The Last Twelve Verses of Mark

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[[The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark - Title Pageby Dean John Willian Burgon]]
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The Last Twelve Verses of Mark relate to the last twelve verses of [[Mark 16]] in the final chapter of the [[Gospel of Mark]] in the [[New Testament]] of the Bible. Two manuscripts of Mark 16 conclude with verse 8, which ends with the women fleeing from the empty tomb, and saying "nothing to anyone, because they were too [[fear|frightened]]. [[New Living Translation]]: "The most ancient manuscripts of Mark conclude with verse 16:8. Later manuscripts add one or both of the following endings ..."
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[[The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark - THE CODEXby Dean John Willian Burgon]]
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[[Textual criticism of the New Testament|Textual critic]]s have identified two distinct alternative endings: the '''"Longer Ending"''' (vv. 9-20) and the unversed '''"Shorter Ending"''' or "lost ending", which appear together in six Greek manuscripts, and in dozens of [[Ethiopic]] copies. Modern versions of the New Testament generally include the Longer Ending, but place it in brackets or otherwise format it to show that it is not considered part of the original text. Approximately 1700 Greek manuscripts have the last twelve verses, while two (Sinaiticus and Vaticanus) do not.
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[[The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark - "MY WORD WILL NOT PASS AWAY"by Dean John Willian Burgon]]
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[[Codex Sinaiticus]] and [[Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209|Codex Vaticanus]], do not contain the last twelve verses, 16:9–20, nor the unversed shorter ending.[[Papyrus 45]] is the oldest extant manuscript that contains text from Mark, but it has no text from chapter 16 due to extensive damage. Codex Vaticanus has a blank column after ending at 16:8 and placing ''kata Markon'', "according to Mark". There are three other blank columns in Vaticanus, in the Old Testament, but they are each due to incidental factors in the production of the codex: a change to the column-format, a change of scribes, and the conclusion of the Old Testament portion of the text. The blank column between Mark 16:8 and the beginning of Luke, however, is deliberately placed.
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[[The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark - DEDICATION: TO SIR ROUNDELL PALMER, Q.C., M.P.by Dean John Willian Burgon]]
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[[The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark - PREFACE.by Dean John Willian Burgon]]
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[[The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark - THE LAST TWELVE VERSES.by Dean John Willian Burgon]]
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[[The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark - CHAPTER I. THE CASE OF THE LAST TWELVE VERSES OF S. MARK'S GOSPEL, STATED.by Dean John Willian Burgon]]
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[[The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark - CHAPTER II. THE HOSTILE VERDICT OF BIBLICAL CRITICS SHEWN TO BE QUITE OF RECENT DATE.by Dean John Willian Burgon]]
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[[The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark - CHAPTER III. THE EARLY FATHERS APPEALED TO, AND OBSERVED TO BEAR FAVOURABLE WITNESS.by Dean John Willian Burgon]]
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[[The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark - CHAPTER IV. THE EARLY VERSIONS EXAMINED, AND FOUND TO YIELD UNFALTERING TESTIMONY TO THE GENUINENESS OF THESE VERSES.by Dean John Willian Burgon]]
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[[The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark - CHAPTER V. THE ALLEGED HOSTILE WITNESS OF CERTAIN OF THE EARLY FATHERS PROVED TO BE AN IMAGINATION OF THE CRITICS.by Dean John Willian Burgon]]
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[[The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark - CHAPTER VI. MANUSCRIPT TESTIMONY SHEWN TO BE OVERWHELMINGLY IN FAVOUR OF THESE VERSES.--PART I.by Dean John Willian Burgon]]
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[[The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark - CHAPTER VII. MANUSCRIPT TESTIMONY SHEWN TO BE OVERWHELMINGLY IN FAVOUR OF THESE VERSES.--PART II.by Dean John Willian Burgon]]
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[[The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark - CHAPTER VIII. THE PURPORT OF ANCIENT SCHOLIA, AND NOTES IN MSS. ON THE SUBJECT OF THESE VERSES, SHEWN TO BE THE REVERSE OF WHAT IS COMMONLY SUPPOSED.by Dean John Willian Burgon]]
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[[The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark - CHAPTER IX. INTERNAL EVIDENCE DEMONSTRATED TO BE THE VERY REVERSE OF UNFAVOURABLE TO THESE VERSES.by Dean John Willian Burgon]]
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[[The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark - CHAPTER X. THE TESTIMONY OF THE LECTIONARIES SHEWN TO BE ABSOLUTELY DECISIVE AS TO THE GENUINENESS OF THESE VERSES.by Dean John Willian Burgon]]
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[[The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark - CHAPTER XI. THE OMISSION OF THESE TWELVE VERSES IN CERTAIN ANCIENT COPIES OF THE GOSPELS, EXPLAINED AND ACCOUNTED FOR.by Dean John Willian Burgon]]
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[[The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark - CHAPTER XII. GENERAL REVIEW OF THE QUESTION: SUMMARY OF THE EVIDENCE; AND CONCLUSION OF THE WHOLE SUBJECT.by Dean John Willian Burgon]]
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[[The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark - APPENDIX (A). On the importance of attending to Patristic Citations of Scripture.--The correct Text of S. LUKE ii. 14, established.by Dean John Willian Burgon]]
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[[The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark - APPENDIX (B). EUSEBIUS "ad Marinum" concerning the reconcilement of S. Mark xvi. 9 with S. Matthew xxviii. 1.by Dean John Willian Burgon]]
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[[The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark - APPENDIX (C). Proof that HESYCHIUS is a copyist only in what he says concerning the end of S. Mark's Gospel.by Dean John Willian Burgon]]
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[[The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark - APPENDIX (D). Some account of VICTOR OF ANTIOCH'S Commentary on S. Mark's Gospel; together with an enumeration of MSS. which contain Victor's Work.by Dean John Willian Burgon]]
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[[The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark - APPENDIX (E). Text of the concluding Scholion of VICTOR OF ANTIOCH'S Commentary on S. Mark's Gospel; in which Victor bears emphatic testimony to the genuineness of "the last Twelve Verses."by Dean John Willian Burgon]]
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[[The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark - APPENDIX (F). On the Relative antiquity of the CODEX VATICANUS (B), and the CODEX SINAITICUS ({HEBREW LETTER ALEF}).by Dean John Willian Burgon]]
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[[The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark - APPENDIX (G). On the so-called "AMMONIAN SECTIONS" and "EUSEBIAN CANONS."by Dean John Willian Burgon]]
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[[The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark - APPENDIX (H). On the Interpolation of the text of CODEX B and CODEX {HEBREW LETTER ALEF} at S. MATTHEW xxvii. 48 or 49.by Dean John Willian Burgon]]
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[[The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark - POSTSCRIPT.by Dean John Willian Burgon]]
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[[The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark - L'ENVOYby Dean John Willian Burgon]]
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[[The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark - GENERAL INDEX.by Dean John Willian Burgon]]
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[[The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark - FOOTNOTESby Dean John Willian Burgon]]
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Revision as of 11:11, 27 April 2019

The Last Twelve Verses of Mark relate to the last twelve verses of Mark 16 in the final chapter of the Gospel of Mark in the New Testament of the Bible. Two manuscripts of Mark 16 conclude with verse 8, which ends with the women fleeing from the empty tomb, and saying "nothing to anyone, because they were too frightened. New Living Translation: "The most ancient manuscripts of Mark conclude with verse 16:8. Later manuscripts add one or both of the following endings ..."

Textual critics have identified two distinct alternative endings: the "Longer Ending" (vv. 9-20) and the unversed "Shorter Ending" or "lost ending", which appear together in six Greek manuscripts, and in dozens of Ethiopic copies. Modern versions of the New Testament generally include the Longer Ending, but place it in brackets or otherwise format it to show that it is not considered part of the original text. Approximately 1700 Greek manuscripts have the last twelve verses, while two (Sinaiticus and Vaticanus) do not.

Codex Sinaiticus and Codex Vaticanus, do not contain the last twelve verses, 16:9–20, nor the unversed shorter ending.Papyrus 45 is the oldest extant manuscript that contains text from Mark, but it has no text from chapter 16 due to extensive damage. Codex Vaticanus has a blank column after ending at 16:8 and placing kata Markon, "according to Mark". There are three other blank columns in Vaticanus, in the Old Testament, but they are each due to incidental factors in the production of the codex: a change to the column-format, a change of scribes, and the conclusion of the Old Testament portion of the text. The blank column between Mark 16:8 and the beginning of Luke, however, is deliberately placed.

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