Urdu Alphabet

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Below is a table of all the Urdu alphabets along with their names and the phonetic pronunciation of their names. It is also specified as to which language the letter is borrowed from and the respective keys to press on a keyboard. For the purposes of following the text in this book, Latin alternatives are provided with the alphabet.
Below is a table of all the Urdu alphabets along with their names and the phonetic pronunciation of their names. It is also specified as to which language the letter is borrowed from and the respective keys to press on a keyboard. For the purposes of following the text in this book, Latin alternatives are provided with the alphabet.
-
{| class="wikitable"
+
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
-
! Alphabet
+
-
! Name
+
-
! Phonetic pronunciation
+
-
! Borrowed from
+
-
! Keyboard
+
-
! Voice
+
|-
|-
-
| <big>ا</big>
 
-
| Aliph
 
-
| əlɪf
 
-
| Arabic
 
-
| J
 
-
| Vowel
 
|-
|-
-
| <big>ب</big>
+
!No.
-
| Bay
+
!colspan="2"|
-
| beɪ
+
!ALA-LC
-
| Arabic
+
![[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
-
| I
+
![[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
-
| Labial
+
!Isolated glyph
|-
|-
-
| <big>پ</big>
+
| 1
-
| Pay
+
| الف
-
| peɪ
+
| ''alif''
-
| Persian
+
|colspan="2"| ''ā'', ʾ, –
-
| Y
+
| /ɑː, ʔ, ∅/
-
| Labial
+
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" colspan="2" | [[ا]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>ت</big>
+
| 2
-
| Tay; with soft ‘t’
+
| بے
-
| θeɪ
+
| ''be''
-
| Arabic
+
|colspan="2"| ''b''
-
| U
+
| /b/
-
| Dental
+
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" | [[ب]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>ٹ</big>
+
| 3
-
| Tay; with hard ‘T’
+
| پے
-
| teɪ
+
| ''pe''
-
| Sanskrit
+
|colspan="2"| ''p''
-
| Shift + U
+
| /p/
-
| Retroflex
+
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" | [[پ]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>ث</big>
+
| 4
-
| Thay; colloquially ‘say’
+
| تے
-
| s·eɪ
+
| ''te''
-
| Arabic
+
|colspan="2"| ''t''
-
| Shift + T
+
| /t̪/
-
| Dental
+
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" | [[ت]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>ج</big>
+
| 5
-
| Jeem
+
| ٹے
-
| dʒ·iːm
+
| ''ṭe''
-
| Arabic
+
| ''ṭ''
-
| O
+
| ''t''
-
| Palatal
+
| /ʈ/
 +
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" | [[ٹ]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>چ</big>
+
| 6
-
| Chay
+
| ثے
-
| tʃ·eɪ
+
| ''s̱e''
-
| Persian
+
| ''s̱''
-
| Shift + O
+
| ''s''
-
| Palatal
+
| /s/
 +
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" | [[ث]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>ح</big>
+
| 7
-
| Hay
+
| جیم
-
| heɪ
+
| ''jīm''
-
| Arabic
+
|colspan="2"| ''j''
-
| P
+
| /d͡ʒ/
-
| Aspirated
+
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" | [[ج]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>خ</big>
+
| 8
-
| Khay
+
| چے
-
| xeɪ
+
| ''ce''
-
| Arabic
+
| ''c''
-
| Shift + P
+
| ''ch''
-
| Velar
+
| /t͡ʃ/
 +
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" | [[چ]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>د</big>
+
| 9
-
| Daal; with soft ‘d’
+
| بڑی حے
-
| ðɑːl
+
| ''baṛī ḥe''
-
| Arabic
+
| ''ḥ''
-
| R
+
| ''h''
-
| Dental
+
| /h, ɦ/
 +
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" | [[ح]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>ڈ</big>
+
| 10
-
| Daal; with hard ‘D’
+
| خے
-
| dɑːl
+
| ''<u>kh</u>e''
-
| Sanskrit
+
| ''<u>kh</u>''
-
| Shift + R
+
| ''kh''
-
| Retroflex
+
| /x/
 +
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" | [[خ]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>ذ</big>
+
| 11
-
| Dhaal; colloquially ‘zaal’
+
| دال
-
| zɑːl
+
| ''dāl''
-
| Arabic
+
|colspan="2"| ''d''
-
| Shift + E
+
| /d̪/
-
| Aspirated
+
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;"  colspan="2"| [[د]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>ر</big>
+
| 12
-
| Ray
+
| ڈال
-
| reɪ
+
| ''ḍāl''
-
| Arabic
+
| ''ḍ''
-
| D
+
| ''d''
-
| Semi-vowel
+
| /ɖ/
 +
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" colspan="2" | [[ڈ]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>ڑ</big>
+
| 13
-
| aRay; with very guttural ‘r’
+
| ذال
-
| areɪ
+
| ''ẕāl''
-
| Sanskrit
+
| ''ẕ''
-
| Shift + D
+
| ''z''
-
| Hard retroflex
+
| /z/
 +
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" colspan="2" | [[ذ]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>ز</big>
+
| 14
-
| Zay
+
| رے
-
| zeɪ
+
| ''re''
-
| Arabic
+
|colspan="2"| ''r''
-
| Shift + S
+
| /r/
-
| Aspirated
+
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" colspan="2" | [[ر]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>ژ</big>
+
| 15
-
| Djay; much like ‘j’ in ‘bonjour’
+
| ڑے
-
| ʒeɪ
+
| ''ṛe''
-
| Persian
+
| ''ṛ''
-
| Shift + A
+
| ''r''
-
| Aspirated
+
| /ɽ/
 +
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" colspan="2" | [[ڑ]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>س</big>
+
| 16
-
| Seen
+
| زے
-
| siːn
+
| ''ze''
-
| Arabic
+
|colspan="2"| ''z''
-
| V
+
| /z/
-
| Dental aspirated
+
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" colspan="2" | [[ز]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>‎‎ش</big>
+
| 17
-
| Sheen
+
| ژے
-
| sh·iːn
+
| ''<u>zh</u>e''
-
| Arabic
+
| ''<u>zh</u>''
-
| B
+
| ''zh''
-
| Dental aspirated
+
| /ʒ/
 +
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" colspan="2" | [[ژ]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>ص</big>
+
| 18
-
| Suaad
+
| سین
-
| sʊ̈·ɑːð
+
| ''sīn''
-
| Arabic
+
|colspan="2"| ''s''
-
| W
+
| /s/
-
| Velar aspirated
+
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" | [[س]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>ض</big>
+
| 19
-
| Dhuaad; colloquially ‘zuaad’
+
| شین
-
| zʊ̈·ɑːð
+
| ''<u>sh</u>īn''
-
| Arabic
+
| ''<u>sh</u>''
-
| Shift + W
+
| ''sh''
-
| Velar aspirated
+
| /ʃ/
 +
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" | [[ش]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>ط</big>
+
| 20
-
| Toay'n
+
| صواد
-
| θɔɪŋ
+
| ''ṣwād''
-
| Arabic
+
| ''ṣ''
-
| Q
+
| ''s''
-
| Dental velar
+
| /s/
 +
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" | [[ص]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>ظ</big>
+
| 21
-
| Zoay'n
+
| ضواد
-
| zɔɪŋ
+
| ''ẓwād''
-
| Arabic
+
| ''ẓ''
-
| Shift + Q
+
| ''z''
-
| Velar aspirated
+
| /z/
 +
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" | [[ض]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>ع</big>
+
| 22
-
| Ain; guttural ‘a’
+
| طوئے
-
| æn
+
| ''t̤oʾe''
-
| Arabic
+
| ''t̤''
-
| M
+
| ''t''
-
| Velar vowel
+
| /t̪/
 +
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" | [[ط]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>غ</big>
+
| 23
-
| <u>Gh</u>ain; hoarse guttural ‘g’ followed by a hollow ‘h’
+
| ظوئے
-
| <u>gh</u>æn
+
| ''z̤oʾe''
-
| Arabic
+
| ''z̤''
-
| N
+
| ''z''
-
| Strong velar aspirated
+
| /z/
 +
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" | [[ظ]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>ف</big>
+
| 24
-
| Fay
+
| عین
-
| feɪ
+
| ''ʿain''
-
| Arabic
+
|colspan="2"| ''ā'', ''o'', ''e'', ʿ, – 
-
| X
+
| /ɑː, oː, eː, ʔ, ʕ, ∅/
-
| Aspirated
+
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" | [[ع]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>ق</big>
+
| 25
-
| <u>Qu</u>aaf; ‘Qu’ is pronounced only as ‘k’
+
| غین
-
| gɑːf
+
| ''<u>gh</u>ain''
-
| Arabic
+
| ''<u>gh</u>''
-
| Z
+
| ''gh''
-
| Velar
+
| /ɣ/
 +
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" | [[غ]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>ک</big>
+
| 26
-
| Kaaf
+
| فے
-
| kɑːf
+
| ''fe''
-
| Arabic
+
|colspan="2"| ''f''
-
| K
+
| /f/
-
| Velar
+
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" | [[ف]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>گ</big>
+
| 27
-
| Gaaf
+
| قاف
-
| gɑːf
+
| ''qāf''
-
| Persian
+
|colspan="2"| ''q''
-
| Shift + K
+
| /q/
-
| Velar
+
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" | [[ق]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>ل</big>
+
| 28
-
| Laam
+
| کاف
-
| lɑːm
+
| ''kāf''
-
| Arabic
+
|colspan="2"| ''k''
-
| G
+
| /k/
-
| Dental
+
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" | [[ك]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>م</big>
+
| 29
-
| Meem
+
| گاف
-
| miːm
+
| ''gāf''
-
| Arabic
+
|colspan="2"| ''g''
-
| A
+
| /ɡ/
-
| Labial
+
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" | [[گ]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>ن</big>
+
| 30
-
| Noon
+
| لام
-
| nuːn
+
| ''lām''
-
| Arabic
+
|colspan="2"| ''l''
-
| F
+
| /l/
-
| Palatal
+
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" | [[ل]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>ں</big>
+
| 31
-
| Noon <u>gh</u>una; nasal equivalent of ‘noon’
+
| میم
-
| nuːn ghʊ̈nɑː
+
| ''mīm''
-
| Arabic
+
|colspan="2"| ''m''
-
| Shift + F
+
| /m/
-
| Palatal nasal
+
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" | [[م]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>و</big>
+
| 32a
-
| Vao; as you'd say “wow”
+
| نون
-
| vaʊ
+
| ''nūn''
-
| Arabic
+
|colspan="2"| ''n''
-
| S
+
| /n, ɲ, ɳ, ŋ/
-
| Vowel/semi-vowel
+
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" | [[ن]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>ہ</big>
+
| 32b
-
| Hay
+
| نون غنہ
-
| heɪ
+
| ''nūn <u>gh</u>unnah''
-
| Arabic
+
| ''ṉ''
-
| H
+
| ''n''
-
| Aspirated
+
| /[[Nasal vowel|◌̃]]/
 +
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" | [[ں]]
|-
|-
-
| ‍‌<big>ء</big>
+
| 33
-
| Hamza
+
| واؤ
-
| hʌmzɑː
+
| ''wāʾo''
-
| Arabic
+
| ''v'', ''ū'', ''o'', ''au''
-
| Shift + H
+
| ''w'', ''ū'', ''o'', ''au''
-
| Palatal nasal
+
| /ʋ, uː, oː, ɔː/
 +
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" colspan="2" | [[و]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>ی</big>
+
| 34
-
| Chhoti yeh; literally meaning ‘small yeh’
+
| چھوٹی ہے
-
| yeɪ
+
| ''choṭī he''
-
| Arabic
+
|colspan="2"| ''h''
-
| L
+
| /h, ɦ/ or /∅/
-
| Vowel
+
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" | [[ه]]
|-
|-
-
| <big>ے</big>
+
| 35
-
| Bari yeh; literally meaning ‘big yeh’
+
| دو چشمی ہے
-
| yeɪ
+
| ''do-ca<u>sh</u>mī he''
-
| Arabic
+
|colspan="2"| ''h''
-
| C
+
| /ʰ/ or /ʱ/
-
| Vowel
+
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" | [[ھ]]
|-
|-
 +
| 36
 +
| ہمزہ
 +
| ''hamzah''
 +
|colspan="2"| ʾ, –
 +
| /ʔ/, /∅/
 +
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" colspan="4" | [[ء]]
 +
|-
 +
| 37
 +
| چھوٹی یے
 +
| ''choṭī ye''
 +
|colspan="2"| ''y'', ''ī'', ''á''
 +
| /j, iː, ɑː/
 +
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" | [[ی]]
 +
|-
 +
| 38
 +
| بڑی یے
 +
| ''baṛī ye''
 +
|colspan="2"| ''ai, e''
 +
| /ɛː, eː/
 +
| style="height:150%;padding:10px;font-size: 160%;" | [[ے]]
|}
|}
-
<hr />
+
The [[Diagraph (orthography)|diagraphs]] of [[Aspirated consonant]] are as follow.
-
<div style="font-size:90%;">
+
 
-
</div>
+
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
 +
| '''Digraph'''<ref name="LoC"/>
 +
| '''Transcription'''<ref name="LoC"/>
 +
| '''IPA'''
 +
|-
 +
| style="font-size: 150%"|بھ
 +
| ''bh''
 +
| [bʱ]
 +
|-
 +
| style="font-size: 150%"|پھ
 +
| ''ph''
 +
| [pʰ]
 +
|-
 +
| style="font-size: 150%"|تھ
 +
| ''th''
 +
| [t̪ʰ]
 +
|-
 +
| style="font-size: 150%"|ٹھ
 +
| ''ṭh''
 +
| [ʈʰ]
 +
|-
 +
| style="font-size: 150%"|جھ
 +
| ''jh''
 +
| [d͡ʒʰ]
 +
|-
 +
| style="font-size: 150%"|چھ
 +
| ''ch''
 +
| [t͡ʃʰ]
 +
|-
 +
| style="font-size: 150%"|دھ
 +
| ''dh''
 +
| [d̪ʱ]
 +
|-
 +
| style="font-size: 150%"|ڈھ
 +
| ''ḍh''
 +
| [ɖʱ]
 +
|-
 +
| style="font-size: 150%"|رھ
 +
| ''ṛh''
 +
| [rʱ]
 +
|-
 +
| style="font-size: 150%"|ڑھ
 +
| ''ṛh''
 +
| [ɽʱ]
 +
|-
 +
| style="font-size: 150%"|کھ
 +
| ''kh''
 +
| [kʰ]
 +
|-
 +
| style="font-size: 150%"|گھ
 +
| ''gh''
 +
| [ɡʱ]
 +
|-
 +
| style="font-size: 150%"|لھ
 +
| ''lh''
 +
| [lʱ]
 +
|-
 +
| style="font-size: 150%"|مھ
 +
| ''mh''
 +
| [mʱ]
 +
|-
 +
| style="font-size: 150%"|نھ
 +
| ''nh''
 +
| [nʱ]
 +
|-
 +
| style="font-size: 150%"|وھ
 +
| ''wh''
 +
| [ʋʱ]
 +
|-
 +
| style="font-size: 150%"|یھ
 +
| ''yh''
 +
| [jʱ]
 +
|}
==See Also==
==See Also==
* [[Urdu Portal]]
* [[Urdu Portal]]

Revision as of 07:14, 5 February 2016

The Urdu alphabet is derived from the Persian (Farsi) and the Arabic alphabet, where majority of the letters are borrowed from Arabic while only four alphabets are primarily borrowed from Persian. Very seldom, letters may be borrowed from Sanskrit. Even though the letters actually are inherited from these languages, the names used for these letters differ in some cases, for instance, letters ‘bay’ and ‘tay’ in Urdu are called only ‘baa’ and ‘taa’ in Arabic.

Below is a table of all the Urdu alphabets along with their names and the phonetic pronunciation of their names. It is also specified as to which language the letter is borrowed from and the respective keys to press on a keyboard. For the purposes of following the text in this book, Latin alternatives are provided with the alphabet.

No. ALA-LC Hunterian IPA Isolated glyph
1 الف alif ā, ʾ, – /ɑː, ʔ, ∅/ ا
2 بے be b /b/ ب
3 پے pe p /p/ پ
4 تے te t /t̪/ ت
5 ٹے ṭe ṭ t /ʈ/ ٹ
6 ثے s̱e s̱ s /s/ ث
7 جیم jīm j /d͡ʒ/ ج
8 چے ce c ch /t͡ʃ/ چ
9 بڑی حے baṛī ḥe ḥ h /h, ɦ/ ح
10 خے khe kh kh /x/ خ
11 دال dāl d /d̪/ د
12 ڈال ḍāl ḍ d /ɖ/ ڈ
13 ذال ẕāl ẕ z /z/ ذ
14 رے re r /r/ ر
15 ڑے ṛe ṛ r /ɽ/ ڑ
16 زے ze z /z/ ز
17 ژے zhe zh zh /ʒ/ ژ
18 سین sīn s /s/ س
19 شین shīn sh sh /ʃ/ ش
20 صواد ṣwād ṣ s /s/ ص
21 ضواد ẓwād ẓ z /z/ ض
22 طوئے t̤oʾe t̤ t /t̪/ ط
23 ظوئے z̤oʾe z̤ z /z/ ظ
24 عین ʿain ā, o, e, ʿ, – /ɑː, oː, eː, ʔ, ʕ, ∅/ ع
25 غین ghain gh gh /ɣ/ غ
26 فے fe f /f/ ف
27 قاف qāf q /q/ ق
28 کاف kāf k /k/ ك
29 گاف gāf g /ɡ/ گ
30 لام lām l /l/ ل
31 میم mīm m /m/ م
32a نون nūn n /n, ɲ, ɳ, ŋ/ ن
32b نون غنہ nūn ghunnah ṉ n /◌̃/ ں
33 واؤ wāʾo v, ū, o, au w, ū, o, au /ʋ, uː, oː, ɔː/ و
34 چھوٹی ہے choṭī he h /h, ɦ/ or /∅/ ه
35 دو چشمی ہے do-cashmī he h /ʰ/ or /ʱ/ ھ
36 ہمزہ hamzah ʾ, – /ʔ/, /∅/ ء
37 چھوٹی یے choṭī ye y, ī, á /j, iː, ɑː/ ی
38 بڑی یے baṛī ye ai, e /ɛː, eː/ ے

The diagraphs of Aspirated consonant are as follow.

Digraph<ref name="LoC"/> Transcription<ref name="LoC"/> IPA
بھ bh [bʱ]
پھ ph [pʰ]
تھ th [t̪ʰ]
ٹھ ṭh [ʈʰ]
جھ jh [d͡ʒʰ]
چھ ch [t͡ʃʰ]
دھ dh [d̪ʱ]
ڈھ ḍh [ɖʱ]
رھ ṛh [rʱ]
ڑھ ṛh [ɽʱ]
کھ kh [kʰ]
گھ gh [ɡʱ]
لھ lh [lʱ]
مھ mh [mʱ]
نھ nh [nʱ]
وھ wh [ʋʱ]
یھ yh [jʱ]

See Also

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