Minuscule 1

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{{New Testament manuscript infobox
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#REDIRECT [[Codex Basilensis A. N. IV. 2]]
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| form  = Minuscule
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| number = '''1'''
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| image  = Codex Basiliensis A.N.IV.2.PNG
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| isize  =
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| caption=
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| name  = Basiliensis A.N.IV.2
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| sign  =
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| text  = [[New Testament]] (except Rev)
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| script = [[Greek language|Greek]]
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| date  = 12th century
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| found  =
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| now at = [[University of Basel]]
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| cite  = K. Lake, ''Codex 1 of the Gospels and its Allies'', (Cambridge 1902)
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| size  = 18.5 by 11.5 cm
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| type  = [[Caesarean text-type|Caesarean]], [[Byzantine text-type]]
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| cat    = III, V
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| hand  = elegantly written
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| note  = member of [[Family 1|''f''<sup>1</sup>]]
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}}
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'''Minuscule 1''' (in the [[Biblical manuscript#Gregory-Aland|Gregory-Aland]] numbering), δ 254 ([[Biblical manuscript#Von Soden|von Soden]]); formerly it was designated by 1<sup>eap</sup> (to distinguish it from [[Minuscule 2814|minuscule 1<sup>rK</sup>]], which previously used number 1). It is a Greek [[Lower case|minuscule]] [[manuscript]] of the [[New Testament]], usually dated [[Paleography|paleographically]] to the 12th century.<ref name = Aland>K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, ''Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments'', Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 1994, p. 47. </ref>
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The codex is located now at the [[University of Basel]] at [[Basel]] with the shelf number A. N. IV, 2 (earlier B. VI. 27).<ref name = Anderson108>Amy S. Anderson, ''The Textual tradition of the Gospels: Family 1 in Matthew'', Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2004, p. 108. </ref>
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== Description ==
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The codex contains entire of the [[New Testament]] except of [[Book of Revelation]] in the order: [[Gospel]]s, [[Acts of the Apostles]], [[General epistles]], and [[Pauline epistles]] ([[Epistle to the Hebrews|Hebrews]] is the last book in Paul). Written in one column per page, 38 lines per page, on 297 parchment leaves (18.5 by 11.5 cm),<ref name = Aland/> with a beautiful miniatures which were stolen before 1860-1862, except one before Gospel of John.<ref name = Scrivener>{{cite book
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| last = Scrivener
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| first = Frederick Henry Ambrose
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| authorlink = Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener
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| coauthors =
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| title = A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament
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| publisher =
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| date = 1894
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| location = London
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| volume = 1
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| page = 190-191
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| url =
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| doi =
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| id =
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| isbn = }}</ref>
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The dimensions of the text 13.6 by 6.8&nbsp;cm.<ref name = Anderson108/> It was written on parchment continuously and without separation in "elegant and minute" [[Lower case|minuscule]], furnished with breathings, accents, and ascript. The initial letters are gilt, and on the first page of each Gospel the full point is a large gilt ball.<ref name= Scrivener/> The Ammonian sections presented (Mark 236), but the [[Eusebian Canons]] absent. It contains Prolegomena, τιτλοι, [[Synaxarium|synaxaria]], and pictures. Acts and epistles have the [[Euthalius|Euthalian]] apparatus.<ref name = Gregory/>
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It contains a scholion questioning the authenticity of [[Mark 16|Mark 16:9-20]]. The [[Jesus and the woman taken in adultery|Pericope Adultera]] is placed after [[Gospel of John|John]] 21:25.<ref name = Gregory/>
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== Text of the codex ==
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The Greek text of the [[Gospels]] is a representative of the [[Caesarean text-type]]. [[Kurt Aland|Aland]] placed it in [[Categories of New Testament manuscripts#Category III|Category III]]. In rest of the books of the New Testament the text of this codex is a representative of the [[Byzantine text-type]]. Aland placed it in [[Categories of New Testament manuscripts#Category V|Category V]].<ref>Kurt Aland, Barbara Aland, "The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism", transl. Erroll F. Rhodes, ''[[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]'', Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1995, p. 129. </ref> It belongs to the [[Family 1]] together with manuscripts [[Minuscule 118|118]], [[Minuscule 131|131]], and [[Minuscule 209|209]].<ref>[[Bruce M. Metzger]], [[Bart D. Ehrman]], "The Text Of The New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration", ''[[Oxford University Press]]'', 2005, pp. 86-87. </ref>
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[[Johann Jakob Griesbach|Griesbach]] was the first who remarked its similarities to the text of [[Origen]]'s commentary to Matthew.<ref>Griesbach, ''Symb. crit.'' 1, S. CCII-CCXXIII. </ref>
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According to [[Fenton John Anthony Hort|Hort]] its text preceded the [[byzantine text-type]].
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In Matt. 27:16 it has famous textual variant "Ιησουν τον Βαραββαν". This variant contain [[Codex Koridethi]], [[Minuscule 700]], and other members of textual family [[Family 1|''f''<sup>1</sup>]].
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== History of the codex ==
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[[File:Old_University_Basel.jpg|thumb|Old University Basel]]
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Dated to the 12th century, because the frequent occurrence of enlarged letters, rounded breathing marks, flourishes, and ligatures would seem to eliminate earlier date.<ref name = Anderson108/> The manuscript was presented to the monastery of the [[Dominican Order|Preaching Friars]] by Cardinal [[John of Ragusa|Ragusio]] (1380-1443), general of [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]].<ref name = Gregory>[[Caspar René Gregory|C. R. Gregory]], "Textkritik des Neuen Testaments", Leipzig 1900, vol. 1, p. 127. </ref> It borrowed by [[Johann Reuchlin|Reuchlin]] and used by [[Desiderius Erasmus]] in the first edition of his [[Novum Instrumentum omne|Novum Testamentum]] (1516). In result some of its readings came to [[Textus Receptus]]. Erasmus used this codex very little, because its text was different from other manuscripts with which he was acquainted. [[Johannes Oecolampadius| Oecolampadius]] and Gerbelius, Erasmus's subeditors, insisted to him for using more readings from this codex in the third edition, but according to Erasmus the text of this codex was altered from the Latin manuscripts, and had secondary value.<ref> S. P. Tregelles, ''An Introduction to the Critical study and Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures'', London 1856, p. 208. </ref> Since 1559 it was held in the [[University of Basel]].<ref name = Gregory/> Its later story is the same as that of [[Codex Basilensis]] and [[Minuscule 2]].
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[[Johann Albrecht Bengel|Bengel]] made a few extracts from the codex. [[Johann Jakob Wettstein| Wettstein]] was the first who thoroughly examined this codex. According to him in the Gospels its text agrees with the most ancient codices and [[List of New Testament Church Fathers|patristic quotations]].<ref>J.J. Wettstein, ''Prolegomena ad Novi Testamenti Graeci'', 1730, p. 57. </ref> In 1751 he changed his high opinion (''Novum Testamentum Græcum''). Wettstein dated codex to the 10th century. Wettstein collated this manuscript twice, but with many errors. According to Tregelles his collation was incorrect in more than 1200 readings. [[Samuel Prideaux Tregelles|Tregelles]], and Roth collated its again. Tregelles noticed that this codex is similar to minuscule 118. [[John William Burgon|Dean Burgon]] noticed that also codices 131 and 209 are similar. All this group was examined by [[Kirsopp Lake]] in 1902.<ref>Kirsopp Lake, ''Codex 1 of the Gospels and its Allies'', Texts and Studies, volume vii, Cambridge, 1902, collates 1 with 118, 131, and 209. </ref> It was named "the Lake Group", or [[Family 1]].
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== See also ==
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* [[List of New Testament minuscules]]
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* [[Novum Instrumentum omne]]
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* [[Textual criticism]]
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== References ==
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{{reflist}}
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{{refbegin}}
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{{refend}}
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== Further reading ==
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* [[Henri Omont]], ''Catalogue des mss grecs des bibliotheques de Suisse'', Leipzig 1886.
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* [[Kirsopp Lake]], ''Codex 1 of the Gospels and its Allies'', Text and Studies VII 3, Cambridge 1902.
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== External links ==
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* [http://www.skypoint.com/members/waltzmn/Manuscripts1-500.html#m1 Minuscule 1] at the ''Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism''
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[[Category:Greek New Testament minuscules]]
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[[Category:12th-century biblical manuscripts]]
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Current revision

  1. REDIRECT Codex Basilensis A. N. IV. 2
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