IPA for Russian

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![[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! Examples !! [[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! Examples<ref>Russian makes contrasts between [[palatalization|palatalized]] ("soft") and unpalatalized ("hard") consonants.  Palatalized consonants, denoted by a superscript j,  ‹ {{IPA|ʲ}}› , are pronounced with the body of the [[tongue]] raised toward the [[hard palate]], in a manner similar to the articulation of the ''y'' sound in ''yes''.  {{IPA|/j/}}, {{IPA|/ɕɕ/}}, {{IPA|/tɕ/}}, {{IPA|/ʑʑ/}} are also considered "soft".</ref> !! English equivalents
+
![[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! Examples !! [[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! Examples<ref>Russian makes contrasts between [[palatalization|palatalized]] ("soft") and unpalatalized ("hard") consonants.  Palatalized consonants, denoted by a superscript j,  ‹ ʲ› , are pronounced with the body of the [[tongue]] raised toward the [[hard palate]], in a manner similar to the articulation of the ''y'' sound in ''yes''.  /j/, /ɕɕ/, /tɕ/, /ʑʑ/ are also considered "soft".</ref> !! English equivalents
|-
|-
! colspan=5| [[Consonant]]s
! colspan=5| [[Consonant]]s
|-
|-
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|b}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>b</big>
|'''б'''ок; не'''б'''о
|'''б'''ок; не'''б'''о
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|bʲ}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>bʲ</big>
|'''б'''елый; воро'''б'''ей
|'''б'''елый; воро'''б'''ей
|'''b'''oot; '''b'''eautiful
|'''b'''oot; '''b'''eautiful
|-
|-
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|d}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>d</big>
|'''д'''ом; де'''д'''а
|'''д'''ом; де'''д'''а
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|dʲ}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>dʲ</big>
|'''д'''елает; Вла'''д'''имир
|'''д'''елает; Вла'''д'''имир
|'''d'''o; '''d'''ew (for some [[IPA chart for English dialects|dialects]])
|'''d'''o; '''d'''ew (for some [[IPA chart for English dialects|dialects]])
|-
|-
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|f}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>f</big>
|'''ф'''ата; выста'''в'''ка;<ref name="voice"/> Чехо'''в''';<ref name="devoice"/> шур'''ф'''
|'''ф'''ата; выста'''в'''ка;<ref name="voice"/> Чехо'''в''';<ref name="devoice"/> шур'''ф'''
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|fʲ}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>fʲ</big>
|'''ф'''ея; чер'''вь'''<ref name="devoice"/>
|'''ф'''ея; чер'''вь'''<ref name="devoice"/>
|'''f'''ool; '''f'''ew
|'''f'''ool; '''f'''ew
|-
|-
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɡ}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>ɡ</big>
|'''г'''оворю; дру'''г'''ой
|'''г'''оворю; дру'''г'''ой
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɡʲ}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>ɡʲ</big>
|'''г'''ербарий; но'''г'''и
|'''г'''ербарий; но'''г'''и
|'''g'''oo; a'''g'''ue
|'''g'''oo; a'''g'''ue
|-
|-
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɣ}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>ɣ</big>
-
|'''Г'''осподь, '''Г'''осподи;<ref name="g2">In some religious words such as Бог and Господь, as well as interjections,  ‹г› and ‹к› represent {{IPA|[ɣ]}} and {{IPA|[x]}}, respectively.  When {{IPA|/ɡ/}} loses its voicing, it is also [[lenitition|lenited]] (a form of [[dissimilation]]) before plosives in some words.</ref> ''interj.'' а'''г'''а, о'''г'''о<ref name="g2"/>
+
|'''Г'''осподь, '''Г'''осподи;<ref name="g2">In some religious words such as Бог and Господь, as well as interjections,  ‹г› and ‹к› represent [ɣ] and [x], respectively.  When /ɡ/ loses its voicing, it is also [[lenitition|lenited]] (a form of [[dissimilation]]) before plosives in some words.</ref> ''interj.'' а'''г'''а, о'''г'''о<ref name="g2"/>
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
|-
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|j}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>j</big>
-
|'''е'''сть; '''ю'''ла; '''я'''; толсты'''й''' <ref>The "soft" vowel letters <е> <ю> and <я> represent a {{IPA|/j/}} plus a vowel when initial or following other vowels or a yer.  When such vowels are unstressed, the {{IPA|/j/}} may be deleted.</ref>
+
|'''е'''сть; '''ю'''ла; '''я'''; толсты'''й''' <ref>The "soft" vowel letters <е> <ю> and <я> represent a /j/ plus a vowel when initial or following other vowels or a yer.  When such vowels are unstressed, the /j/ may be deleted.</ref>
|'''y'''es, bo'''y'''
|'''y'''es, bo'''y'''
|-
|-
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|k}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>k</big>
|'''к'''ость; '''к'''нига; ру'''к'''а; бо'''к'''
|'''к'''ость; '''к'''нига; ру'''к'''а; бо'''к'''
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|kʲ}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>kʲ</big>
|'''к'''ишки; корот'''к'''ий
|'''к'''ишки; корот'''к'''ий
|'''c'''ool; '''c'''ute
|'''c'''ool; '''c'''ute
|-
|-
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|l}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>l</big>
-
|'''л'''уна; сту'''л'''а ; ство'''л'''<ref> {{IPA|/l/}} is often strongly [[pharyngealization|pharyngealized]] but this feature is nondistinctive {{Harvcol|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|p=187-188}}.</ref>
+
|'''л'''уна; сту'''л'''а ; ство'''л'''<sup>[]</sup>
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|lʲ}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>lʲ</big>
|'''л'''ес; ко'''л'''ено; мыс'''ль'''
|'''л'''ес; ко'''л'''ено; мыс'''ль'''
|pi'''ll'''; '''l'''east
|pi'''ll'''; '''l'''east
|-
|-
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|m}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>m</big>
|'''м'''ыло; ду'''м'''ать; та'''м'''
|'''м'''ыло; ду'''м'''ать; та'''м'''
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|mʲ}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>mʲ</big>
|'''м'''ясо; до'''м'''е
|'''м'''ясо; до'''м'''е
|'''m'''oot; '''m'''ute
|'''m'''oot; '''m'''ute
|-
|-
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|n}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>n</big>
|'''н'''ос; о'''н'''
|'''н'''ос; о'''н'''
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|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|nʲ}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>nʲ</big>
|'''н'''ёс; о'''н'''и; коре'''нь'''
|'''н'''ёс; о'''н'''и; коре'''нь'''
|'''n'''oon; '''n'''ewt (for some [[IPA chart for English dialects|dialects]])
|'''n'''oon; '''n'''ewt (for some [[IPA chart for English dialects|dialects]])
|-
|-
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|p}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>p</big>
-
|'''п'''ыль; сто'''п'''а; скри'''п'''; зу'''б'''<ref name="devoice">Voiced obstruents ({{IPA|/b/, /bʲ/, /d/, /dʲ/ /ɡ/, /v/, /vʲ/, /z/, /zʲ/, /ʐ/}}, and {{IPA|/ʑʑ/}}) are devoiced word-finally unless the next word begins with a voiced obstruent {{Harvcol|Halle|1959|p=22}}.</ref>
+
|'''п'''ыль; сто'''п'''а; скри'''п'''; зу'''б'''<ref name="devoice">Voiced obstruents (/b/, /bʲ/, /d/, /dʲ/ /ɡ/, /v/, /vʲ/, /z/, /zʲ/, /ʐ/, and /ʑʑ/) are devoiced word-finally unless the next word begins with a voiced obstruent <sup>[]</sup>
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|pʲ}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>pʲ</big>
-
|'''п'''е'''п'''ел; зы'''бь'''<ref name="devoice"/>
+
|'''п'''е'''п'''ел; зы'''бь'''<sup>[]</sup>
|'''p'''ool; '''p'''ew
|'''p'''ool; '''p'''ew
|-
|-
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|r}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>r</big>
|'''р'''ыба; ши'''р'''окий; о'''р'''ла; жи'''р'''
|'''р'''ыба; ши'''р'''окий; о'''р'''ла; жи'''р'''
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|rʲ}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>rʲ</big>
|'''р'''ека; четы'''р'''е; т'''р'''и; зве'''рь'''
|'''р'''ека; четы'''р'''е; т'''р'''и; зве'''рь'''
|[[alveolar trill|trilled r]], like in [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
|[[alveolar trill|trilled r]], like in [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
|-
|-
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|s}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>s</big>
-
|'''с'''обака; пи'''с'''ать; но'''с'''; гла'''з'''<ref name="devoice"/>
+
|'''с'''обака; пи'''с'''ать; но'''с'''; гла'''з'''<sup>[]</sup>
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|sʲ}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>sʲ</big>
-
|'''с'''иний; зде'''сь'''; е'''с'''ть; гры'''з'''ть<ref name="voice"/>
+
|'''с'''иний; зде'''сь'''; е'''с'''ть; гры'''з'''ть<sup>[]</sup>
|'''s'''oup; '''s'''uper (for some [[IPA chart for English dialects|dialects]])
|'''s'''oup; '''s'''uper (for some [[IPA chart for English dialects|dialects]])
|-
|-
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʂ}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>ʂ</big>
|'''ш'''ирокий; на'''ш'''; хоро'''ш'''ий; му'''ж''';<ref name="devoice"/> '''ч'''то
|'''ш'''ирокий; на'''ш'''; хоро'''ш'''ий; му'''ж''';<ref name="devoice"/> '''ч'''то
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɕ|showsymbol=ɕɕ}}
+
|align="center" |<big>ɕ|showsymbol=ɕɕ
-
|'''щ'''егол; '''сч'''итать; му'''жч'''ина; вра'''щ'''ать <ref name="щ">While some speakers pronounce words with <щ> as {{IPA|[ɕɕ]}} and some as {{IPA|[ɕtɕ]}}, none contrast the two pronunciations, even in words where this sound is spelled with other letters.</ref>
+
|'''щ'''егол; '''сч'''итать; му'''жч'''ина; вра'''щ'''ать <sup>[]</sup>
| '''sh'''op; fre'''sh ch'''eese, fi'''sh sh'''ow
| '''sh'''op; fre'''sh ch'''eese, fi'''sh sh'''ow
|-
|-
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|t}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>t</big>
-
|'''т'''о'''т'''; чи'''т'''аю; во'''д'''ка;<ref name="voice">In consonant clusters, the voicing or devoicing is determined by that of the final obstruent in the sequence {{Harvcol|Halle|1959|p=31}}</ref> лё'''д'''<ref name="devoice"/>
+
|'''т'''о'''т'''; чи'''т'''аю; во'''д'''ка;<ref name="voice">In consonant clusters, the voicing or devoicing is determined by that of the final obstruent in the sequence <sup>[]</sup><sup>[]</sup>
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|tʲ}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>tʲ</big>
-
|'''т'''ере'''ть'''; ди'''т'''я; гру'''дь'''<ref name="devoice"/>
+
|'''т'''ере'''ть'''; ди'''т'''я; гру'''дь'''<sup>[]</sup>
|'''t'''ool; '''t'''une (for some [[IPA chart for English dialects|dialects]])
|'''t'''ool; '''t'''une (for some [[IPA chart for English dialects|dialects]])
|-
|-
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|t͡s}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>t͡s</big>
|'''ц'''ель; пти'''ц'''а; оте'''ц'''
|'''ц'''ель; пти'''ц'''а; оте'''ц'''
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|t͡ɕ}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>t͡ɕ</big>
|'''ч'''ай; пе'''ч'''ень; те'''ч'''ь
|'''ч'''ай; пе'''ч'''ень; те'''ч'''ь
|'''ts'''unami, ca'''ts'''; '''ch'''ip
|'''ts'''unami, ca'''ts'''; '''ch'''ip
|-
|-
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|v}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>v</big>
-
|'''в'''аш; да'''в'''ать; е'''г'''о<ref name="g">Intervocalic <г> can represent {{IPA|/v/}} in certain words and affixes</ref>
+
|'''в'''аш; да'''в'''ать; е'''г'''о<ref name="g">Intervocalic <г> can represent /v/ in certain words and affixes</ref>
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|vʲ}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>vʲ</big>
|'''в'''ести; чело'''в'''ек
|'''в'''ести; чело'''в'''ек
|'''v'''oodoo; '''v'''iew
|'''v'''oodoo; '''v'''iew
|-
|-
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|x}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>x</big>
|'''х'''одить; у'''х'''о; Бо'''г'''<ref name="g2"/>
|'''х'''одить; у'''х'''о; Бо'''г'''<ref name="g2"/>
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|xʲ}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>xʲ</big>
|'''х'''ина; лё'''г'''кий<ref name="voice"/><ref name="g2"/>
|'''х'''ина; лё'''г'''кий<ref name="voice"/><ref name="g2"/>
|ba'''ch'''; '''h'''uge (for some [[IPA chart for English dialects|dialects]]).</ref>
|ba'''ch'''; '''h'''uge (for some [[IPA chart for English dialects|dialects]]).</ref>
|-
|-
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|z}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>z</big>
|'''з'''аезжать; я'''з'''ык
|'''з'''аезжать; я'''з'''ык
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|zʲ}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>zʲ</big>
|'''з'''елёный; о'''з'''еро; про'''сь'''ба;<ref name="voice"/>
|'''з'''елёный; о'''з'''еро; про'''сь'''ба;<ref name="voice"/>
|'''z'''oo; a'''z'''ure (for some [[IPA chart for English dialects|dialects]])
|'''z'''oo; a'''z'''ure (for some [[IPA chart for English dialects|dialects]])
|-
|-
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʐ}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>ʐ</big>
|'''ж'''ест; тя'''ж'''ёлый
|'''ж'''ест; тя'''ж'''ёлый
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʑ|showsymbol=ʑʑ}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>ʑ|showsymbol=ʑʑ</big>
-
|дро'''жж'''и; зае'''зж'''ать<ref>The phoneme {{IPA|/ʑʑ/}} is in many dialects is replaced with {{IPA|/ʐ/}}.</ref>
+
|дро'''жж'''и; зае'''зж'''ать<sup>[]</sup>
|rou'''g'''e; a'''si'''a
|rou'''g'''e; a'''si'''a
|}
|}
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!colspan=3|Stressed [[vowel]]s  
!colspan=3|Stressed [[vowel]]s  
|-
|-
-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|a}}</big>
+
|align="center"|<big>a</big>
|трав'''а́'''
|трав'''а́'''
|t'''o'''n
|t'''o'''n
|-
|-
-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|æ}}</big>
+
|align="center"|<big>æ</big>
|п'''я'''ть
|п'''я'''ть
|p'''a'''t
|p'''a'''t
|-
|-
-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɑ}}</big>
+
|align="center"|<big>ɑ</big>
-
|п'''а́'''лка <ref> {{IPA|[ɑ]}} appears between a hard consonant (or a pause) and {{IPA|/l/}}</ref>
+
|п'''а́'''лка <sup>[]</sup>
|p'''a'''lm
|p'''a'''lm
|-
|-
-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|e}}</big>
+
|align="center"|<big>e</big>
|п'''е'''нь
|п'''е'''нь
|p'''a'''y
|p'''a'''y
|-
|-
-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɛ}}</big><!-- Linking to a vowel article isn't appropriate here since this character is used here to represent both an open-mid and a mid vowel, depending on context-->
+
|align="center"|<big>ɛ</big><!-- Linking to a vowel article isn't appropriate here since this character is used here to represent both an open-mid and a mid vowel, depending on context-->
|ж'''е'''ст
|ж'''е'''ст
|m'''e'''t
|m'''e'''t
|-
|-
-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|i}}</big>
+
|align="center"|<big>i</big>
|с'''и́'''него
|с'''и́'''него
|m'''ee'''t
|m'''ee'''t
|-
|-
-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɨ}}</big>
+
|align="center"|<big>ɨ</big>
|т'''ы'''
|т'''ы'''
|ros'''e'''s (for some [[IPA chart for English dialects|dialects]])
|ros'''e'''s (for some [[IPA chart for English dialects|dialects]])
|-
|-
-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|o}}</big>
+
|align="center"|<big>o</big>
|'''о́'''блако
|'''о́'''блако
|ch'''o'''re
|ch'''o'''re
|-
|-
-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɵ}}</big>
+
|align="center"|<big>ɵ</big>
|т'''ё'''тя
|т'''ё'''тя
|audi'''o'''
|audi'''o'''
|-
|-
-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|u}}</big>
+
|align="center"|<big>u</big>
|п'''у́'''ля
|п'''у́'''ля
|m'''oo'''n
|m'''oo'''n
|-
|-
-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ʉ}}</big>
+
|align="center"|<big>ʉ</big>
|ч'''у'''ть
|ч'''у'''ть
|ch'''oo'''se
|ch'''oo'''se
Line 182: Line 182:
!colspan=3|[[Vowel reduction in Russian|Unstressed vowels]]
!colspan=3|[[Vowel reduction in Russian|Unstressed vowels]]
|-
|-
-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɐ}}</big>
+
|align="center"|<big>ɐ</big>
|п'''а'''ро́м; с'''оо'''бража́ть; ст'''о'''па́
|п'''а'''ро́м; с'''оо'''бража́ть; ст'''о'''па́
|b'''u'''d
|b'''u'''d
|-
|-
-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ə}}</big>
+
|align="center"|<big>ə</big>
|ко́ж'''а'''; ше́'''я'''; облак'''о'''
|ко́ж'''а'''; ше́'''я'''; облак'''о'''
|'''a'''bout
|'''a'''bout
|-
|-
-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɪ}}</big>
+
|align="center"|<big>ɪ</big>
|т'''я'''жёлый; '''э'''та́п; ч'''е'''ты́ре
|т'''я'''жёлый; '''э'''та́п; ч'''е'''ты́ре
|b'''i'''t
|b'''i'''t
|-
|-
-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɨ}}</big>
+
|align="center"|<big>ɨ</big>
|д'''ы'''ша́ть; ж'''е'''на́; го́д'''ы'''
|д'''ы'''ша́ть; ж'''е'''на́; го́д'''ы'''
|d'''i'''nner
|d'''i'''nner
|-
|-
-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ʉ}}</big>
+
|align="center"|<big>ʉ</big>
|'''ю'''ти́ться
|'''ю'''ти́ться
|'''you'''th
|'''you'''th
|-
|-
-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ʊ}}</big>
+
|align="center"|<big>ʊ</big>
|м'''у'''жчи́на
|м'''у'''жчи́на
|p'''u'''t
|p'''u'''t
Line 211: Line 211:
! IPA !! Explanation
! IPA !! Explanation
|-
|-
-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ˈ}}</big>
+
|align="center" |<big>ˈ</big>
-
| Stress (placed before the stressed syllable),<br />for example этап {{IPA|[ɪˈtap]}}</big>
+
| Stress (placed before the stressed syllable),<br />for example этап [ɪˈtap]</big>
|}
|}
|}
|}
==Notes==
==Notes==
-
{{Reflist}}
+
 
==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 14:56, 8 January 2011

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Russian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See Russian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Russian.

IPA Examples IPA Examples<ref>Russian makes contrasts between palatalized ("soft") and unpalatalized ("hard") consonants. Palatalized consonants, denoted by a superscript j, ‹ ʲ› , are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward the hard palate, in a manner similar to the articulation of the y sound in yes. /j/, /ɕɕ/, /tɕ/, /ʑʑ/ are also considered "soft".</ref> English equivalents
Consonants
b бок; небо bʲ белый; воробей boot; beautiful
d дом; деда dʲ делает; Владимир do; dew (for some dialects)
f фата; выставка;<ref name="voice"/> Чехов;<ref name="devoice"/> шурф fʲ фея; червь<ref name="devoice"/> fool; few
ɡ говорю; другой ɡʲ гербарий; ноги goo; ague
ɣ Господь, Господи;<ref name="g2">In some religious words such as Бог and Господь, as well as interjections, ‹г› and ‹к› represent [ɣ] and [x], respectively. When /ɡ/ loses its voicing, it is also lenited (a form of dissimilation) before plosives in some words.</ref> interj. ага, ого<ref name="g2"/>
j есть; юла; я; толстый <ref>The "soft" vowel letters <е> <ю> and <я> represent a /j/ plus a vowel when initial or following other vowels or a yer. When such vowels are unstressed, the /j/ may be deleted.</ref> yes, boy
k кость; книга; рука; бок kʲ кишки; короткий cool; cute
l луна; стула ; ствол[] lʲ лес; колено; мысль pill; least
m мыло; думать; там mʲ мясо; доме moot; mute
n нос; он nʲ нёс; они; корень noon; newt (for some dialects)
p пыль; стопа; скрип; зуб<ref name="devoice">Voiced obstruents (/b/, /bʲ/, /d/, /dʲ/ /ɡ/, /v/, /vʲ/, /z/, /zʲ/, /ʐ/, and /ʑʑ/) are devoiced word-finally unless the next word begins with a voiced obstruent [] pʲ пепел; зыбь[] pool; pew
r рыба; широкий; орла; жир rʲ река; четыре; три; зверь trilled r, like in Spanish
s собака; писать; нос; глаз[] sʲ синий; здесь; есть; грызть[] soup; super (for some dialects)
ʂ широкий; наш; хороший; муж;<ref name="devoice"/> что ɕ|showsymbol=ɕɕ щегол; считать; мужчина; вращать [] shop; fresh cheese, fish show
t тот; читаю; водка;<ref name="voice">In consonant clusters, the voicing or devoicing is determined by that of the final obstruent in the sequence [][] tʲ тереть; дитя; грудь[] tool; tune (for some dialects)
t͡s цель; птица; отец t͡ɕ чай; печень; течь tsunami, cats; chip
v ваш; давать; его<ref name="g">Intervocalic <г> can represent /v/ in certain words and affixes</ref> vʲ вести; человек voodoo; view
x ходить; ухо; Бог<ref name="g2"/> xʲ хина; лёгкий<ref name="voice"/><ref name="g2"/> bach; huge (for some dialects).</ref>
z заезжать; язык zʲ зелёный; озеро; просьба;<ref name="voice"/> zoo; azure (for some dialects)
ʐ жест; тяжёлый ʑ|showsymbol=ʑʑ дрожжи; заезжать[] rouge; asia
IPA Examples English equivalent
Stressed vowels
a трава́ ton
æ пять pat
ɑ па́лка [] palm
e пень pay
ɛ жест met
i си́него meet
ɨ ты roses (for some dialects)
o о́блако chore
ɵ тётя audio
u пу́ля moon
ʉ чуть choose
Unstressed vowels
ɐ паро́м; сообража́ть; стопа́ bud
ə ко́жа; ше́я; облако about
ɪ тяжёлый; эта́п; четы́ре bit
ɨ дыша́ть; жена́; го́ды dinner
ʉ юти́ться youth
ʊ мужчи́на put
Other symbols used in transcription of Russian pronunciation
IPA Explanation
ˈ Stress (placed before the stressed syllable),
for example этап [ɪˈtap]

Notes

See also

References

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