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| - | The Comma Johanneum is a [[Comma (rhetoric)|comma]] (a short clause) contained in most translations of the [[First Epistle of John]] This text is variously referred to as the ''Comma Johanneum'', the ''Johannine Comma'', the ''Heavenly Witnesses'', ''1 John 5:7'' or ''1 John v:7''. The question of the authenticity of the verse, with the phrase:
| + | #REDIRECT [[Johannine Comma]] |
| - | :there are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost, and these three are one.
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| - | has been a major subject of debate from the 1500s to today. The debate on [[1 John 5:7]] has also been a primary focus of discussions on the integrity of the New Testament documents and scribal fealty to the Bible text. The varying doctrinal and Christological interpetations of the verse have been a major part of these debates.
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| - | In translations containing the clause, such as the [[King James Version]], [[1 John 5:7]]-[[1 John 5:8|8]] reads as follows (with the Comma in bold print):
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| - | ::[[1 John 5:7|5:7]] "For there are three that bear record '''in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one.'''
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| - | ::[[1 John 5:8|5:8]] '''And there are three that bear witness in earth''', the Spirit, and the water, and the blood: and these three agree in one."
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| - | The resulting passage is an explicit reference to the [[Trinity]] of Father, Son and Holy Spirit.
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| - | ==Comma Johanneum displayed in English, Latin, and Greek==
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| - | The '''bold print''' is the Johannine Comma.
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| - | :[[1 John 5:7]]-[[1 John 5:8|8]] [[King james bible|Authorized King James Version]]
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| - | :7. For there are three that bear record '''in heaven''',
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| - | :'''the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost:'''
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| - | :'''and these three are one.'''
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| - | :8. '''And there are three that bear witness in earth''',
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| - | :the spirit, and the water, and the blood:
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| - | :and these three agree in one.
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| - | Latin: quoniam tres sunt qui testimonium dant '''in caelo pater verbum et spiritus sanctus et hi tres unum sunt et tres sunt qui testimonium dant in terra''' spiritus et aqua et sanguis et tres unum sunt
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| - | :Greek
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| - | :[[1 John 5:7 Greek NT: Beza's Textus Receptus (1598)|ΙΩΑΝΝΟΥ Α΄ 5:7]] [[3754|ὅτι]] [[5140|τρεῖς]] [[1526|εἰσιν]] [[3588|οἱ]] '''[[3140|μαρτυροῦντες]] [[1722|εν]] [[3588|τῷ]] [[3772|οὐρανῷ]], [[3588|ὁ]] [[3962|πατήρ]], [[3588|ὁ]] [[3056|λόγος]], [[2532|καὶ]] [[3588|τὸ]] [[40|ἅγιον]] [[4151|Πνεῦμα]]· [[2532|καὶ]] [[3778|οὗτοι]] [[3588|οἱ]] [[5140|τρεῖς]] [[1520|ἕν]] [[1526|εἰσι]]·'''
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| - | :[[1 John 5:8 Greek NT: Beza's Textus Receptus (1598)|ΙΩΑΝΝΟΥ Α΄ 5:8]] '''[[2532|καὶ]] [[5140|τρεῖς]] [[1510|εἰσιν]] [[1 John 5:οἱ|οἱ]] [[3140|μαρτυροῦντες]] [[1722|ἕν]] [[3588|τῇ]] [[1093|γῇ]]''', [[3588|τὸ]] [[4151|πνεῦμα]], [[2532|καὶ]] [[3588|τὸ]] [[2532|ὕδωρ]], [[2532|καὶ]] [[3588|τὸ]] [[129|αἷμα]]· [[2532|καὶ]] [[3588|οἱ]] [[5140|τρεῖς]] [[1519|εἰς]] [[3588|τὸ]] [[1520|ἕν]] [[1526|εἰσὶν]].
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| - | Bible version without the Johannine Comma.
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| - | ::[[New American Standard Bible|New American Standard]]:
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| - | :7. For there are three that testify:
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| - | :8. the Spirit and the water and the blood;
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| - | :and the three are in agreement.
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| - | Although technically the Comma refers to text that overlaps verses 7 and 8, it is common to refer to the text as verse seven, or [[1 John 5:7]]. In versions without the Comma the verse ordering depends on the version. Most common is the method used by the [[NASB]], which has the phrase "For...testify" as verse 7 and the rest "the Spirit...in agreement" as verse 8. The [[ASV]] and the [[ERV]] bring part of the traditional verse 6 down as verse 7. Weymouth splits the verses in another fashion.
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| - | ==Bibles that include or omit Comma==
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| - | Although many traditional Bible translations, most notably the [[Authorized King James Version]] ([[KJV]]), contain the Comma, modern Bible translations from the Critical Text such as the [[New International Version]] ([[NIV]]), the [[New American Standard Bible]] ([[NASB]]), the [[English Standard Version]] ([[ESV]]), the [[New Revised Standard Version]] ([[NRSV]]) tend to either omit the Comma entirely, or relegate it to the footnotes.<sup>[]</sup>
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| - | In the [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] tradition, the Latin ''[[Vulgate#Nova Vulgata|Nova Vulgata]]'' (New Vulgate), published in 1979 following the [[Second Vatican Council]], based on the Critical Text and approved for liturgical use, does not include the Comma.<sup>[]</sup> Nor does the English-language ''[[New American Bible]].'' Today there are Bible translations with a Roman Catholic church imprimatur both with and without the verse, as the traditional [[Douay–Rheims Bible|Rheims New Testament]] and the [[Ronald Knox]] translation of the Vulgate include the verse.
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| - | In the Greek Orthodox tradition, earlier translations into Modern Greek by [[Maximos of Gallipoli|Maximus Callipolites]], printed in 1638 for [[Cyril Lucaris|Cyrillus Lucaris]], and by [[Neophytos Vamvas|Neophytus Vamvas]] completed in 1850, include the Comma in the text. The editions of the ZWH Brotherhood and [http://www.myriobiblos.gr/bible/ Antoniades] have the Comma in the main text in a smaller font.<sup>[]</sup>
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| - | The ''[[Cambridge Paragraph Bible| Cambridge Paragraph Bible of the authorized English version]]'', an edition of the King James Version published in 1873, and edited by noted textual scholar [[Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener|F.H.A. Scrivener]], one of the translators of the [[English Revised Version]], set the [http://www.archive.org/stream/cambridgeparagra00scri#page/232/mode/2up Comma] in [[Italic type|italics]] to reflect its disputed authenticity. Few later Authorized Version editions retained this formatting. The [http://sceti.library.upenn.edu/sceti/printedbooksNew/index.cfm?TextID=kjbible&PagePosition=1483 AV-1611 page] and almost all AV editions use a normal font.
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| - | Owing to the widespread use of the [[Textus Receptus]] ([[TR]]) as the principal source-language text for Bible editions, with the widespread use of the Geneva and then the [[Authorized Version]], the comma is contained in most Bible editions and printings published from [[1522 AD|1522]] until the latter part of the nineteenth century. Other new [[translations of the Bible|translations]] varied in their approach to the verses. <sup>[]</sup> Bibles based on the Received Text with the Comma in the text include [[Young's Literal Translation|Young's]], the [http://books.google.com/books/about/Kj3_Literal_Translation_New_Testament.html?id=utC5TQCi_xQC KJ3 Literal Translation] and the [[New King James Version|New King James]].
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| - | ==Omissions==
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| - | [[image:CODEX SINAITICUS 1 John 5 7 8 Comma Johanneum.JPG|thumb|250px|left|Excerpt from [[Codex Sinaiticus]] including [[1 John 5:7]]–[[1 John 5:9|9]]. It lacks the Comma Johanneum. The purple-coloured text says: "There are three witness bearers, the Spirit and the water and the blood".]]
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| - | [[1 John 5:7]] appears is the large majority of reformation bibles, but is lacking in most modern versions.
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| - | [[John Calvin]] ([[10 July]] [[1509 AD|1509]] – [[27 May]] [[1564 AD|1564]])- "However, the passage flows better when this clause is added, and as I see that '''''IT IS FOUND IN THE BEST AND MOST APPROVED COPIES''''', I am inclined to receive it as the true reading."
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| - | [[John Gill]] (23 de novembro de [[1697 AD|1697]] - 14 Outubro [[1771 AD|1771]])- commenting on [[1 John 5:7]] - "As to the old Latin interpreter, it is certain it is to be seen in many [[Latin]] manuscripts of an early date, and stands in the [[Latin Vulgate|Vulgate Latin]] edition of the [[London Polyglot Bible]]: and the Latin translation, which bears the name of [[Jerome|Jerom[e]]] ([[382 AD]]), has it, and who, in an epistle of his to Eustochium, prefixed to his translation of these canonical epistles, complains of the omission of it by unfaithful interpreters."
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| - | ==Manuscript Evidence==
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| - | [[1 John 5:7]] is found in: Greek manuscript 61, codex Ravianus and Britannicus, it's also in the margins of 88 and 629, manuscript E (735 AD; has Acts 8:37). Likewise, it is found in the old Latin manuscripts Codex Freisingensis (Latin "r", "Beuron 64"; AD *500*), leon 1 (various readings of 1 John 5:7-8; AD 913-923), leon 2 (margin, 930 AD; has Acts 8:37) harl 2 (AD 752), Codex Toletanus (988 AD; has Acts 8:37, 9:5, 9:6), Codex Demidovianus (1150 AD; has Acts 8:37), Codex Colbertinus (AD 1150), Codex Perpinianus (AD 1250; has Acts 8:37), and Speculum (Latin "m" AD *450*, within a century of Sinaiticus and Vaticanus)
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| - | It is found in 68mg(mg=margin), 636mg and 918. It is also found in omega 110, 429mg, 221, and 2318. It's in the Montfort MS and Codex Wizanburgens (8th century). It is found in the margin of Codex Ottobonianus (629, 14th century).
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| - | It is also found in the Ulmensis manuscript (AD 850), and Codex pal Legionensis (AD *650*). It is found in the German manuscript The Augsburger Bibelhandschrift (2 Cod 3)(AD 1350).
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| - | ==See Also==
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| - | * [[1 John 5:7]]
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| - | * [[1 John 5:8]]
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| - | ==External Links==
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| - | *[http://www.jesus-is-lord.com/1john57.htm Anonymous Author on 1 John 5:7]
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| - | *[http://sites.google.com/site/kjvtoday/home/translation-issues/the-father-the-word-and-the-holy-ghost-in-1-john-57 KJV Today: 1 John 5:7] A fuller picture of the corruption of 1 John 5:6-7. (Includes photographs of manuscripts and other visual aids)
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| - | * [http://www.1john57.com/1john57.htm A complete list of New Testament manuscripts that verify 1 John 5:7]
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| - | * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma_Johanneum Wikipedia Article on Comma Johanneum]
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