Codex Basilensis A. N. IV. 2

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Luke 1:1-2 in Coddex Basiliensis
Luke 1:1-2 in Coddex Basiliensis

Codex Basilensis A. N. IV. 2 Minuscule 1 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), δ 254 (von Soden);[1] formerly it was designated by 1eap (to distinguish it from minuscule 1rK, which previously used number 1). It is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, usually dated paleographically to the 12th century.

The codex was prepared for liturgical use. It has survived in almost complete condition. The text of the manuscript has been cited in all critical editions of the Greek New Testament.

The codex is located now at the Basel University Library at Basel with the shelf number A. N. IV, 2 (earlier B. VI. 27).[2]

Contents

Description

The codex contains the entire New Testament except of Book of Revelation in the order: Gospels, Acts of the Apostles, General epistles, and Pauline epistles (Hebrews is the last book in Paul). The text is written in one column per page, 38 lines per page, on 297 parchment leaves (18.5 cm by 11.5 cm).[3] It was originally accompanied by beautiful miniatures which were stolen before 1860-1862, except one before Gospel of John which remains.[4]

The dimensions of the text 13.6 by 6.8 cm.[2] It was written on parchment continuously and without separation in "elegant and minute" minuscule, furnished with breathings (spiritus asper and spiritus lenis), and accents. The initial letters are gilt, and on the first page of each Gospel the full point is a large gilt ball.[4]

The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, with their the τιτλοι (titles) at the top of the pages. The text of the Gospels is also divided according to the smaller Ammonian Sections (in Matthew 352, in Mark 236 with last numbered section in 16:12, in Luke 340, in John 227), but a references to the Eusebian Canons are absent.[5]

It contains Prolegomena, synaxaria (list of Saints), lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical reading), and pictures (e. g. portrait of John the Evangelist and Prochorus). It has also other liturgical notes, αναγνωσεις (lessons), at the margin of the text of the Gospels, but they were added by a later hand. In Matthew – 116 αναγνωσεις, in Mark – 70, in Luke – 114, in John – 67.[5] Book of Acts and epistles have the Euthalian Apparatus.[5] Lectionary markings and αναγνωσεις were added by the second hand (in red). In the 15th century the later hand added Prolegomena.[6]

Text of the codex

Coddex Basiliensis, 12th Century manuscript of the New Testament
Coddex Basiliensis, 12th Century manuscript of the New Testament

The Greek text of the Gospels is a representative of the Caesarean text-type. Aland placed it in Category III. In rest of the books of the New Testament the text of this codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Aland placed it in Category V.[4] It belongs to the Family 1 together with manuscripts 118, 131, and 209.

Griesbach was the first who remarked its similarities to the text of Origen's commentary to Matthew.[7] According to Hort its text preceded the byzantine text-type.

In Matthew 27:16 it has famous textual variant "Ιησουν τον Βαραββαν". This variant contain Codex Koridethi, Minuscule 700, and other members of textual family f1.

History of the codex

Old University Basel
Old University Basel

Dated to the 12th century, because the frequent occurrence of enlarged letters, rounded breathing marks, flourishes, and ligatures would seem to eliminate earlier date.[2] The manuscript was presented to the monastery of the Preaching Friars by Cardinal Ragusio (1380-1443), general of Dominicans.[4] It borrowed by Reuchlin and used by Desiderius Erasmus in the first edition of his Novum Testamentum (1516). In result some of its readings came to Textus Receptus. Erasmus used this codex very little, because its text was different from other manuscripts with which he was acquainted. Oecolampadius and Gerbelius, Erasmus's subeditors, insisted to him for using more readings from this codex in the third edition, but according to Erasmus the text of this codex was altered from the Latin manuscripts, and had secondary value.[9] Since 1559 it was held in the University of Basel.[4] Its later story is the same as that of Codex Basilensis and Minuscule 2.

Bengel made a few extracts from the codex. Wettstein was the first who thoroughly examined this codex. According to him in the Gospels its text agrees with the most ancient codices and patristic quotations.[10] In 1751 he changed his high opinion (Novum Testamentum Græcum). Wettstein dated codex to the 10th century. Wettstein collated this manuscript twice, but with many errors. According to Tregelles his collation was incorrect in more than 1200 readings. Hug supported last opinion of Wettstein that codex was latinizated.[11] Tregelles, and Roth collated this manuscript again. Tregelles noticed that this codex is similar to minuscule 118. Dean Burgon noticed that also codices 131 and 209 are similar. All this group was examined by Kirsopp Lake in 1902.[12] It was named "the Lake Group", or Family 1.

F. H. A. Scrivener (1813-1891) showed, that at least 22 verses of Erasmian text came from minuscule 1:

Matthew 22:28; 23:25; 27:52; 28:3-4; 19:20;
Mark 7:18, 19, 26; 10:1; 12:22; 15:46;
Luke 1:16, 61; 2:43; 9:1, 15; 11:49;
John 1:28; 10:8; 13:20.[13]

See also

References

  • 1. K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 1994, p. 47.
  • 2. Amy S. Anderson, The Textual tradition of the Gospels: Family 1 in Matthew, Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2004, p. 108.
  • 3. Scrivener, Frederick Henry Ambrose, A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament, 1894, London, p. 190-191
  • 4. C. R. Gregory, "Textkritik des Neuen Testaments", Leipzig 1900, vol. 1, p. 127.
  • 5. Kurt Aland, Barbara Aland, "The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism", transl. Erroll F. Rhodes, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1995, p. 129.
  • 6. Bruce M. Metzger, Bart D. Ehrman, "The Text Of The New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration", Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. 86-87.
  • 7. Griesbach, Symbolae criticae ad supplendas et corrigendas variarum N. T. lectionum collectiones (Halle, 1785, 1793), 1, S. CCII-CCXXIII.
  • 8. Kirsopp Lake, Codex 1 of the Gospels and its Allies, Texts and Studies, volume vii, Cambridge, 1902, p. XXIV.
  • 9. S. P. Tregelles, An Introduction to the Critical study and Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures, London 1856, p. 208.
  • 10. J.J. Wettstein, Prolegomena ad Novi Testamenti Graeci, 1730, p. 57.
  • 11. John Leonard Hug, Writings of the New Testament, translated by Daniel Guildford Wait (London 1827), p. 165.
  • 12. Kirsopp Lake, Codex 1 of the Gospels and its Allies, Texts and Studies, volume vii, Cambridge, 1902, collates 1 with 118, 131, and 209.
  • 13. F. H. A. Scrivener, A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament, London 1894, vol. 2, pp. 183-184.

Further reading

  • Henri Omont, Catalogue des mss grecs des bibliotheques de Suisse, Leipzig 1886.
  • Kirsopp Lake, Codex 1 of the Gospels and its Allies, Text and Studies VII 3, Cambridge 1902.

External links

List of New Testament minuscules

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