Textual criticism
From Textus Receptus
Textual criticism (or lower criticism) is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts. Ancient scribes made errors or alterations when copying manuscripts by hand.[1] Given a manuscript copy, several or many copies, but not the original document, the textual critic seeks to reconstruct the original text (the archetype or autograph) as closely as possible. The same processes can be used to attempt to reconstruct intermediate editions, or recensions, of a document's transcription history.[2] The ultimate objective of the textual critic's work is the production of a "critical edition" containing a text most closely approximating the original.
There are three fundamental approaches to textual criticism: eclecticism, stemmatics, and copy-text editing. Techniques from the biological discipline of cladistics are currently also being used to determine the relationships between manuscripts.
The phrase lower criticism is used to describe the contrast between textual criticism and "higher" criticism, which is the endeavor to establish the authorship, date, and place of composition of the original text.
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See also
Topics
- Authority (textual criticism)
- A Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture
- Biblical glosses
- Categories of New Testament manuscripts
- Biblical manuscript
- Bible version debate
- Comma Johanneum
- Hermeneutics
- John 21
- List of omitted Bible verses
- Mark 16
- Palaeography
- Pericope Adulteræ
- Source criticism
- Wiseman hypothesis
- List of Bible verses not included in modern translations
- Modern English Bible translations
- Textus Receptus
- Dean Burgon Society
- Biblical manuscripts
Critical editions
- Hebrew Bible
- Septuaginta - Rahlf's 2nd edition
- Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia - 4th edition
- New Testament
- Editio octava critica maior - Tischendorf edition
- The Greek New Testament According to the Majority Text - Hodges & Farstad edition
- The New Testament in the Original Greek - Westcott & Hort edition
- Novum Testamentum Graece Nestle-Aland 27 edition (NA 27)
- United Bible Society's Greek New Testament (UBS4)
- Novum Testamentum Graece et Latine - Merk edition
- Editio Critica Maior - German Bible Society edition
- Critical Translations
- The Comprehensive New Testament - standardardized Nestle-Aland 27 edition[76]
- The Dead Sea Scrolls Bible -- with textual mapping to Masoretic, Dead Sea Scrolls, and Septuagint variants
Lists
- List of New Testament papyri
- List of New Testament uncials
- List of manuscripts
- List of Biblical commentaries
- Textual variants in the New Testament
