Ephesians 2:1

From Textus Receptus

Ephesians 2:1 And you hath he quickened, who were dead in trespasses and sins;

The italicized words in Ephesians 2:1 are from Ephesians 2:5.

In the Greek, "And you" and "hath he quickened" are separated by all the words below that are in the parentheses.

"και υμας (οντας νεκρους τοις παραπτωμασιν και ταις αμαρτιαις εν αις ποτε περιεπατησατε κατα τον αιωνα του κοσμου τουτου κατα τον αρχοντα της εξουσιας του αερος του πνευματος του νυν ενεργουντος εν τοις υιοις της απειθειας εν οις και ημεις παντες ανεστραφημεν ποτε εν ταις επιθυμιαις της σαρκος ημων ποιουντες τα θεληματα της σαρκος και των διανοιων και ημεν τεκνα φυσει οργης ως και οι λοιποι ο δε θεος πλουσιος ων εν ελεει δια την πολλην αγαπην αυτου ην ηγαπησεν ημας και οντας ημας νεκρους τοις παραπτωμασιν) συνεζωοποιησεν"

Since the object (you) and the verb (quickened) are separated by so many words, the connection could be lost in English. That is why the verb in 2:5 is supplied in italics in 2:1. The words in italics in verse 1 are there only to help you understand the meaning of the passage that is fully revealed in verse 5.

Other "literal" translations such as NASB and ESV do not have "hath he quickened" in 2:1 and translate υμας οντας νεκρους as "you were dead," but this is not literal. οντας is a participle, so a phrase with it as the verb is only a dependent clause. So verse 2:1 is literally, "And you, who were dead in trespasses and sins..." or "And you, being dead in trespasses and sins...." The Young's Literal Translation and Jay P. Green's translation translate 2:1 literally with the participle and the dependent clause. The independent clause comes all the way later in verse 5, with the verb "hath he quickened." So in this entire passage the main verb is "hath he quickened." "You were dead..." is subordinate to the message that we have been quickened.