IPA for Russian

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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Russian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See Russian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Russian.

IPA Examples IPA Examples<ref>Russian makes contrasts between palatalized ("soft") and unpalatalized ("hard") consonants. Palatalized consonants, denoted by a superscript j, ‹ ʲ› , are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward the hard palate, in a manner similar to the articulation of the y sound in yes. /j/, /ɕɕ/, /tɕ/, /ʑʑ/ are also considered "soft".</ref> English equivalents
Consonants
b бок; небо белый; воробей boot; beautiful
d дом; деда делает; Владимир do; dew (for some dialects)
f фата; выставка;<ref name="voice"/> Чехов;<ref name="devoice"/> шурф фея; червь<ref name="devoice"/> fool; few
ɡ говорю; другой ɡʲ гербарий; ноги goo; ague
ɣ Господь, Господи;<ref name="g2">In some religious words such as Бог and Господь, as well as interjections, ‹г› and ‹к› represent [ɣ] and [x], respectively. When /ɡ/ loses its voicing, it is also lenited (a form of dissimilation) before plosives in some words.</ref> interj. ага, ого<ref name="g2"/>
j есть; юла; я; толстый <ref>The "soft" vowel letters <е> <ю> and <я> represent a /j/ plus a vowel when initial or following other vowels or a yer. When such vowels are unstressed, the /j/ may be deleted.</ref> yes, boy
k кость; книга; рука; бок кишки; короткий cool; cute
l луна; стула ; ствол[] лес; колено; мысль pill; least
m мыло; думать; там мясо; доме moot; mute
n нос; он нёс; они; корень noon; newt (for some dialects)
p пыль; стопа; скрип; зуб<ref name="devoice">Voiced obstruents (/b/, /bʲ/, /d/, /dʲ/ /ɡ/, /v/, /vʲ/, /z/, /zʲ/, /ʐ/, and /ʑʑ/) are devoiced word-finally unless the next word begins with a voiced obstruent [] пепел; зыбь[] pool; pew
r рыба; широкий; орла; жир река; четыре; три; зверь trilled r, like in Spanish
s собака; писать; нос; глаз[] синий; здесь; есть; грызть[] soup; super (for some dialects)
ʂ широкий; наш; хороший; муж;<ref name="devoice"/> что ɕ|showsymbol=ɕɕ щегол; считать; мужчина; вращать [] shop; fresh cheese, fish show
t тот; читаю; водка;<ref name="voice">In consonant clusters, the voicing or devoicing is determined by that of the final obstruent in the sequence [][] тереть; дитя; грудь[] tool; tune (for some dialects)
t͡s цель; птица; отец t͡ɕ чай; печень; течь tsunami, cats; chip
v ваш; давать; его<ref name="g">Intervocalic <г> can represent /v/ in certain words and affixes</ref> вести; человек voodoo; view
x ходить; ухо; Бог<ref name="g2"/> хина; лёгкий<ref name="voice"/><ref name="g2"/> bach; huge (for some dialects).</ref>
z заезжать; язык зелёный; озеро; просьба;<ref name="voice"/> zoo; azure (for some dialects)
ʐ жест; тяжёлый ʑ|showsymbol=ʑʑ дрожжи; заезжать[] rouge; asia
IPA Examples English equivalent
Stressed vowels
a трава́ ton
æ пять pat
ɑ па́лка [] palm
e пень pay
ɛ жест met
i си́него meet
ɨ ты roses (for some dialects)
o о́блако chore
ɵ тётя audio
u пу́ля moon
ʉ чуть choose
Unstressed vowels
ɐ паро́м; сообража́ть; стопа́ bud
ə ко́жа; ше́я; облако about
ɪ тяжёлый; эта́п; четы́ре bit
ɨ дыша́ть; жена́; го́ды dinner
ʉ юти́ться youth
ʊ мужчи́на put
Other symbols used in transcription of Russian pronunciation
IPA Explanation
ˈ Stress (placed before the stressed syllable),
for example этап [ɪˈtap]

Notes

See also

References

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