Books of the Bible

From Textus Receptus

The Books of the Bible are listed differently in the canons of Judaism and the Catholic, Protestant, Greek Orthodox, Slavonic Orthodox, Georgian, Armenian Apostolic, Syriac and Ethiopian churches, although there is substantial overlap. A table comparing the canons of some of these traditions appears below, comparing the Jewish Bible with the Christian Old Testament and New Testament. For a detailed discussion of the differences, see "Biblical canon".

The Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Catholic churches may have minor differences in their lists of accepted books. The list given here for these churches is the most inclusive: if at least one Eastern church accepts the book it is included here.

Tanakh, Old Testament, or Hebrew Bible

Template:See also A table cell with an asterisk (*) indicates that a book is present but in a different order. Empty cells indicate that a book is absent from that canon.

The disputed books are often called the Biblical apocrypha, a term that is sometimes used specifically (and possibly pejoratively in English) to describe the books in the Catholic and Orthodox canons that are absent from the Jewish Masoretic Text (also called the Tanakh or Miqra) and most modern Protestant Bibles. Catholic Christians, following the Canon of Trent, describe these books as deuterocanonical, meaning of "the second canon," while Greek Orthodox Christians, following the Synod of Jerusalem (1672), use the traditional name of anagignoskomena, meaning "that which is to be read." They are present in a few historic Protestant versions: the German Luther Bible included such books, as did the English 1611 King James Version.^[]

Note that this table uses current spellings of the NAB. Spellings of the 1609-1610 Douay-Rheims Bible describing the Catholic biblical canon were traslated different but the same books. In the spirit of ecumenism more recent Catholic translations, such as the 1970 are similar or identical spellings (e.g. 1 Chronicles) as Protestant Bibles in those books which are jointly considered canonical, i.e. the protocanonicals.

Tanakh (Jewish Bible)	Protestant Old Testament	Catholic Old Testament	Eastern Orthodox Old Testament	Original Language
Torah or Instruction	Pentateuch or Five Books
Bereishit (In the beginning)	Genesis	Genesis	Genesis	Hebrew
Shemot (Names)	Exodus	Exodus	Exodus	Hebrew
Vayikra (And He called)	Leviticus	Leviticus	Leviticus	Hebrew
Bamidbar (In the wilderness)	Numbers	Numbers	Numbers	Hebrew
Devarim (Words)	Deuteronomy	Deuteronomy	Deuteronomy	Hebrew
Nevi'im or Prophets	Historical books
Joshua	Joshua	Joshua	Joshua	Hebrew
Judges	Judges	Judges	Judges	Hebrew
see below	Ruth	Ruth	Ruth	Hebrew
Samuel	1 Samuel	1 Samuel	1 Samuel (1 Kingdoms)^[]	Hebrew
Samuel	2 Samuel	2 Samuel	2 Samuel (2 Kingdoms)^[]	Hebrew
Kings	1 Kings	1 Kings	1 Kings (3 Kingdoms)^[]	Hebrew
Kings	2 Kings	2 Kings	2 Kings (4 Kingdoms)^[]	Hebrew
Chronicles see below	1 Chronicles	1 Chronicles	1 Chronicles	Hebrew
Chronicles see below	2 Chronicles	2 Chronicles	2 Chronicles	Hebrew
			1 Esdras	Hebrew
Ezra (includes Nehemiah) see below	Ezra	Ezra	Ezra (2 Esdras)^[]^[]	Hebrew(+Aramaic)
Ezra (includes Nehemiah) see below	Nehemiah	Nehemiah	Nehemiah (2 Esdras)^[]^[]	Hebrew
		Tobit	Tobit	Hebrew(+Aramaic)
		Judith	Judith	Hebrew
see below	Esther	Esther^[]	Esther^[]	Hebrew
		1 Maccabees^[]	1 Maccabees	Hebrew
		2 Maccabees^[]	2 Maccabees	Hebrew
			3 Maccabees	Greek
			4 Maccabees	Greek
	Wisdom books
see below	Job	Job	Job	Hebrew
see below	Psalms	Psalms	Psalms^[]	Hebrew
			Odes^[]	Hebrew(+Greek)
see below	Proverbs	Proverbs	Proverbs	Hebrew
see below	Ecclesiastes	Ecclesiastes	Ecclesiastes	Hebrew
see below	Song of Songs	Song of Songs	Song of Songs	Hebrew
		Wisdom	Wisdom	Hebrew
		Sirach	Sirach	Hebrew, then translated into Greek
	Major prophets
Isaiah	Isaiah	Isaiah	Isaiah	Hebrew
Jeremiah	Jeremiah	Jeremiah	Jeremiah	Hebrew(+Aramaic)
see below	Lamentations	Lamentations	Lamentations	Hebrew
		Baruch<ref name="baruch">In Catholic Bibles, Baruch includes a sixth chapter called the Letter of Jeremiah. Baruch is not in the Protestant Bible or the Tanakh.</ref>	Baruch<ref name="baruch"/>	Hebrew <ref>Britannica 1911</ref>
			Letter of Jeremiah<ref>Eastern Orthodox Bibles have the books of Baruch and the Letter of Jeremiah separate.</ref>	Hebrew(+Greek)<ref name = "xsfucn">New English Translation of the Septuagint</ref>
Ezekiel	Ezekiel	Ezekiel	Ezekiel	Hebrew
see below	Daniel	Daniel<ref name="daniel">In Catholic and Orthodox Bibles, Daniel includes three sections not included in Protestant Bibles. The Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children are included between Daniel 3:23-24. Susanna is included as Daniel 13. Bel and the Dragon is included as Daniel 14. These are not in the Protestant Old Testament.</ref>	Daniel<ref name="daniel"/>	Hebrew+Aramaic
	Minor prophets
Trei Asar or Twelve	Hosea	Hosea	Hosea	Hebrew
	Joel	Joel	Joel	Hebrew
	Amos	Amos	Amos	Hebrew
	Obadiah	Obadiah	Obadiah	Hebrew
	Jonah	Jonah	Jonah	Hebrew
	Micah	Micah	Micah	Hebrew
	Nahum	Nahum	Nahum	Hebrew
	Habakkuk	Habakkuk	Habakkuk	Hebrew
	Zephaniah	Zephaniah	Zephaniah	Hebrew
	Haggai	Haggai	Haggai	Hebrew
	Zechariah	Zechariah	Zechariah	Hebrew
	Malachi	Malachi	Malachi	Hebrew
Ketuvim or Writings<ref>These books are found among the historical and wisdom books of the Christian canons.</ref>
Psalms				Hebrew
Proverbs				Hebrew
Job				Hebrew
Song of Songs				Hebrew
Ruth				Hebrew
Lamentations				Hebrew
Ecclesiastes				Hebrew
Esther				Hebrew
Daniel				Hebrew+Aramaic
Ezra (includes Nehemiah)				Hebrew(+Aramaic)
Chronicles				Hebrew

New Testament

Template:See also In general, among Christian denominations, the New Testament Canon is an agreed-upon list of 27 books, although book order can vary. The book order is the same in the Greek Orthodox, Catholic, and Protestant tradition.<ref group=L name=Luther/> The Slavonic, Armenian and Ethiopian traditions have different New Testament book orders to this.

Catholic, E. Orthodox, Protestant, and most O. Orthodox	Traditional Luther Bible<ref group=L name=Luther/>	Traditional Syriac	Original Language (Koine Greek)
Canonical Gospels
Matthew	Matthew	Matthew	Greek (?)<ref name="gospelmatthew">See Aramaic or Hebrew. Most scholars consider the Gospel of Matthew to have been written in Koine Greek, though some experts maintain the view that it was originally composed in Aramaic or Hebrew. See Wikipedia's Gospel of Matthew and New Testament articles.</ref>
Mark	Mark	Mark	Greek
Luke	Luke	Luke	Greek
John	John	John	Greek
Apostolic History
Acts	Acts	Acts	Greek
Pauline Epistles
Romans	Romans	Romans	Greek
1 Corinthians	1 Corinthians	1 Corinthians	Greek
2 Corinthians	2 Corinthians	2 Corinthians	Greek
Galatians	Galatians	Galatians	Greek
Ephesians	Ephesians	Ephesians	Greek
Philippians	Philippians	Philippians	Greek
Colossians	Colossians	Colossians	Greek
1 Thessalonians	1 Thessalonians	1 Thessalonians	Greek
2 Thessalonians	2 Thessalonians	2 Thessalonians	Greek
1 Timothy	1 Timothy	1 Timothy	Greek
2 Timothy	2 Timothy	2 Timothy	Greek
Titus	Titus	Titus	Greek
Philemon	Philemon	Philemon	Greek
General Epistles
Hebrews	Hebrews<ref group=L name=Luther>Four New Testament works were questioned or "spoken against" by Martin Luther, and he changed the order of his New Testament to reflect this, but he did not leave them out, nor has any Lutheran body since. Traditional German "Luther Bibles" are still printed with the New Testament in this changed "Luther Bible" order.</ref>	Hebrews	Greek (?)<ref name="epistlehebrews">Contemporary scholars believe the Hebrews to have been written in Greek, though a minority believe it was originally written in Hebrew, then translated into Greek by Luke. See Wikipedia's New Testament article.</ref>
James	James<ref group=L name=Luther/>	James	Greek
1 Peter	1 Peter	1 Peter	Greek
2 Peter	2 Peter		Greek
1 John	1 John	1 John	Greek
2 John	2 John		Greek
3 John	3 John		Greek
Jude	Jude<ref group=L name=Luther/>		Greek
Apocalypse
Revelation	Revelation<ref group=L name=Luther/>		Greek

The Ethiopian Orthodox Church has a few additional books in its canon: Jubilees, Book of Enoch, 4 Baruch along with three books of Meqabyan that are unique to their canon.

The Peshitta excludes 2-3 John, 2 Peter, Jude, and Revelation, but Bibles of the modern Syriac Orthodox Church include later translations of those books along with the Letter of Baruch (sometimes included as part of 2 Baruch). Still today the official lectionary followed by the Syrian Orthodox Church (with headquarters at Kottayam (Kerala), and the Chaldean Syriac Church, also known as the Church of the East (Nestorian), with headquarters at Trichur (Kerala)) presents lessons from only the twenty-two books of Peshitta, the version to which appeal is made for the settlement of doctrinal questions.

The Third Epistle to the Corinthians and the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs were once considered part of the Armenian Orthodox Bible, but are no longer printed with modern editions.

The New Testament has different orders in the Slavonic, Ethiopian, Syriac and Armenian traditions. Protestant Bibles in Russia and Ethiopia usually follow the local Orthodox order for the New Testament.

Chart Notes

Apocryphal or Deuterocanonical books

These are the Biblical Apocrypha; books recognized by the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox & Oriental Orthodox Churches as being part of scripture (and thus deuterocanonical rather than apocryphal), but most Protestants do not recognize them. Many other Christians recognize them as good, but not on the level of the other books of the Bible. Anglicanism, as stated in the Thirty-nine Articles, consider the apocrypha to be "read for example of life" but not used "to establish any doctrine."<ref name="39articles"/> Luther made a parallel statement in calling them: "not considered equal to the Holy Scriptures, but are useful and good to read."<ref>The Popular and Critical Bible Encyclopædia and Scriptural Dictionary, Fully Defining and Explaining All Religious Terms, Including Biographical, Geographical, Historical, Archæological and Doctrinal Themes, p.521, edited by Samuel Fallows et al, The Howard-Severance company, 1901,1910. - Google Books</ref>

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Notes

External links

Old Testament Reading Room & New Testament Reading Room: Extensive online resources for biblical studies (Tyndale Seminary)
The Canon of Scripture – a Catholic perspective
Table of Tanakh Books - includes Latin, English, Hebrew and abbreviated names (from Tel Aviv University).
Judaica Press Translation - Online Jewish translation of the books of the Bible. The Tanakh and Rashi's entire commentary.
Books of the Apocrypha (from the UMC)
Western Armenian Bible (an essay, with full official canon at the end)

The King James Version 2023 Edition New Testament is now complete and in print format here.

Internal Links

Old Testament - New Testament KJV 1900

New Testament KJV 2016

Scrivener's 1894 Textus Receptus

2016 Urdu New Testament (TR Based)

Russian Synodal Version (TR Based)

Reina Valera Gómez Spanish (TR Based)

Marginal Notes in the 1611 Authorized Version

Ephesians 3:9

Why We Should Not Passover Easter 1, 2, & 3

Will Kinney

List of TR/KJV based foreign bibles

List of New Testament minuscules

List of New Testament lectionaries

List of New Testament Papyri

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