, and thy backslidings shall reprove thee: know therefore and see that it is an evil thing and bitter, that thou hast forsaken the LORD thy God, and that my fear is not in thee, saith the Lord GOD of hosts. (KJV)

• Arguet te malitia tua, et aversio tua increpabit te. Scito et vide, quia malum et amarum est reliquisse te Dominum Deum tuum, et non esse timorem mei apud te, dicit Dominus Deus exercituum. (Clemintine Vulgate)

...Thine owne wickednesse shal reproue the, and thy turnynge awaye shal condemne the... (Coverdale Bible 1535)

...Thyne owne wickednesse shall reproue the, and thy turnynge awaye shal condemne the... (Matthew's Bible 1537)

...Thyne awne wickednesse shall reproue the, & thy turnynge awaye shall condemne the... (The Great Bible 1539)

...Thine owne wickednes shall correct thee, and thy turnings backe shall reprooue thee... (Geneva Bible 1560)

...Thine owne wickednesse shall reproue thee, and thy turnyng away shall condempne thee... (Bishops Bible 1568)

...Thine own wickedness shall correct thee, and thy backslidings shall reprove thee...(King James Version 1611)

1 Maccabees 2:15

• καὶ ἦλθον οἱ παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως οἱ καταναγκάζοντες τὴν ἀποστασίαν εἰς Μωδεϊν τὴν πόλιν ἵνα θυσιάσωσιν (Swete's Septuagint)

• In the mean while the king's officers, such as compelled the people to revolt, came into the city Modin, to make them sacrifice. (Brenton's Septuagint Translation)

• In the mean while the king's officers, such as compelled the people to revolt, came into the city Modin, to make them sacrifice. (KJV 1611)

• And they that were sent from king Antiochus came thither, to compel them that were fled into the city of Modin, to sacrifice, and to burn incense, and to depart from the law of God. (Douay-Rheims 1899 American Edition)

• Then the king's officers who were enforcing the apostasy came to the city of Mo′de-in to make them offer sacrifice. (RSV)

...which purtenaunce king Achaz hadde defoulid in his rewme, aftir that he brak the lawe... (Wycliffe Bible 1382)

In the Old Testament

Thucydides

After the withdrawal of the Argives from the alliance, the Mantineans also, although at first opposed to this course, afterwards, finding themselves unable to hold out without the Argives, likewise made an agreement with the Lacedaemonians and relinquished their sovereignty over the cities [7]

Josephus

Josephus. Jewish War 7.82

So when a great part of the Germans had agreed to rebel [ἀποστασίαν], and the rest were no better disposed, Vespasian, as guided by Divine Providence, sent letters to Petilius Cerealis, who had formerly had the command of Germany...

Josephus. Jewish War 7.164

Macherus; for it was highly necessary that this citadel should be demolished, lest it might be a means of drawing away many into a rebellion [ἀποστασίαν], by reason of its strength; for the nature of the place was very capable of affording the surest hopes of safety to those that possessed it, as well as delay and fear to those that should attack it...

Josephus. Life 43

When John, the son of Levi, saw some of the citizens much elevated upon their revolt [ἀποστασίαν] from the Romans...

Justin Martyr

Justin Martyr, dial. cum Tryph. c. 110, p. 203:

δύο παρουσίαι αὐτοῦ κατηγγελμέναι εισί , μία μὲν ὲν ᾗ παθητὸς καὶ ἄδοξος καὶ ἄτιμος καὶ σταυρούμενος κεκήρυκται , ἡ δὲ δευτέρα ἐν ᾗ μετὰ δόξης ὰπὸ τῶν οὐρανῶν πάρεσται , ὅταν καὶ ὁ τῆς ἀποστασίας ἄνθρωπος , ὁ καὶ εἰς τὸν ὕψιστον ἔξαλλα λαλῶν , ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἄνομα τολμήσῃ εἰς ἡμᾶς τοὺς Χριστιανούς .

Translated as:

Two of his appearances have been revealed: one in which he is vulnerable, despised, dishonored, and crucified has been proclaimed, and the second in which he will come with glory from the heavens, when the rebellious individual, who even dares to speak arrogantly against the Supreme Being, will unlawfully target us Christians on Earth.

Archimedes of Syracuse

Archimedes of Syracuse (287-212 BC):

... Ἀρίσταρχος δὲ ὁ Σάμιος ὑποθέσιών τινῶν ἐξέδωκεν γραφάς, ἐν αἷς ἐκ τῶν ὑποκειμένων συμβαίνει τὸν κόσμον πολλαπλάσιον εἶμεν τοῦ νῦν εἰρημένου. Ὑποτίθεται γὰρ τὰ μὲν ἀπλανέα τῶν ἄστρων καὶ τὸν ἅλιον μένειν ἀκίνητον, τὰν δὲ γᾶν περιφέρεσθαι περὶ τὸν ἅλιον κατὰ κύκλου περιφέρειαν, ὅς ἐστιν ἐν μέσῳ τῷ δρόμῳ κείμενος, τὰν δὲ τῶν ἀπλανέων ἄστρων σφαῖραν περὶ τὸ αὐτὸ κέντρον τῷ ἁλίῳ κειμέναν τῷ μεγέθει τηλικαύταν εἶμεν, ὥστε τὸν κύκλον, καθ᾿ ὃν τὰν γᾶν ὑποτίθεται περιφέρεσθαι, τοιαύταν ἔχειν ἀναλογίαν ποτὶ τὰν τῶν ἀπλανέων ἀποστασίαν, οἵαν ἔχει τὸ κέντρον τᾶς σφαίρας ποτὶ τὰν ἐπιφάνειαν. Τοῦτό γʼ εὔδηλον ὡς ἀδύνατόν... [8]

In his Arenarius published in Basel (1544) Archimedes mentions Aristarchus's heliocentrism as follows:

...Aristarchus of Samos has set forth writings of certain hypotheses, in which from the things that are established it follows that the universe is many times greater than that now told. For it is proposed that the fixed [ones] of the stars and the sun remain motionless, and that the earth is borne around the sun along the circumference of a circle, [the sun] remaining in the middle of the course, and the sphere of the fixed stars lying around the same center as the sun being of so great a magnitude, that the circle, along which the earth is presumed to be borne, has such a proportion to the distance of the fixed [ones], as the center of the sphere has to the surface...

Cyprian

Cyprian of Carthage in about 250 AD said:,

“We who see that terrible things have begun, and know that still more terrible things are imminent, may regard it as the greatest advantage to depart from it as quickly as possible. Do you not give God thanks, do you not congratulate yourself, that by an early departure you are taken away, and delivered from the shipwrecks and disasters that are imminent?”

Codex Bezae

Acts 21:21 Codex Bezae Greek has ἀποστασία as in 2 Thessalonians 2:3.

https://archive.org/details/romanschismillus00perc/page/348/mode/2up

Olympiodorus Philosophus

Olympiodorus Philosophus, a Greek monk, said also to have been a deacon of a church in Alexandria, is believed to have lived in the first part of the 6th century A.D. He was a Peripatetic in philosophy, and wrote a commentary on the Meteorologica of Aristotle, which was printed by Aldus (Venice, 1561, fol.). He is sometimes called the Younger, to distinguish him from the Peripatetic philosopher of the same name who was the master of Proclus, but who is not known to us by any extant work. He also wrote a commentary on Ecclesiastes, which is printed in the Auctarium Patr. Due. 2:602 sq., and in the Bibl. Max. Patr. 18:490. His Notes on Job are included in the Catena of Nicetas on that book (Lond. 1637, fol.); and his Notes on Jeremiah in the Catena Ghisteriana.[9]

αποστασία appears in Olympiodorus Philosophus, Aristotelis Meteora commentaria, the effect of heat and cold on solids and liquids, the evaporation of liquids. [10]

<Περὶ μὲν οὖν πηκτοῦ καὶ ἀπήκτου καὶ τηκτοῦ καὶ

ἀτήκτου εἴρηται μὲν καθόλου πρότερον.>

319.25

Τὸ περὶ πηκτοῦ καὶ τηκτοῦ πάλιν ὁ φιλόσοφος ἐπανακεφαλαιοῦται,

οὐχ ὥς τινες ᾠήθησαν βουλόμενος ἐπιτομὴν ποιήσασθαι τῶν ἀνωτέρω περὶ

αὐτῶν ἐργωδῶς εἰρημένων· ἀλλὰ τοῦτο ποιεῖ χάριν τοῦ ἐπανορθώσασθαι

τὸ παχυμερῶς εἰρημένον ἐν τοῖς προλαβοῦσι, ταὐτὸν δ' εἰπεῖν ὅτι ἔλεγε

τοὺς ἅλας καὶ τὸ νίτρον θερμῷ πήγνυσθαι καὶ ψυχρῷ λύεσθαι. ἔστι δὲ

319.30

ἡ ἐπανακεφαλαίωσις τοιαύτη· τῶν πηγνυμένων τὰ μὲν ὕδατός ἐστι, τὰ δὲ

γῆς. καὶ ὅσα μὲν ὕδατός ἐστιν, ἐκεῖνα ψυχρῷ πήγνυται, ἀπουσίᾳ δ' ὑγρῶν

320.1

πήγνυται, τουτέστι ξηρῷ. ἀλλ' ἵνα τὸ μὴ ποιεῖν ὑλικῇ αἰτίᾳ ἀπονέμῃ ὁ

320.2

Ἀριστοτέλης, τουτέστι τὴν πῆξιν, τῇ ξηρότητι τὴν αἰτίαν τῆς ἀποστασίας

τοῦ ὑγροῦ παρατίθεται καὶ ταύτῃ δίδωσι τὴν πῆξιν, τουτέστι τὴν θερ-

μότητα. ἡ γὰρ θερμότης ἐξικμάζουσα τὴν ὑγρότητα ποιεῖ τῇ ἀπουσίᾳ τοῦ

320.5

ὑγροῦ ξηρότητα, ἥτις πήγνυσι τοὺς ἅλας καὶ τὸ νίτρον, ὡς εἶναι τὰ δύο

πηγνύντα ταῦτα αἴτια θερμότητα καὶ ξηρότητα. ἀλλὰ πόρρω μὲν αἴτιον ἡ

θερμότης, προσεχὴς δ' ἡ ξηρότης. εἶτα ἐπειδὴ περὶ πηκτοῦ καὶ τηκτοῦ

καὶ ἀτήκτου ἀρκούντως διειλέχθη, λείπεται δ' ἔτι τὸ ἄπηκτον τῷ λόγῳ,

περὶ τούτου διαλέγεται καὶ παραδίδωσι τὰ τούτου ποιητικὰ αἴτια.ον τῷ λόγῳ,

περὶ τούτου διαλέγεται καὶ παραδίδωσι τὰ τούτου ποιητικὰ αἴτια.

translation:

"Concerning the solid, melted, hardened, and unhardened, it was spoken of earlier in a general sense. The philosopher summarizes again about the solid and melted, not intending to make a summary of the previously mentioned works on these matters. Instead, he does this to rectify what was previously stated in a cumbersome manner in the preceding parts. It is the same to say that he claimed that salt and nitre solidify with heat and dissolve with cold. The recapitulation is as follows: the solidified substances are either of water or earth. Those that belong to water solidify with cold and become unhardened in the absence of moisture, that is, with dryness. But in order to not attribute the cause of solidification to a material cause, Aristotle, namely, dryness, presents the cause of the separation of moisture and attributes solidification to this, namely, to heat. Because heat, by evaporating moisture, causes dryness in the absence of moisture, which solidifies salt and nitre, as the two causes of solidification, namely, heat and dryness. However, heat is the remote cause, and dryness is the proximate one. Then, since enough has been discussed about the solid, melted, and hardened, and unhardened, and the topic of the unhardened is still remaining, he speaks and presents the poetical causes of this."

The Assumption of the Virgin

Apocryphal works are both a curse and a blessing. On one hand we know the deception of these works wreak havoc in the minds of many, such as the bizarre fascination with the gnostic book of Enoch for example. On the other hand, many times the words being used reveal the usage of that particular word in history.

The Assumption of the Virgin is an apocryphal work form about 450 AD that contains the word ἀποστασία (apostasia).

In sections 31–32 we read:

"But the Holy Ghost said to the apostles and the mother of the Lord, 'Behold, the governor has sent a captain of a thousand against you, because the Jews have made a tumult. Go out therefore from Bethlehem, and fear not; for behold, I will bring you by a cloud to Jerusalem….

The apostles therefore rose up straightaway and went out of the house, bearing the bed of their lady the mother of God, and went forward towards Jerusalem: and immediately, just as the Holy Ghost said, they were lifted up by a cloud and were found at Jerusalem in the house of their lady."

Here we clearly have the description of a “rapture” of the apostles and mother of the Lord. The story continues in section 33:

"But when the captain came to Bethlehem and did not find there the mother of the Lord, nor the apostles, he laid hold upon the Bethlehemites… For the captain did not know of the departure (ἀποστασία) of the apostles and the mother of the Lord to Jerusalem."

This is clear evidence that ἀποστασία apostasia can refer to a “rapture” and a "departure". The word definitions and also the morphology and syntax of the Koine is very similar to Byzantine. Some scholars would make out it became like Chinese after 300 AD to dismiss such an obvious historical link to the rapture. Some peoples hatred for the pre-trib position will cause an irrational emotional response rather than a chance to learn and grow, even if one disagrees. A total of 46 manuscripts from the 8th to 15th cent., listed in Mimouni, Dormition et Assumption de Marie.

It is very reminiscent of the "caught up" in 1 Thessalonians 4:17 in the first section and the "falling away/departure" of 2 Thessalonians 2:3 in the second.

Quran

An early anonymous Greek translation of the Qur'an [11]:

V

Qur'an 2:176

وإن الَّذِينَ الختلفوا في الكتب أفى شقاق بعيد وَإِنَّ

- Förstel 56; PG 105.721a8

Οἵτινες δὲ ἀμφιβάλλονται ἐν ταῖς γραφαῖς, εἰσὶν ἐν ἀποστασία μακρά. "And those :who doubt about the writings are in far apostasy".

Erasmus

Calvin

As, however, interpreters have twisted this passage in various ways, we must first of all endeavor to ascertain Paul’s true meaning. He says that the day of Christ will not come, until the world has fallen into apostasy, and the reign of Antichrist has obtained a footing in the Church; for as to the exposition that some have given of this passage, as referring to the downfall of the Roman empire, it is too silly to require a lengthened refutation. I am also surprised, that so many writers, in other respects learned and acute, have fallen into a blunder in a matter that is so easy, were it not that when one has committed a mistake, others follow in troops without consideration. Paul, therefore, employs the term apostasy to mean — a treacherous departure from God, and that not on the part of one or a few individuals, but such as would spread itself far and wide among a large multitude of persons. For when apostasy is made mention of without anything being added, it cannot be restricted to a few. Now, none can be termed apostates, but such as have previously made a profession of Christ and the gospel. Paul, therefore, predicts a certain general revolt of the visible Church. “The Church must be reduced to an unsightly and dreadful state of ruin, before its full restoration be effected.”

From this we may readily gather, how useful this prediction of Paul is, for it might have seemed as though that could not be a building of God, that was suddenly overthrown, and lay so long in ruins, had not Paul long before intimated that it would be so. Nay more, many in the present day, when they consider with themselves the long-continued dispersion of the Church, begin to waver, as if this had not been regulated by the purpose of God. The Romanists, also, with the view of justifying the tyranny of their idol, make use of this pretext — that it was not possible that Christ would forsake his spouse. The weak, however, have something here on which to rest, when they learn that the unseemly state of matters which they behold in the Church was long since foretold; while, on the other hand, the impudence of the Romanists is openly exposed, inasmuch as Paul declares that a revolt will come, when the world has been brought under Christ’s authority. Now, we shall see presently, why it is that the Lord has permitted the Church, or at least what appeared to be such, to fall off in so shameful a manner. [12]

Stephanus

Reformation Era English Bibles

• 1382 ...For but dissencioun come first... (Wycliffe Bible)
• 1534 ...excepte ther come a departynge fyrst... (Tyndale Bible)
• 1535 ...excepte the departynge come first... (Coverdale Bible)
• 1537 ...except there come a departyng first... (Matthew's Bible)
• 1539 ...excepte ther come a departynge fyrst... (Great Bible)
• 1560 ...except there come a departing first... (Geneva Bible)
• 1568 ...excepte there come a fallyng away first... (Bishops' Bible)

Geneva Bible

In the 1560 Geneva Bible, the term "departure" is used in 2 Thessalonians 2:3, and it is understood as synonymous with "falling away." It used "departure" to translate the Greek word "apostasia" in this verse. In that era, most understood it as referring to a departure from the true faith or a falling away from the teachings of the early Christian church. This translation choice was influenced by the theological context of the Reformation, where the idea of departing from corrupt religious institutions and returning to the true teachings of Christianity was significant.

Theodore Beza

In his 1598 Annotations, Beza has:

Ante adventum Domini prædicit Apostolus erigendum thronum aliquen gloriaæ Christi ex diametro oppositum, in quo perditus ille sedens, omnis quæ Dei sunt ad se transfert, plerisque a deo a ipsum deficientibus.

translated as:

Before the coming of the Lord, the apostle foretold that a throne would be erected diametrically opposite to the glory of Christ, in which the lost one, sitting, transfers to himself all that is God's, and most of them fall from God.

Douay Rheims

King James Version

Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition;

KJV 1611 Falling Away Translators to the Reader

George Abbott

King James Translator George Abbott said the 'falling away' is an apostasy and revolt:

"Our Savior’s words intend so much, when alluding to the time of his second appearance, to judge the quick and the dead, he asketh, Nevertheless, when the Son of man cometh, shall he find faith on earth (Luke 18:8)? As meaning, that very little should then be found, in comparison of the Floods and Ocean of iniquity which everywhere should abound. But God, to the end that he might not have us ignorant but warned beforehand into what straights the Church should be brought, informeth us by Saint Paul (2 Thes. 2. 3), that the Lord shall not come, except there first be an apostasy, or revolt, or falling away, wherein Antichrist with great pride and disdain should shew himself. This is solemnly spoken of by the Apostle, and by all both old and new, intreating of it, is observed to some matter of great note. Many of our Papists fearing to touch this sore, which can in no case turn them to good, would have that interpreted, to note nothing else but the slipping of divers regions & countries from their subjection to the Roman Empire. (A treatise of the perpetual visibility, and succession of the true church in all ages) (1624; p.13-14).

John Mill

[13]

D. A. Carson

D. A. Carson's and the "root fallacy", is a concept mentioned by Alan Kurschner claiming that ἀφίστασις (aphistasis) and ἀποστασία (apostasia) are only etymologically related terms in Greek but ἀποστασία always means a non-spatial sense. [14]

Wayne House

Wayne House in his 1995 book When the Trumpet Sounds, says:

The noun form allows for apostasia as a simple departure in the classical period, proved by examples from Liddell and Scott. Their lexicon gives “departure” or “disappearance” as secondary meanings. If one says that this is not important because this meaning is only classical or ancient and thus lost its meaning by the time of the New Testament period, then I may turn to this same root meaning for apostasia in the patristic era immediately following the New Testament period, as indicated in definitions for the noun form in Lampe’s Patristic Greek Lexicon.

Although the noun used in the sense of a spatial departure is not the normal meaning (though it is true for the verb) during New Testament time, the word is found with this meaning in time periods before and after the New Testament era, and it is likely to have been understood this way at least sometimes. It was also understood to have this meaning in 2 Thessalonians 2:3 by the fourth-century translator Jerome, where in his text he translates hē apostasia as the Latin discessio, meaning “departure.” (Wayne House, “Apostasia in 2 Thessalonians 2:3: Apostasy or Rapture?” P. 273.)

KJV Today

There are two issues here: the translation of the noun and the proper translation of the article. The noun is αποστασια. Although it could mean “rebellion,” the most literal translation is “departing” or “falling away.” Αποστασια, derived from the words “απο (away from)” and “στασισ (standing),” means “away from standing” or “falling away.” “Rebellion” is the figurative meaning, since the act of rebellion is due to “falling away” from authority (whether it be the truth or a government). Although it is common to interpret this “falling away” as the end-time rebellion, the literal translation enables the reader to interpret “falling away” as referring to the departing of believers from earth in the rapture. In a chapter as mysterious and ambiguous as 2 Thessalonians 2 it may be wise not to translate anything too narrowly in a way that eliminates the possibility of various valid interpretations.

In regards to the article, αποστασια is preceded by “η,” the definite article. The definite article would normally be translated as “the.” However, the KJV reads “a falling away.” This is because the use of the article here is to substantivise the verb-like noun “αποστασια.” Αποστασια is without a doubt a noun, but it has the connotation of a participle verb. It means, “falling away,” which in English is a gerund, a verb-turned-noun. Without the article, the passage would read in the sense of “that day shall not come, except falling away comes first.” The substantiver makes it clearer that “falling away” is an event (noun) rather than a generic act of falling away (verb). Since there is no indefinite article in Greek, the best way to substantivise the noun and give it greater force as a noun is to precede the verb-like-noun with a definite article. Since the definite article here is neither anaphoric nor kataphoric (referring to something previous or following) nor deictic/demonstrative (pointing to something), there is no need to translate the article as the definite article in English. English has the indefinite article which serves a substantivising function, so “a falling away” is a valid translation. [15]

Will Kinney

2 Thessalonians 2:3 “A falling away” or “THE falling away”?

“Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come A FALLING AWAY FIRST, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition”

A Bible agnostic railed against the King James Bible and posted a "Laundry list" of alleged errors he copied and pasted from an anti-King James Bible site that is pro-Textus Receptus and pro NKJV, but claims there are many errors in the King James Bible.

Among their Laundry List of alleged errors is 2 Thessalonians 2:3 where the KJB says “except there come A falling away first” and the NKJV says “unless THE falling away comes first”.

These King James Bible critics raise a big stink about how the KJB does NOT translate the definite article “the” before “falling away”. Throughout their article they WAY overstate their case and come up with some really wild claims.

They tell us: “A textual error occurs when translators supply or omits words which are not in the Greek text with no indication, such as italics, that a word has been added, or a reference to word(s) not translated. In 2 Thessalonians 2:3, the KJV Translators failed to translate the definite article -the- preceding the Greek word for ―apostasy in the Textus Receptus. ―The apostasy refers to a specific event at a specific point in time—the great apostasy of the Church from the faith of Jesus Christ prior to the Tribulation period. Only the Coverdale Bible and the New King James Version (NKJV) translated the definite article ―the - which is in the Greek text. Bible versions which fail to translate the definite article in 2 Thessalonians 2:3, diminish the magnitude of the end time apostasy, thereby facilitating false teachings which limit the end time apostasy to the ecumenical movement. Some modern versions (NIV, RSV, NLT, CEV, Good News) mistranslate ―apostasia as rebellion, which changes the falling away from the Word of God to a revolt against man‘s authority.”

These Textus Receptus promoters are wrong on several counts, but at least they have some kind of a definite standard you can pin them down on. What they are totally missing is the FACT that there is no such thing as “the” Textus Receptus. There are about 25 different varieties of the TR and they all differ from each other textually.

And “the” TR they are upholding as their “final authority” didn’t even exist until 1894 when Scrivener back translated the King James Bible into the Greek textual readings they followed, be it Erasmus, Stephanus or Beza. Usually is was the Greek text of Beza.

So these TR guys are putting the cart in front of the horse.

There WAS no exact “the” TR they are using, until AFTER the King James Bible was finished. They have to somehow believe that the TR the King James Bible translators ended up with was right, but their translation of it was wrong. When in fact it was the English translation that determined what was to be these KJB critic’s “the TR”.

Secondly, like most Bible agnostics and unbelievers in the inerrancy of ANY Bible these KJB critics confuse the Word of God (the Lord Jesus Christ) with “the word of God” - his written revelation.

See my article Don't Confuse "the Word of God" with "the word of God"

http://brandplucked.webs.com/wordofgodwordofgod.htm

They say: “…which changes the falling away from the Word of God to a revolt against man‘s authority.”

The Word of God is the Lord Jesus Christ; it is not the written word of God which is the only source God has given us that tells us who the Word of God is, what he taught and what he did to redeem his people.

And NOBODY, not even these KJB critics, really believes the NKJV or any Bible in any language IS the complete and inerrant words of God.

See Is the NKJV the inerrant words of God? Not a Chance!

http://brandplucked.webs.com/nkjvsameaskjb.htm

So who is it that is potentially part of this “falling away” that will happen before the glorious return of our Lord Jesus Christ? Is it the KJB critics who have NO complete and inerrant Bible to believe in themselves or to give to anybody else, or the King James Bible believers?

Thirdly, they show their ignorance when they talk about the use of the definite article and their NKJV. The NKJV OFTEN puts a definite article in their translation that is NOT there “in the Greek”, and they OFTEN OMIT IT in their translation when it IS there. So too do versions like the ESV, NASB, NIV, NET, Holman, etc.

Here are some examples. If we look at the NKJV in 2 Thessalonians 2 verses 1 to 14, (which is not even the whole chapter), we see that the NKJV translators did NOT translate the definite article THE when it IS in the Greek some 14 times.

And 7 times they PUT the definite article IN their translation when it is NOT in the Greek text!

Just a few of these 14 times where the definite article is IN the Greek but NOT translated by the NKJV are “shaken in THE mind”, “son of THE perdition”, “temple of THE God”, “revealed in his THE own time”, "by the spirit of THE his mouth", “working of THE Satan”, “with all THE unrighteous deception”, and “by our THE gospel”.

And the places where they ADDED the definite article THE but it is NOT in the Greek text are “according to THE working of Satan”, “beloved by THE Lord”, “God from THE beginning”, “sanctification by THE Spirit and belief in THE truth”, and “for THE obtaining of THE glory”

So, you see, they do not even follow their own artificial rules whereby the condemn the King James Bible.

Fourthly, there is no “big difference” in meaning at all between saying “for that day shall not come, except there come A falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed” and “unless THE falling away comes first”. They both mean the same thing.

These KJB critics are making a mountain out of a molehill and seeing “error” where none exists.

Not only does the King James Bible say - “except there come A FALLING AWAY first” (or, A departure) but so also do the following Bible translations.

Tyndale 1524 “a departure”, The Great Bible 1540, Matthew’s Bible 1549 " A departing", the Bishops’ Bible 1568 -“A falling away”, the Geneva bible 1587, The Beza N.T. 1599 - “A departing first”, The Bill Bible 1671 - “A falling away first”, the Whiston N.T. 1745, The Worsley N.T. 1770, The Clarke N.T. 1795, The Improved N.T. 1809, the Webster Bible 1833, The Pickering N.T. 1840 - “A falling away first”, The Commonly Received Version 1841, the Julia Smith Translation 1855, The Smith Bible 1876, Godbey N.T. 1902, The Clarke N.T. 1913, the Bible in Basic English 1961, The Word of Yah Bible 1993, the 21st Century KJV 1994, The Revised Webster Bible 1995, The Third Millennium Bible 1998, the New Simplified Bible 2003, The Revised Geneva Bible 2005, Christogenea N.T. 2009 “apostasy”, The Jubilee Bible 2010, The Hebrew Transliteration Scripture 2010, The Bond Slave Version 2012 and The Modern English Version 2014 - “For that Day will not come unless A falling away comes first”

Other Translations

Lamsa’s 1933 translation of the Syriac Peshitta - “for that day shall not come, unless it is preceded by A rebellion”

New Life Version 1969 - “For the Lord will not come again until many people turn away from God.”

The Living Bible 1971 - “first, there will be a time of great rebellion against God”

J.B. Phillips New Testament 1972 - “there arises a definite rejection of God”

God’s Word Translation 1995 - “a revolt takes place first”

Worldwide English N.T. 1998 - “Before the day of the Lord comes, many people will stop believing God.”

The Tomson N.T. 2002 - “except there come A departing first”

Conservative Bible 2010 - “That day won't come until there is A rebellion and the sinful man is shown for who he is, the son of destruction”

The Work of God’s Children Bible 2010 - “for unless there come a revolt first”

Names of God Bible 2011 - “unless a revolt takes place first”

New International Reader’s Version 2014 - “That day will not come until people rise up against God.”

The New Living Translation 2015 - “For that day will not come until there is a great rebellion against God”

The King James Bible has NO errors in it at all, and these “Textus Receptus, NKJV” folks are the ones who are wrong in attacking God’s Infallible Book and promoting an inferior bible version that not even they themselves believe is the inerrant words of God.

Side Note - Another Weird Theory - "The Departure is the Rapture"

I have run into a couple of really weird Bible correcting guys who tell us that not only is the Greek word "apostasia" incorrectly translated as "a falling away" or even "the apostasy" but they tell us that it should be translated as "the departure" and that this supposedly means "the Rapture".

How anyone could read the context of verses 1 thru 3 and come up with this goofy idea is beyond me, but some do.

Verse one refers to the "rapture" when it says: 1. "Now we beseech you, brethren, by the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, AND BY OUR GATHERING TOGETHER UNTO HIM (this is the rapture), 2. That ye be not soon shaken in mind, or be troubled, neither by spirit, nor by word, nor by letter as from us, as that the day of Christ is at hand. 3. Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come (the coming of our Lord and our gathering together unto him) except there come A FALLING AWAY first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition."

IF the "falling away" or "the departure" is really referring to "the rapture", as these false teachers tell us, then the Scriptures here would be teaching that the day of Christ and the rapture can't occur until the rapture happens first!

Duh. False doctrines always end up making the Bible contradict itself.

The Greek word apostasia is only found twice in the N.T. The other place is in Acts 21:21 "And they are informed of thee, that thou teacheth all the Jews which are among the Gentiles TO FORSAKE Moses, saying they ought not to circumcise their children, neither to walk after the customs."

The word clearly means to abandon, to fall away from, to forsake and to leave behind something that previously was held to be true and valid.

ESV, ISV 2014, NET - "For that day will not come, unless the REBELLION comes first"

NKJV, NASB, Holman Standard 2017 - "For that day will not come unless the APOSTASY comes first"

There are several other Greek words God could have used here if he had meant to say "departure" or to move from one place to another, but they are not used here. For example: "his hour was come that he should DEPART out of this world unto the Father" (metabaino) John 13:1; "DEPART hence, and go into Judea" (metabaino) John 7:3; "Having a desire to DEPART and to be with Christ" (analuo) Philippians 1:23 or "Paul DEPARTED from Athens, and came to Corinth", "Claudius had commanded all Jews to DEPART from Rome" (korizo) Acts 18:1-2.

Άννα Κομνηνή

Άννα Κομνηνή (1083-1153):

Τῆς δ᾿ ἀποστασίας παρατεινομένης ὁ Οὐίνδιξ ἑαυτὸν ἀπέσφαξε, τῶν μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ στρατιωτῶν κινδυνευσάντων ὑπεραλγήσας καὶ πρὸς τὸ δαιμόνιον ἀγανακτήσας ὅτι τοσούτου πράγματος ὀριγνηθείς, τοῦ τὸν Νέρωνα καθελεῖν1 καὶ τοὺς Ῥωμαίους ἐλευθερῶσαι, οὐκ ἐξετέλεσεν αὐτό.—Zon. 11, 13 (p. 41, 19–24 D.)\

As the revolt continued, Vindex slew himself; for he felt exceedingly grieved because of the peril of his soldiers and was vexed at Fate because he had not been able to attain his goal in an undertaking of so great magnitude, namely the overthrow of Nero and the liberation of the Romans.[16] [17]

Liddell-Scott-Jones

ἀπο-στᾰσία, ἡ,

late form for ἀπόστασις,

1. defection, revolt, v.l. in D.H. 7.1, J. Vit. 10, Plu. Galb. 1; esp. in religious sense, rebellion against God, apostasy, LXX Joshua 22:22, 2 Thessalonians 2:3.

2. departure, disappearance, Olymp. in Mete. 320.2.

3. distinguishing, c. gen., Elias in Cat. 119.7.

4. distance, Archim. Aren. 1.5.

Latin

Discessio means primarily, “a separation, division”, and secondarily, “a going away, departure, removal”) in the Latin Vulgate.

Urdu

begashgadi departure

Baggage

• "the" falling away
• "the great" falling away

Greek

Textus Receptus

• 1514 Μήτις υμάς εξαπατήση κατά μηδένα τρόπον· ότι εάν μη ἕλθη / η αποστασία πρώτον, και αποκαλυφθή / ο άνθρωπος / της αμαρτιας, ο υιός / της απωλείας,/ (Complutensian Polyglot)

Desiderius Erasmus

• 1516 (Erasmus 1st Novum Instrumentum omne)

• 1519 (Erasmus 2nd)
• 1522 (Erasmus 3rd Novum Testamentum omne)
• 1527 (Erasmus 4th)
• 1535 (Erasmus 5th)

Colinæus

• 1534 (Colinæus)

Stephanus (Robert Estienne)

• 1546 (Robert Estienne (Stephanus) 1st)
• 1549 (Robert Estienne (Stephanus) 2nd)
• 1550 μή τις ὑμᾶς ἐξαπατήσῃ κατὰ μηδένα τρόπον ὅτι ἐὰν μὴ ἔλθῃ ἡ ἀποστασία πρῶτον καὶ ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας (Robert Estienne (Stephanus) 3rd - Editio Regia)
• 1551 μή τις ὑμᾶς ἐξαπατήσῃ κατὰ μηδένα τρόπον ὅτι ἐὰν μὴ ἔλθῃ ἡ ἀποστασία πρῶτον καὶ ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας (Robert Estienne (Stephanus) 4th)

Theodore Beza

• 1. 1556/57 In Latin (see below) - counted as Beza's first major edition. 1556 Edition and here. 1557 Edition Bibliothèque de Genève, shelf mark Bb 2341

• 1559 unauthorised Basel edition - (Bibliothèque de Genève, shelf mark Bb 2347 e-rara & ULB Sachsen-Anhalt
• 1563: Beza’s Responsio against Castellio (referred to on the title page of the 1565 and 1582 editions): e-rara (Bibliothèque de Genève, shelf mark Bb 150).

• 2. 1565 (Novum Testamentum,- counted as Beza's second major edition. Geneva)

• 1565 (a special copy with Beza’s own handwritten notes in preparation of the third edition (MHR O4 cd (565) a):[18]
• 1565 Minor edition

• 1567 Minor edition
• 1569: Tremellius’ Syriac NT, with Beza’s Greek and Latin text included: e-rara and Google
• 1575: a Latin-only edition which introduces Chapter summaries
• 1580 Minor edition and also another minor edition here

• 3. 1582 (Novum Testamentum. 2nd folio edition. Geneva.)

• 1590 Minor edition

• 4. 1588 (1588 e-rara] (Lausanne : Bibliothèque, shelf mark 2015);CSNTM; Archive; Google

• 1590 (Beza Octavo 4th)
• 1594: the Annotationes printed separately: e-rara.

• 5. 1598 Μή τις ὑμᾶς ἐξαπατήσῃ κατὰ μηδένα τρόπον· ὅτι ἐὰν μὴ ἔλθῃ ἡ ἀποστασία πρῶτον, καὶ ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας, ([e-rara. Novum Testamentum. 5th. Geneva.])See Also 2 Thessalonians 2:3 Beza 1598 (Beza)

• 1604 Minor edition

See Also 2 Thessalonians 2:3 Beza 1598 (Beza)

• 1604 (Beza Octavo 5th)

Elzevir

• 1624 (Elzevir)
• 1633 (Elzevir)
• 1641 (Elzevir)

Scholz

• 1841 (Scholz)

Scrivener

• 1894 μή τις ὑμᾶς ἐξαπατήσῃ κατὰ μηδένα τρόπον· ὅτι ἐὰν μὴ ἔλθῃ ἡ ἀποστασία πρῶτον, καὶ ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας,

Other Greek

• 1574 (Christopher Plantinus)
• 1857 (Tregelles' Greek New Testament)
• 1872 μή τις ὑμᾶς ἐξαπατήσῃ κατὰ μηδένα τρόπον· ὅτι ἐὰν μὴ ἔλθῃ ἡ ἀποστασία πρῶτον καὶ ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας, ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας, (Tischendorf 8th Ed.)
• 1881 μή τις ὑμᾶς ἐξαπατήσῃ κατὰ μηδένα τρόπον· ὅτι ἐὰν μὴ ἔλθῃ ἡ ἀποστασία πρῶτον καὶ ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας, ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας, (Westcott & Hort)
• 1904 μή τις ὑμᾶς ἐξαπατήσῃ κατὰ μηδένα τρόπον· ὅτι ἐὰν μὴ ἔλθῃ ἡ ἀποστασία πρῶτον καὶ ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας, ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας, (Nestle)
• 1904 μή τις ὑμᾶς ἐξαπατήσῃ κατὰ μηδένα τρόπον· ὅτι ἐὰν μὴ ἔλθῃ ἡ ἀποστασία πρῶτον καὶ ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας, (Greek orthodox Church)

Anglo Saxon Translations

• 1000 (Anglo-Saxon Gospels Manuscript 140, Corpus Christi College by Aelfric)

• 1200 (Anglo-Saxon Gospels Hatton Manuscript 38, Bodleian Library by unknown author)

English Translations

• 1382 No man disseyue you in ony manere. For but dissencioun come first, and the man of synne be schewid, the sonne of perdicioun, (Wyclif's Bible by John Wycliffe)

• 1395 (Wyclif's Bible by John Wycliffe)

• 1534 Let no ma deceave you by eny meanes for the lorde commeth not excepte ther come a departynge fyrst and that that synfnll man be opened ye sonne of perdicion (Tyndale Bible by William Tyndale)

• 1535 Let noman disceaue you by eny meanes. For the LORDE commeth not, excepte the departynge come first, and that that Man of synne be opened, euen the sonne of perdicion, (Coverdale Bible)

• 1537 Let no man deceyue you by any meanes, for the Lord commeth not, except there come a departyng first, and that, that sinful man be opened, the sonne of perdicyon (Matthew's Bible)

• 1539 Let no man deceaue you by eny meanes, for the Lorde shall not come excepte ther come a departynge fyrst, and that that synfull man be opened, the sonne of perdicyon, (Great Bible First Edition - Miles Coverdale)

• 1540 (Great Bible Second Edition - Miles Coverdale)

• 1549 (Matthew's Bible - John Rogers)

• 1557 (Geneva 1557)

• 1560 Let no man deceiue you by any meanes: for that day shall not come, except there come a departing first, and that that man of sinne be disclosed, euen the sonne of perdition, (Geneva Bible) First Edition

• 1568 Let no man deceaue you by any meanes, for [the Lorde shall not come] excepte there come a fallyng away first, & that that man of sinne be reuealed, the sonne of perdition, (Bishop's Bible First Edition

• 1582 (Rheims 1582)

• 1587 (Geneva Bible) by William Whittingham

• 1599 (Geneva Bible) by William Whittingham

• 1611 Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition; (King James Version)

• 1729 (Mace New Testament)

• 1745 (Mr. Whiston's Primitive New Testament)

• 1762 (King James Version)

• 1769 (King James Version - Benjamin Blayney)

• 1770 (Worsley Version by John Worsley)

• 1790 (Wesley Version by John Wesley)

• 1795 (A Translation of the New Testament from the Original Greek by Thomas Haweis)

• 1833 (Webster Version - by Noah Webster)

• 1835 (Living Oracles by Alexander Campbell)

• 1849 (Etheridge Translation by John Etheridge)

• 1850 (King James Version by Committee)

• 1851 (Murdock Translation)

• 1855 Calvin Bible by the Calvin Translation Society

• 1858 (The New Testament Translated from the Original Greek by Leicester Sawyer)

• 1865 (The Emphatic Diaglott by Benjamin Wilson)

• 1865 (The New Testament of Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ 1865 by American Bible Union)

• 1869 (Noyes Translation by George Noyes)

• 1873 (King James Version) by Frederick Scrivener)

• 1885 (Revised Version also called English Revised Version - Charles Ellicott editor)

• 1890 (Darby Version 1890 by John Darby)

• 1898 (Young's Literal Translation by Robert Young)

• 1901 The book of the generation of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham. (American Standard Version - Philip Schaff)

• 1902 The Lineage Roll of Jesus Christ,––Son of David, Son of Abraham. (The Emphasised Bible Rotherham Version)

• 1902 (Translation of the New Testament from the Original Greek by William Godbey)

• 1904 (The New Testament: Revised and Translated by Adolphus Worrell)

• 1904 (Twentieth Century New Testament by Ernest Malan and Mary Higgs)

• 1911 (Syrus Scofield)

• 1912 (Weymouth New Testament)

• 1918 (The New Testament Translated from the Sinaitic Manuscript by Henry Anderson)

• 1923 (Edgar Goodspeed)

• 1982 (New King James Version)

• 1984 (New International Version)

• 1995 (New American Standard Bible) (©1995)

• 1999 (American King James Version)AKJV

• 2005 (Today’s New International Version)

• (BBE)
• (Holman Christian Standard Bible)
• (21st Century King James Version)
• (Common English Bible)
• (GOD’S WORD Translation)
• (Contemporary English Version)
• (New Living Translation)
• (Amplified Bible)
• (The Message)
• (New International Reader's Version)
• (Wycliffe New Testament)

Foreign Language Versions

Arabic

• لا يخدعنكم احد على طريقة ما. لانه لا ياتي ان لم يات الارتداد اولا ويستعلن انسان الخطية ابن الهلاك (Arabic Smith & Van Dyke)

Aramaic

• ܠܡܐ ܐܢܫ ܢܛܥܝܟܘܢ ܒܚܕ ܡܢ ܐܤܟܡܝܢ ܡܛܠ ܕܐܢ ܠܐ ܬܐܬܐ ܠܘܩܕܡ ܡܪܘܕܘܬܐ ܘܢܬܓܠܐ ܒܪܢܫܐ ܕܚܛܝܬܐ ܒܪܗ ܕܐܒܕܢܐ (Aramaic Peshitta)

Basque

• Nehorc etzaitzatela seduci eceinere maneraz: ecen egun hura ezta ethorriren non reuoltamendua lehen ethor eztadin, eta manifesta eztadin bekatutaco guiçona, perditionezco semea,

Bulgarian

• 1940 Никой да не ви измами по никой начин; защото [това няма да бъде], докато първо не дойде отстъплението и не се яви човекът на греха, синът на погибелта, (Bulgarian Bible)

Chinese

• 1 人 不 拘 用 甚 麽 法 子 ， 你 们 总 不 要 被 他 诱 惑 ； 因 为 那 日 子 以 前 ， 必 有 离 道 反 教 的 事 ， 并 有 那 大 罪 人 ， 就 是 沉 沦 之 子 ， 显 露 出 来 。 (Chinese Union Version (Simplified))

• 1 人 不 拘 用 甚 麼 法 子 ， 你 們 總 不 要 被 他 誘 惑 ； 因 為 那 日 子 以 前 ， 必 有 離 道 反 教 的 事 ， 並 有 那 大 罪 人 ， 就 是 沉 淪 之 子 ， 顯 露 出 來 。 (Chinese Union Version (Traditional))

French

• Que personne ne vous séduise en aucune manière, car ce jour-là ne viendra pas que l'apostasie ne soit arrivée auparavant et que l'homme de péché n'ait été révélé, le fils de perdition, (French Darby)

• 1744 Que personne [donc] ne vous séduise en quelque manière que ce soit; car [ce jour-là ne viendra point] que la révolte ne soit arrivée auparavant, et que l'homme de péché, le fils de perdition, ne soit révélé; (Martin 1744)

• 1744 Que personne ne vous séduise en aucune manière; car il faut que la révolte soit arrivée auparavant, et qu'on ait vu paraître l'homme du péché, le fils de la perdition, (Ostervald 1744)

German

• 1545 Lasset euch niemand verführen in keinerlei Weise! Denn er kommt nicht, es sei denn, daß zuvor der Abfall komme, und offenbaret werde der Mensch der Sünde und das Kind des Verderbens, (Luther 1545)

• 1871 Laßt euch von niemand auf irgend eine Weise verführen, denn dieser Tag kommt nicht, es sei denn, daß zuerst der Abfall komme und geoffenbart worden sei der Mensch der Sünde, der Sohn des Verderbens, (Elberfelder 1871)

• 1912 Lasset euch niemand verführen in keinerlei Weise; denn er kommt nicht, es sei denn, daß zuvor der Abfall komme und offenbart werde der Mensch der Sünde, das Kind des Verderbens, (Luther 1912)

Italian

• 1649 Niuno v’inganni per alcuna maniera; perciocchè quel giorno non verrà, che prima non sia venuta l’apostasia, e non sia manifestato l’uomo del peccato, il figliuol della perdizione.(Giovanni Diodati Bible 1649)

• 1927 Nessuno vi tragga in errore in alcuna maniera; poiché quel giorno non verrà se prima non sia venuta l’apostasia e non sia stato manifestato l’uomo del peccato, il figliuolo della perdizione, (Riveduta Bible 1927)

Japanese

• 1928 (Naoji Nagai)

Latin

• ne quis vos seducat ullo modo quoniam nisi venerit discessio primum et revelatus fuerit homo peccati filius perditionis Latin Vulgate

• 1527 (Erasmus 1527)

• 1527 (Erasmus Vulgate 1527)

Pidgin

• 1996 (Pidgin King Jems)

Romainian

• 2010 Nimeni să nu vă amăgească în vreun chip; căci nu va veni înainte ca să fi venit lepădarea de credinţă, şi de a se descoperi omul fărădelegii (Sau: omul păcatului), fiul pierzării, (Biblia Traducerea Fidela în limba româna)

Russian

• 1876 Да не обольстит вас никто никак: ибо день тотне придет , доколе не придет прежде отступление и не откроетсячеловек греха, сын погибели, Russian Synodal Version

Phonetically:

Spanish

• No os engañe nadie en ninguna manera; porque no vendrá sin que venga antes la apostasía, y se manifieste el hombre de pecado, el hijo de perdición, (RVG Spanish)

Syriac

• ܠܡܳܐ ܐ݈ܢܳܫ ܢܰܛܥܶܝܟ݂ܽܘܢ ܒ݁ܚܰܕ݂ ܡܶܢ ܐܶܣܟ݁ܺܡܺܝܢ ܡܶܛܽܠ ܕ݁ܶܐܢ ܠܳܐ ܬ݁ܺܐܬ݂ܶܐ ܠܽܘܩܕ݂ܰܡ ܡܳܪܽܘܕ݂ܽܘܬ݂ܳܐ ܘܢܶܬ݂ܓ݁ܠܶܐ ܒ݁ܰܪܢܳܫܳܐ ܕ݁ܰܚܛܺܝܬ݂ܳܐ ܒ݁ܪܶܗ ܕ݁ܰܐܒ݂ܕ݁ܳܢܳܐ (Peshitta NT published by the British and Foreign Bible Society)

Swedish

• 1917 Låten ingen bedraga eder om vad sätt det vara må. Ty först måste avfallet hava skett och »Laglöshetens människa», fördärvets man, hava trätt fram, (Swedish - Svenska 1917)

Tagalog

• 1905 Huwag kayong padaya kanino man sa anomang paraan: sapagka't ito'y hindi darating, maliban nang dumating mula ang pagtaliwakas, at mahayag ang taong makasalanan, ang anak ng kapahamakan, (Ang Dating Biblia 1905)

Tok Pisin

• 1996 (Tok Pisin King Jems)

Vietnamese

• 1934 Mặc ai dùng cách nào, cũng đừng để họ lừa dối mình. Vì phải có sự bỏ đạo đến trước, và có người tội ác, con của sự hư mất hiện ra, (VIET)

See Also

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• Oxford English Dictionary - Rebellion

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List of New Testament Papyri

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List of New Testament minuscules

1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · 28 · 29 · 30 · 31 · 32 · 33 · 34 · 35 · 36 · 37 · 38 · 39 · 40 · 41 · 42 · 43 · 44 · 45 · 46 · 47 · 48 · 49 · 50 · 51 · 52 · 53 · 54 · 55 · 56 · 57 · 58 · 59 · 60 · 61 · 62 · 63 · 64 · 65 · 66 · 67 · 68 · 69 · 70 · 71 · 72 · 73 · 74 · 75 · 76 · 77 · 78 · 79 · 80 · 81 · 82 · 83 · 84 · 85 · 86 · 87 · 88 · 89 · 90 · 91 · 92 · 93 · 94 · 95 · 96 · 97 · 98 · 99 · 100 · 101 · 102 · 103 · 104 · 105 · 106 · 107 · 108 · 109 · 110 · 111 · 112 · 113 · 114 · 115 · 116 · 117 · 118 · 119 · 120 · 121 · 122 · 123 · 124 · 125 · 126 · 127 · 128 · 129 · 130 · 131 · 132 · 133 · 134 · 135 · 136 · 137 · 138 · 139 · 140 · 141 · 142 · 143 · 144 · 145 · 146 · 147 · 148 · 149 · 150 · 151 · 152 · 153 · 154 · 155 · 156 · 157 · 158 · 159 · 160 · 161 · 162 · 163 · 164 · 165 · 166 · 167 · 168 · 169 · 170 · 171 · 172 · 173 · 174 · 175 · 176 · 177 · 178 · 179 · 180 · 181 · 182 · 183 · 184 · 185 · 186 · 187 · 188 · 189 · 190 · 191 · 192 · 193 · 194 · 195 · 196 · 197 · 198 · 199 · 200 · 201 · 202 · 203 · 204 · 205 · 206 · 207 · 208 · 209 · 210 · 211 · 212 · 213 · 214 · 215 · 216 · 217 · 218 · 219 · 220 · 221 · 222 · 223 · 224 · 225 · 226 · 227 · 228 · 229 · 230 · 231 · 232 · 233 · 234 · 235 · 236 · 237 · 238 · 239 · 240 · 241 · 242 · 243 · 244 · 245 · 246 · 247 · 248 · 249 · 250 · 251 · 252 · 253 · 254 · 255 · 256 · 257 · 258 · 259 · 260 · 261 · 262 · 263 · 264 · 265 · 266 · 267 · 268 · 269 · 270 · 271 · 272 · 273 · 274 · 275 · 276 · 277 · 278 · 279 · 280 · 281 · 282 · 283 · 284 · 285 · 286 · 287 · 288 · 289 · 290 · 291 · 292 · 293 · 294 · 295 · 296 · 297 · 298 · 299 · 300 · 301 · 302 · 303 · 304 · 305 · 306 · 307 · 308 · 309 · 310 · 311 · 312 · 313 · 314 · 315 · 316 · 317 · 318 · 319 · 320 · 321 · 322 · 323 · 324 · 325 · 326 · 327 · 328 · 329 · 330 · 331 · 332 · 333 · 334 · 335 · 336 · 337 · 338 · 339 · 340 · 341 · 342 · 343 · 344 · 345 · 346 · 347 · 348 · 349 · 350 · 351 · 352 · 353 · 354 · 355 · 356 · 357 · 358 · 359 · 360 · 361 · 362 · 363 · 364 · 365 · 366 · 367 · 368 · 369 · 370 · 371 · 372 · 373 · 374 · 375 · 376 · 377 · 378 · 379 · 380 · 381 · 382 · 383 · 384 · 385 · 386 · 387 · 388 · 389 · 390 · 391 · 392 · 393 · 394 · 395 · 396 · 397 · 398 · 399 · 400 · 401 · 402 · 403 · 404 · 405 · 406 · 407 · 408 · 409 · 410 · 411 · 412 · 413 · 414 · 415 · 416 · 417 · 418 · 419 · 420 · 421 · 422 · 423 · 424 · 425 · 426 · 427 · 428 · 429 · 430 · 431 · 432 · 433 · 434 · 435 · 436 · 437 · 438 · 439 · 440 · 441 · 442 · 443 · 444 · 445 · 446 · 447 · 448 · 449 · 450 · 451 · 452 · 453 · 454 · 455 · 456 · 457 · 458 · 459 · 460 · 461 · 462 · 463 · 464 · 465 · 466 · 467 · 468 · 469 · 470 · 471 · 472 · 473 · 474 · 475 · 476 · 477 · 478 · 479 · 480 · 481 · 482 · 483 · 484 · 485 · 486 · 487 · 488 · 489 · 490 · 491 · 492 · 493 · 494 · 495 · 496 · 497 · 498 · 499 · 500 · 501 · 502 · 503 · 504 · 505 · 506 · 507 · 543 · 544 · 565 · 566 · 579 · 585 · 614 · 639 · 653 · 654 · 655 · 656 · 657 · 658 · 659 · 660 · 661 · 669 · 676 · 685 · 700 · 798 · 823 · 824 · 825 · 826 · 827 · 828 · 829 · 830 · 831 · 876 · 891 · 892 · 893 · 1071 · 1143 · 1152 · 1241 · 1253 · 1423 · 1424 · 1432 · 1582 · 1739 · 1780 · 1813 · 1834 · 2050 · 2053 · 2059 · 2060 · 2061 · 2062 · 2174 · 2268 · 2344 · 2423 · 2427 · 2437 · 2444 · 2445 · 2446 · 2460 · 2464 · 2491 · 2495 · 2612 · 2613 · 2614 · 2615 · 2616 · 2641 · 2754 · 2755 · 2756 · 2757 · 2766 · 2767 · 2768 · 2793 · 2802 · 2803 · 2804 · 2805 · 2806 · 2807 · 2808 · 2809 · 2810 · 2811 · 2812 · 2813 · 2814 · 2815 · 2816 · 2817 · 2818 · 2819 · 2820 · 2821 · 2855 · 2856 · 2857 · 2858 · 2859 · 2860 · 2861 · 2862 · 2863 · 2881 · 2882 · 2907 · 2965 ·

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List of New Testament uncials

01 · 02 · 03 · 04 · 05 · 06 · 07 · 08 · 09 · 010 · 011 · 012 · 013 · 014 · 015 · 016 · 017 · 018 · 019 · 020 · 021 · 022 · 023 · 024 · 025 · 026 · 027 · 028 · 029 · 030 · 031 · 032 · 033 · 034 · 035 · 036 · 037 · 038 · 039 · 040 · 041 · 042 · 043 · 044 · 045 · 046 · 047 · 048 · 049 · 050 · 051 · 052 · 053 · 054 · 055 · 056 · 057 · 058 · 059 · 060 · 061 · 062 · 063 · 064 · 065 · 066 · 067 · 068 · 069 · 070 · 071 · 072 · 073 · 074 · 075 · 076 · 077 · 078 · 079 · 080 · 081 · 082 · 083 · 084 · 085 · 086 · 087 · 088 · 089 · 090 · 091 · 092 · 093 · 094 · 095 · 096 · 097 · 098 · 099 · 0100 · 0101 · 0102 · 0103 · 0104 · 0105 · 0106 · 0107 · 0108 · 0109 · 0110 · 0111 · 0112 · 0113 · 0114 · 0115 · 0116 · 0117 · 0118 · 0119 · 0120 · 0121 · 0122 · 0123 · 0124 · 0125 · 0126 · 0127 · 0128 · 0129 · 0130 · 0131 · 0132 · 0134 · 0135 · 0136 · 0137 · 0138 · 0139 · 0140 · 0141 · 0142 · 0143 · 0144 · 0145 · 0146 · 0147 · 0148 · 0149 · 0150 · 0151 · 0152 · 0153 · 0154 · 0155 · 0156 · 0157 · 0158 · 0159 · 0160 · 0161 · 0162 · 0163 · 0164 · 0165 · 0166 · 0167 · 0168 · 0169 · 0170 · 0171 · 0172 · 0173 · 0174 · 0175 · 0176 · 0177 · 0178 · 0179 · 0180 · 0181 · 0182 · 0183 · 0184 · 0185 · 0186 · 0187 · 0188 · 0189 · 0190 · 0191 · 0192 · 0193 · 0194 · 0195 · 0196 · 0197 · 0198 · 0199 · 0200 · 0201 · 0202 · 0203 · 0204 · 0205 · 0206 · 0207 · 0208 · 0209 · 0210 · 0211 · 0212 · 0213 · 0214 · 0215 · 0216 · 0217 · 0218 · 0219 · 0220 · 0221 · 0222 · 0223 · 0224 · 0225 · 0226 · 0227 · 0228 · 0229 · 0230 · 0231 · 0232 · 0234 · 0235 · 0236 · 0237 · 0238 · 0239 · 0240 · 0241 · 0242 · 0243 · 0244 · 0245 · 0246 · 0247 · 0248 · 0249 · 0250 · 0251 · 0252 · 0253 · 0254 · 0255 · 0256 · 0257 · 0258 · 0259 · 0260 · 0261 · 0262 · 0263 · 0264 · 0265 · 0266 · 0267 · 0268 · 0269 · 0270 · 0271 · 0272 · 0273 · 0274 · 0275 · 0276 · 0277 · 0278 · 0279 · 0280 · 0281 · 0282 · 0283 · 0284 · 0285 · 0286 · 0287 · 0288 · 0289 · 0290 · 0291 · 0292 · 0293 · 0294 · 0295 · 0296 · 0297 · 0298 · 0299 · 0300 · 0301 · 0302 · 0303 · 0304 · 0305 · 0306 · 0307 · 0308 · 0309 · 0310 · 0311 · 0312 · 0313 · 0314 · 0315 · 0316 · 0317 · 0318 · 0319 · 0320 · 0321 · 0322 · 0323 ·

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List of New Testament lectionaries

1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 25b · 26 · 27 · 28 · 29 · 30 · 31 · 32 · 33 · 34 · 35 · 36 · 37 · 38 · 39 · 40 · 41 · 42 · 43 · 44 · 45 · 46 · 47 · 48 · 49 · 50 · 51 · 52 · 53 · 54 · 55 · 56 · 57 · 58 · 59 · 60 · 61 · 62 · 63 · 64 · 65 · 66 · 67 · 68 · 69 · 70 · 71 · 72 · 73 · 74 · 75 · 76 · 77 · 78 · 79 · 80 · 81 · 82 · 83 · 84 · 85 · 86 · 87 · 88 · 89 · 90 · 91 · 92 · 93 · 94 · 95 · 96 · 97 · 98 · 99 · 100 · 101 · 102 · 103 · 104 · 105 · 106 · 107 · 108 · 109 · 110 · 111 · 112 · 113 · 114 · 115 · 116 · 117 · 118 · 119 · 120 · 121 · 122 · 123 · 124 · 125 · 126 · 127 · 128 · 129 · 130 · 131 · 132 · 133 · 134 · 135 · 136 · 137 · 138 · 139 · 140 · 141 · 142 · 143 · 144 · 145 · 146 · 147 · 148 · 149 · 150 · 151 · 152 · 153 · 154 · 155 · 156 · 157 · 158 · 159 · 160 · 161 · 162 · 163 · 164 · 165 · 166 · 167 · 168 · 169 · 170 · 171 · 172 · 173 · 174 · 175 · 176 · 177 · 178 · 179 · 180 · 181 · 182 · 183 · 184 · 185 · 186 · 187 · 188 · 189 · 190 · 191 · 192 · 193 · 194 · 195 · 196 · 197 · 198 · 199 · 200 · 201 · 202 · 203 · 204 · 205 · 206a · 206b · 207 · 208 · 209 · 210 · 211 · 212 · 213 · 214 · 215 · 216 · 217 · 218 · 219 · 220 · 221 · 222 · 223 · 224 · 225 · 226 · 227 · 228 · 229 · 230 · 231 · 232 · 233 · 234 · 235 · 236 · 237 · 238 · 239 · 240 · 241 · 242 · 243 · 244 · 245 · 246 · 247 · 248 · 249 · 250 · 251 · 252 · 253 · 254 · 255 · 256 · 257 · 258 · 259 · 260 · 261 · 262 · 263 · 264 · 265 · 266 · 267 · 268 · 269 · 270 · 271 · 272 · 273 · 274 · 275 · 276 · 277 · 278 · 279 · 280 · 281 · 282 · 283 · 284 · 285 · 286 · 287 · 288 · 289 · 290 · 291 · 292 · 293 · 294 · 295 · 296 · 297 · 298 · 299 · 300 · 301 · 302 · 303 · 304 · 305 · 306 · 307 · 308 · 309 · 310 · 311 · 312 · 313 · 314 · 315 · 316 · 317 · 318 · 319 · 320 · 321 · 322 · 323 · 324 · 325 · 326 · 327 · 328 · 329 · 330 · 331 · 332 · 368 · 449 · 451 · 501 · 502 · 542 · 560 · 561 · 562 · 563 · 564 · 648 · 649 · 809 · 965 · 1033 · 1358 · 1386 · 1491 · 1423 · 1561 · 1575 · 1598 · 1599 · 1602 · 1604 · 1614 · 1619 · 1623 · 1637 · 1681 · 1682 · 1683 · 1684 · 1685 · 1686 · 1691 · 1813 · 1839 · 1965 · 1966 · 1967 · 2005 · 2137 · 2138 · 2139 · 2140 · 2141 · 2142 · 2143 · 2144 · 2145 · 2164 · 2208 · 2210 · 2211 · 2260 · 2261 · 2263 · 2264 · 2265 · 2266 · 2267 · 2276 · 2307 · 2321 · 2352 · 2404 · 2405 · 2406 · 2411 · 2412 ·

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