List of Greek and Latin roots in English
From Textus Receptus
The following is an alphabetical list of Greek and Latin roots, stems, suffixes, and prefixes commonly used in English.
Those used in medicine and medical terminology are not listed here but instead in Wikipedia's List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes.
Contents[hide] |
A
Root | In English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) |
English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
ab-, a-, abs- | away | Latin | ab "away" | abnormal, abrasion, absent, abstract, aversion |
ac-, acu- | sharp or pointed | Latin | acutus past participle of acuere "to sharpen", from acus "needle" | acid, acupuncture, acute |
acri- | sharp, pungent, bitter | Latin | acer | acrid, acrimony |
acro- | height, summit, tip | Greek | Greek ἄκρος ákros "high", "extreme" | acrobatics, acromegalia, acronym, acrophobia, |
ad-, a-, ac-, af-, ag-, al-, ap-, ar-, as-, at- | movement to or toward; in addition to | Latin | ad "to", "toward" | adapt, affect, ascend, accept |
adip- | fat | Latin | adeps, adipis "fat" | adipose |
aer-, aero- | air, atmosphere | Greek | ἀήρ (aer) "air" | aeronautics, aerosol |
aesthet | feeling, sensation | Greek | aisthētikos "of sense perception" from αἰσθάνεσθαι aisthanesthai "to perceive" | aesthetics |
agri- | field | Latin | ager "field, country" | agriculture |
agro- | field | Greek | from Greek ἀγρός agros "field" | agronomy |
am-, amat-, amor- | love, loved | Latin | amor "love" from amāre "to love" | amateur, amorous |
ambi- | both, on both sides | Latin | ambi "on both sides" | ambidexterity |
amic-, -imic- | friend | Latin | amicus | amicable, inimical |
amphi- | around, about, both, on both sides of, both kinds | Greek | ἀμφί amphi "on both sides" | amphibian, amphibolic |
ampl- | ample | Latin | amplus | amplification |
an-, a- | not, without | Greek | Greek ἀν-/ἀ- "not" | anhydrous, atypical |
ana-, an- | again, against, back, up | Greek | from Greek prefix ἀνά ana- "again", "against" | anabaptist, anaphylaxis, anode |
anima- | breath | Latin | anima "breath" | animal, animation |
ann-, -enn- | year, yearly | Latin | annus "year" | anniversary, annual, biannual, millennium |
ant-, anti- | against, opposed to, preventive | Greek | ἀντί anti "against" | antibiotic, antipodes |
ante-, anti- | before, in front of, prior to | Latin | ante "before", "against" | antediluvian, antebellum, anticipate |
anth-, antho- | flower | Greek | ἄνθος anthos "flower" | anther, anthology |
anthropo- | human | Greek | ἄνθρωπος anthropos "man" | anthropology, anthropomorphic |
apo- | away from, separate, at the farthest point | Greek | ἀπό apo "from, away, un-, quite" | apogee, apostasy |
aqu- | water | Latin | aqua | aquamarine, aquarium, aqueduct |
ar- | plow, till | Latin | arāre | arable |
ar- | be dry | Latin | ārēre "be dry or parched" | arid |
arche-, archi- | ruler | Greek | ἀρχή arche "rule" (in compounds: ἀρχε-, ἀρχι-) | archangel, archetype |
archaeo-, archeo- | ancient | Greek | ἀρχαῖος arkhaios "ancient" from arkhē "beginning" | archaeology or archeology, archaic |
arct-, arcto- | Relating to the North Pole or the region near it; relating to cold; used as the scientific name of some bear species, e.g. Ursus arctos horribilis | Greek | ἄρκτος arktos "bear" | Arctic Ocean |
argent- | silver | Latin | argentum "silver" | argent, Argentina |
arist-, aristo- | excellence | Greek | ἀρετή, ἄριστος arete, aristos | Aristocracy |
arthr-, arthro- | joint | Greek | ἄρθρον arthron "joint" | arthritis, arthropod |
astr-, astro- | star, star-shaped | Greek | ἄστρον astron "star" | asterisk, astrology, astronomy, disaster |
athl- | prize | Greek | ἄθλος athlos "contest, feat" | athlete |
aud-, audi- | hearing, listening, sound | Latin | audire "to hear" | auditorium, auditory |
aug-, auct- | grow, increase | Latin | augēre "to increase" | augmentation |
aur- | relating to gold, or gold-colored | Latin | aurum "gold" | aureole |
auri- | relating to the ear | Latin | auris "ear" | auricle |
aut- , auto- | self; directed from within | Greek | αὐτός (autos) "self", "same" | automobile, autonomy |
avi- | bird | Latin | avis "bird" | aviary, aviation |
axi- | axis | Latin | axis "axis" | axisymmetry |
axio- | merit | Greek | ἄξιος (axios) "worth" | axiology |
B
Root | Meaning In English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
bac- | rod-shaped | Latin | from baculum "rod" | bacilla, bacteria |
baro- | weight, pressure | Greek | βάρος (baros) | barometer, barograph, baroreceptor |
basi- | at the bottom | Greek | from βαίνω, I walk, march, βάσις "step" | basic, basis |
bathy-, batho- | deep, depth | Greek | βαθύς (bathús, bathýs) "deep" | batholith, bathyscaphe |
be-, beat- | bless | Latin | beare, beatus | beatification |
bell(i)- | war | Latin | bellum, belli | antebellum, bellicose, belligerent |
ben- | good, well | Latin | bene (adverb) | benefit, benignity |
bi- | two | Latin | bis, "twice"; bini, "in twos" | binoculars, bigamy, biscotti |
bib- | drink | Latin | bibere, bibitus | imbibe |
bibl- | book | Greek | βιβλίον (biblíon) "book" | bibliography, bible |
bi(o)- | life | Greek | βίος (bíos) "life" | biology, biologist, biosphere |
blenn(o)- | slime | Greek | βλέννος (blennos) | blennophobia, blennosperma |
blast- | germ, embryo, bud, cell with nucleus | Greek | βλασταίνω, "I put forth shoots" | sideroblast, fibroblast, osteoblast, blastula |
bon(i)- | good | Latin | bonus | bonify, bonitary |
bor- | north | Greek / Latin (boreas) | Greek βορρᾶς (borras) "the north wind" | borealis |
botan- | plant | Greek | βοτάνη, βότανον (botanē, botanon) | botany |
bov- | cow, ox | Latin | bos, bovis | bovine |
brachi(o)- | arm | Greek | βραχίων (brakhíōn) "arm" | brachial artery, brachiosaurus |
brachy- | short | Greek | βραχύς (brakhús, brakhýs) "short" | brachydactyly |
brady- | slow | Greek | βραδύς (bradús, bradýs) | bradycardia |
branch- | gill | Greek | βράγχιον (brágkhion, bránkhion) "gill" | branchiopod, nudibranch |
brev(i)- | brief, short (time) | Latin | brevis, breviare | abbreviation, brevity |
briz- | nod | Greek | βρίζω (brizō) | |
brom- | oats | Greek | βρόμος, βρόμη (brómos, bróme) "oats" | Bromus ramosus |
brom- | oats | Greek | βρόμος (brómos) "stench, clangor" | bromide |
bronch- | windpipe | Greek | βρόγχος (brógkhos, brónkhos) | bronchitis, bronchus, bronchiole |
bront- | thunder | Greek | βροντή (brontē) | Brontosaurus |
bucc- | cheek, mouth, cavity | Latin | bucca | buccal, buccinator muscle |
bulb- | bulbous | Latin | bulbus | bulbous, bulbule |
bull- | bubble, flask | Latin | bulla, "bubble" | ebullient, ebullism |
burs- | pouch, purse | Latin | bursa | bursar, bursary, disburse, bursa |
C
Root | Meaning In English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
cac(o)- | bad | Greek | κακός (kakos) | cacophony |
cad-, -cid-, cas- | fall | Latin | cadere, casus | accident, cadence, case |
caed-, -cid-, caes-, -cis- | cut | Latin | caedere, caesus | caesura, incisor, caesarean |
calc- | stone | Latin and Greek | from Latin calx "lime", and from Greek χάλιξ (khalix) "pebble" "limestone" | calculus, calcite, calcium |
calli- | beautiful | Greek | from Greek κάλλος kallos "beauty" | calligraphy |
calor- | heat | Latin | calor "heat" | calorie |
calyp- | cover | Greek | καλύπτειν (kaluptein) | apocalypse |
camer- | vault | Latin | camera | bicameral, camera |
camp- | field | Latin | campus "field", "level ground" | champion, campaign |
can(i)- | dog | Latin | canis "dog" | canine, Canis Major |
can-, -cin-, cant- | sing | Latin | canere "sing" | cantata, canto, cantor |
cand- | glowing, iridescent | Latin | candere "to be white or glisten" | candid, incandescent, candle, candela |
cap-, -cip-, capt-, -cept- | hold, take | Latin | capere, captus "take or hold" (note the vowel change from a to i in compounds) | capture, captive, conception, recipient |
capit-, -cipit- | head | Latin | caput, capitis "head" | capital, decapitation, precipitation |
capr- | goat | Latin | caper, capri | Capricorn, caprine |
caps- | box, case | Latin | capsa | capsule |
carbo- | coal | Latin | carbo, carbonis | carbon |
carcer- | jail | Latin | carcer, carcerare | incarceration |
carcin- | cancer (disease) | Latin from Greek | Latin from Greek καρκίνος (karkinos) "crab" | carcinoma, carcinogenic |
cardi(o)- | relating to the heart | Greek | καρδιά kardia "heart" | cardiology, cardiograph |
cardin- | hinge | Latin | cardo, cardinis | cardinal |
carn- | flesh | Latin | caro, carnis | carnival, carnivore |
carp(o)- | relating to fruit | Greek | from Greek καρπός (karpos) "fruit" | carpology, carpals |
carp- | relating to the wrist | Greek | from Greek καρπός (karpos) "wrist" | carpal, carpal tunnel syndrome |
cata- | down | Greek | κατά kata "down" | catastrophe, catatonia, catabolic |
caten- | chain | Latin | catena | concatenation |
cathar- | pure | Greek | καθαρός (katharos) | catharsis |
caud- | tail | Latin | cauda | caudal |
cav- | hollow | Latin | cavus "hollow" | cave, cavity, excavation |
ced-, cess- | go | Latin | cedere, cessus | procession, recede |
celer- | quick | Latin | celer, celerare | acceleration, celerity |
cen(o)- | new | Greek | καινός (kainos) | Cenozoic |
cen(o)- | empty | Greek | κενός (kenos) | cenotaph |
cens- | Latin | censere "to estimate" | census | |
cent- | hundred | Latin | centum | cent, centennial, centurion |
centen- | hundred each | Latin | centeni | centenary |
centesim- | hundredth | Latin | centesimus | centesimal, centesimation |
centr- | center | Greek | κέντρον (kéntron) "needle", "spur" | eccentric |
cephalo- | head | Greek | κεφαλή kephale "head" | cephalopod, encephalogram, cephalic |
ceram- | clay | Greek | κέραμος (keramos) | ceramic |
cerat- | horn | Greek | κέρας, κέρατος (keras, keratos) "horn" | keratin |
cern- | sift | Latin | cernere | discern |
cervic- | relating to the neck, relating to the cervix | Latin | cervix, cervicis "neck" | cervix, cervical |
ceter- | other | Latin | ceterus | et cetera |
chiro- | of the hand or hands | Greek | χείρ kheir "hand" | chiroptera, chiropractic, chiral |
chelono- | relating to a turtle | Greek | χελώνη khelone "tortoise" | chelonia |
chloro- | green | Greek | from Greek χλωρός khlōros "green" | chlorine, chlorophyll, chloroplast |
choreo- | relating to dance | Greek | from Greek χορεία khoreia "dancing in unison" from χορός khoros "chorus" | choreography |
chord- | cord | Latin and Greek | chorda "rope" from χορδή (chordē) | chordata |
chrom- | color | Greek | χρῶμα chrōma "color" | chromosome, chromium |
chryso- | gold | Greek | χρυσός khrusos "gold" | chrysolite |
cili- | eyelash | Latin | cilium | cilia |
cine- | motion | Greek | κινέω (kineo) | cinema |
ciner- | ash | Latin | cinis, cineris | incineration |
cing-, cinct- | gird | Latin | cingere, cinctus | succinct |
circ- | circle | Latin | circus | circus |
circum- | around | Latin | circum "around" | circumference, circumcise |
cirr- | orange | Greek | κιρρός (kirros) | cirrhosis |
cirr- | curl, tentacle | Latin | cirrus | cirrus |
civ- | citizen | Latin | civis | civility |
clad- | branch | Greek | κλάδος (klados) | clade |
clar- | clear | Latin | clarus, clarare | clarity, declaration |
clast- | broken | Greek | κλαστός (klastos) | iconoclast, osteoclast |
claud-, -clud-, claus-, -clus- | close | Latin | claudere, clausus | clause, exclusion, include |
clav- | key | Greek | from Greek κλείς kleis "key" from κλείειν, kleiein "to close" | conclave, clavicle |
cl(e)ist- | closed | Greek | κλειστός kleistos | |
cleithr- | bar, key | Greek | ||
clement- | mild | Latin | clemens, clementis | clemency, inclement |
clin- | bed, lean, recline | Latin | -clinare | declination, inclined |
cochl- | shell | Greek | κόχλος (kochlos) | cochlea |
coel- | hollow | Greek | κοῖλος (koilos) | spongocoel, coelom, blastocoel |
cogn- | know | Latin | cognoscere | cognitive, cognizant, recognize |
col- | strain | Latin | colare, colum | colander |
coll- | hill | Latin | collis | |
coll- | neck | Latin | collum | collar |
color- | color | Latin | color | coloration |
con-, co-, col-, com-, cor- | with, together | Latin | cum | connect, collide, compress |
condi- | season | Latin | condire | condiment |
con(o)- | cone | Greek | κῶνος (konos) | conic, conical |
contra- | against | Latin | contra | contrast, contradict ("say against") |
copro- | dung | Greek | κόπρος (kopros) | coprolite, coprophagia, coprophilia |
corac- | raven | Greek | κόραξ, κόρακος (korax, korakos) | coracoid |
cord- | heart | Latin | cor, cordis | accord, cordial |
corn- | horn | Latin | cornu | cornea, cornucopia, unicorn, cornified |
coron- | crown | Latin | corona, coronare | corona, coronation |
corpor- | body | Latin | corpus, corporis | corporation, corpse, corpuscle |
cortic- | bark | Latin | cortex, corticis | corticosteriod |
cosm(o)-' | universe | Greek | κόσμος (kosmos) | cosmonaut |
cosmet(o)- | Greek | κοσμετ (kosmet-) | cosmetics, cosmetology | |
cost- | rib | Latin | costa | costal |
cotyl- | cup | Greek | κοτύλη (kotulē) | cotyledon |
crani- | skull | Greek | κρανίον (kranion) | cranium |
crass- | thick | Latin | crassus | crassitude |
cre- | make | Latin | creare, creatus | creation, creature |
cred- | believe, trust | Latin | credere, creditus | credibility, credentials |
crep- | boot, shoe | Greek | κρηπίς, κρηπίδος (krēpis, krēpidos) | |
cribr- | sieve | Latin | cribrum, cribrare | cribble, cribrate |
ring | Greek | κρίκος (krikos) | ||
cris-, crit- | judge | Greek | κρίσις (crisis) | crisis, critic |
crisp- | curled | Latin | crispus | crispate |
crist- | crest | Latin | crista | cristate |
cross(o)- | fringe, tassel | Greek | κροσσός (krossos) | |
cruc(i)- | cross | Latin | crux, crucis | crucial, crucifix, crucify, excruciating |
crur(i)- | leg, shank | Latin | crus, cruris | crural |
crypt- | hidden | Greek | κρυπτός (kruptos) | cryptic, cryptography |
cten(o)- | comb | Greek | κτείς, κτενός (kteis, ktenos) | ctenophore |
cub- | cube | Greek | κύβος (kubos) | cubic, cuboid |
cub- | lie | Latin | cubare | incubation, succuba |
culin- | kitchen | Latin | culina | culinary |
culp- | blame, fault | Latin | culpa | culpable, exculpate |
cune- | wedge | Latin | cuneus | cuneiform |
curr-, curs- | run | Latin | currere, cursus | concurrent, recursion, cursive, current |
curv- | bent | Latin | curvus | curvature |
cuspid- | lance, point | Latin | cuspis, cuspidis | bicuspid |
cut(i)- | skin | Latin | cutis | cuticle |
cyan- | blue | Greek | κυανός (kuanos) | cyanide |
cycl(o)- | circular | Greek | κύκλος (kuklos) | bicycle, cycle, cyclone |
cylind- | roll | Greek | κύλινδρος (kulindros) | cylinder |
cyn(o)- | dog | Greek | κύων, κυνός (kuōn, kunos) | cynosure |
cyst- | capsule | Greek | κύστις (kustis) | cystic |
cyt(o)- | cell | Greek | κύτος (kutos) | cytoplasm, cnidocyte |
D
Root | Meaning In English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
dactyl- | finger, toe, digit | Greek | δάκτυλος (daktulos) | dactylology, pterodactyl |
damn-, -demn- | to inflict loss upon | Latin | damnāre | condemn, damnation |
de- | from, away from, removing | Latin | dē | delete, demented |
deb- | owe | Latin | debere, debitus | debit |
deca-, dec-, deka-, dek- | ten | Greek | δέκα deka, ten | decagram, decahedron |
decim- | tenth part | Latin | decimus, tenth; from decem, ten | decimal, decimate |
delt- | Greek | δέλτα (delta) | deltoid | |
dem-, demo- | people | Greek | δῆμος (dēmos) | demagogue, democracy |
den- | ten each | Latin | deni | denarius, denary |
dendr-, dendro- | resembling a tree | Greek | δένδρον (dendron): akin to δρύς, drys, "tree" | dendrite |
dens- | thick | Latin | densus | condense, density |
dent- | tooth | Latin | dens, dentis | dental, dentures |
derm- | skin | Greek | δέρμα (derma) | dermis, epidermis, hypodermic |
deuter- | second | Greek | δεύτερος (deuteros) | Deuteronomy, deuterostome |
dexter- | right | Latin | dexter | dexterity |
dextro- | right | Greek | δεξ-, right | dextrose |
di- | two | Greek | δι | dicot, dipole |
dia- | apart, through | Greek | διά (dia) | dialysis, diameter |
dict- | say, speak | Latin | dicere, dictus | contradict, dictation, dictionary, edict, predict |
digit- | finger | Latin | digitus | digital |
dino- | terrible, fearfully great | Greek | δεινός (deinos) | dinosaur |
dipl- | double; twofold | Greek | διπλός (diplos) | diploid, diplosis |
doc-, doct- | teach | Latin | docere, doctus | docile, doctor |
dodec- | twelve | Greek | δώδεκα (dodeka) | dodecasyllabic |
dog-, dox- | opinion, teaching | Greek | δόξα | dogmatic |
dom- | house | Latin | domus | dome |
dorm- | sleep | Latin | dormire | dormant, dormitory |
dors- | back | Latin | dorsum | dorsal |
du- | two | Latin | duo | dual |
dub- | doubtful | Latin | dubius | dubious |
duc-, duct- | lead | Latin | dux, ducis | abduction, conductor, introduction, production, reduction, deduction |
dulc- | sweet | Latin | dulcis | |
dur- | hard | Latin | durus | durable, duration, duress, endure, obdurate |
dy- | two | Greek | δυο (duo) | dyad |
dynam- | power | Greek | δύναμη (dunamē) | dynamism, dynasty |
dys- | badly, ill | Greek | δυσ- | dysentery, dysplasia, dystrophy |
E
Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
ec- | out | Greek | ἐκ (ek) | eccentric |
eco- | house | Greek | οἶκος (oikos) | ecology, economics, ecumenism |
ecto- | outside | Greek | ἐκτός (ektos) | ectoderm |
ed-, es- | eat | Latin | edere, esus | edible |
ego- | self, I (first person) | Latin, Greek | ego, ἐγώ | egocentric |
ego-, eg- | goat | Greek | αἴξ (aix) | egophony |
em-, empt- | buy | Latin | emere, emptus | exemption, redeem |
eme- | vomit | Greek | ἔμετος (emetos) | emetic |
emul- | striving to equal, rivaling | Latin | aemulus, aemulare | emulation |
en-, em- | in | Greek | ἐν (en) | emphasis |
endo- | inside | Greek | ἔνδον (endon) | endocrine |
engy- | narrow | Greek | ἐγγύς (engys) | |
ennea- | nine | Greek | ἐννέα (ennea) | ennead, enneagon |
ens- | sword | Latin | ensis | |
eo-, eos-, eoso- | dawn, east | Greek | Ἠώς/Ἕως | Eocene |
epi-, ep- | upon | Greek | ἐπί (epi) | epicenter, epoch |
epistem- | knowledge or science | Greek | ἐπιστήμη (epistēmē) | epistemic |
equ-, -iqu- | even, level | Latin | aequus | equal, |
equ- | horse | Latin | equus | Equestrian |
erg- | work | Greek | έργον (ergon) | ergonomics |
err- | stray | Latin | errare | aberration, errant |
erythr(o)- | red | Greek | ἐρυθρός (eruthros) | erythrocyte |
eso- | within | Greek | ἔσω (esō) | esoteric |
etho-, eth-, ethi- | custom, habit | Greek | ἦθος (ēthos) | ethology |
ethm- | sieve | Greek | ἠθμός (hethmos); ἤθειν (hethein) | ethmoid |
ethn- | people, race, tribe, nation | Greek | ἔθνος (ethnos) | ethnic, ethnarch |
etym(o)- | true | Greek | ἔτυμος (etumos) | etymology |
eu- | well | Greek | εὖ (eu) | euphoria |
eur- | wide | Greek | εὐρύς (eurus) | Europe |
ex-, e-, ef- | from, out of | Latin | ex | exclude, extrude, extend |
exo- | outside | Greek | ἔξω | exothermic |
exter-, extra- | outer | Latin | externus | exterior |
extrem- | outermost, utmost | Latin | extremus | extremity, extremophile |
F
Root | Meaning In English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
f-, fat- | say, speak | Latin | fari, fatus | fate, infant, preface |
fab- | bean | Latin | faba | faba bean |
fac-, -fic-, fact, -fect- | make | Latin | facere, factus | defect, factory, manufacture |
falc- | sickle | Latin | falx, falcis | falciform |
fall-, -fell-, fals- | deceive | Latin | fallere, falsus | falsity, infallibility |
fallac- | false | Latin | fallax, fallacis | fallacy |
famili- | a close attendant | Latin | famulus | familiarity |
fant- | to show | Greek | φαντάζω | fantasy |
fasc- | bundle | Latin | fascis | fasciculation |
fatu- | foolish, useless | Latin | fatuus | fatuous, infatuation |
feder- | treaty, agreement, contract, league, pact | Latin | foedus, foederis | confederation, federal |
fel- | cat | Latin | feles, felis | Felinae, feline |
felic- | happy, merry | Latin | felix, felicis | felicity |
fell- | suck | Latin | fellare | fellation |
femin- | women, female | Latin | femina | femininity |
femor- | thigh | Latin | femur, femoris | femoral |
fend-, fens- | prevent | Latin | fendere, -fensus | defend, offense |
fenestr- | window | Latin | fenestra | defenestration |
fer- | carry | Latin | ferre | reference, transfer |
feroc- | fierce | Latin | ferox, ferocis | ferocity |
ferr- | iron | Latin | ferrum | ferrous |
fet- | stink | Latin | fetere | fetid, fetor |
fic- | fig | Latin | ficus | Ficus |
fid-, fis- | faith, trust | Latin | fides, fidere, fisus | confidence, fidelity |
fil- | thread | Latin | filum | filament |
fili- | son | Latin | filius | affiliation |
fin- | end | Latin | finis | finish, final |
find-, fiss- | split | Latin | findere, fissus | fission |
firm- | fix, settle | Latin | firmus, firmare | confirmation, firmament |
fistul- | hollow, tube | Latin | fistula | |
fl- | blow | Latin | flare, flatus | flatulence, inflation |
flacc- | flabby | Latin | flaccus, flaccere | flaccid |
flav- | yellow | Latin | flavus | flavonoid |
flect-, flex- | bend | Latin | flectere, flexus | flexor, inflection |
flig-, flict- | strike | Latin | fligere, flictus | conflict, inflict |
flor- | flower | Latin | flos, floris | floral, florid |
flu-, flux- | flow | Latin | fluere, fluxus | effluent, fluency, influx |
foc- | hearth | Latin | focus | focal |
fod-, foss- | dig | Latin | fodere, fossus | fossil |
foen- | hay | Latin | faenum | |
foli- | leaf | Latin | folium | defoliant |
font- | spring | Latin | fons, fontis | |
for- | bore | Latin | forare, foratus | perforation |
form- | shape | Latin | forma | conformity, deformity, formation |
fornic- | vault | Latin | fornix, fornicis | fornication |
fort- | strong | Latin | fortis | fortification |
fove- | shallow round depression | Latin | fovea | fovea |
frang-, -fring-, fract-, frag- | break | Latin | frangere, fractus | fracture, fragment, frangible, infringe |
frater-, fratr- | brother | Latin | frater | fraternity |
fric-, frict- | rub | Latin | fricare, frictus | dentifrice, friction |
frig- | cold | Latin | frigere | frigid, frigorific |
front- | forehead | Latin | frons, frontis | confront, frontal |
fruct-, frug- | fruit | Latin | frux, fructis | fructose |
fug-, fugit- | flee | Latin | fugere | centrifuge, fugitive, refuge |
fum- | smoke | Latin | fumus | fume, fumigation |
fund- | bottom | Latin | fundus, fundare | fundamentalism, profundity |
fund-, fus- | pour | Latin | fundere, fusus | effusion, profusion |
fung-, funct- | do | Latin | fungi, functus | function, fungibility |
fur-, furt- | steal | Latin | fur, furare | furtive |
furc- | fork | Latin | furca | bifurcation |
fusc- | dark | Latin | fuscus | obfuscation |
G
Root | Meaning in English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
galact- | milk | Greek | γάλα, γαλακτός (gala, galaktos) | galactic |
gastr- | stomach | Greek | γαστήρ (gaster) | gastric, gastroenterologist |
ge(o)- | earth | Greek | γη (gē), γεω- (geō) | geology |
gel- | icy cold | Latin | gelum | gelid |
gen- | race, kind | Greek | γένος | genocide |
ger-, gest- | bear, carry | Latin | gerere, gestus | digest, gestation |
germin- | sprout | Latin | germen, germinis | germination |
glabr- | hairless | Latin | glaber | glabrous |
glaci- | ice | Latin | glacies | glacier |
gladi- | sword | Latin | gladius | gladiator |
glia- | glue | Greek | glia | glial |
glob- | sphere | Latin | globus | global, globule |
glori- | glory | Latin | gloria | glorify |
glutin- | glue | Latin | gluten, glutinis | agglutination |
grad-, -gred-, gress- | walk, step, go | Latin | gradus, gradere, gressus | grade, regress |
gramm- | letter | Greek | γραμμα (gramma) | grammatic |
gran- | grain | Latin | granum | granary, granule |
grand- | grand | Latin | grandis | grandiloquous |
graph- | draw, write | Greek | γραφή (graphē) | graphic, graphology |
grat- | thank, please | Latin | gratus | gratitude |
grav- | heavy | Latin | gravis | gravity |
greg- | flock | Latin | grex, gregis | gregarious, segregation |
gubern- | govern, pilot | Latin | gubernare | gubernatorial |
gust- | taste | Latin | gustus | gusto |
guttur- | throat | Latin | guttur | guttural |
gymn- | nude | Greek | γυμνός (gymnos) | gymnasium |
H
Root | Meaning in English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
hab-, -hib-, habit-, -hibit- | have | Latin | habere, habitus | habit, prohibition |
haem(o)- | blood | Greek | αἷμα (haima) | haemophilia |
hal(o)- | salt | Greek | ἅλς, άλας (hals, halos) | halogen |
hal-, -hel- | breathe | Latin | halare, halatus | anhelation, inhale |
hapl(o)- | simple, single | Greek | ἁπλοῦς (haplous) | haploid |
haur-, haust- | draw | Latin | haurire, haustus | exhaustion |
heli(o)- | sun | Greek | ἥλιος | helium, heliotrope |
hemi- | half | Greek | ἥμισυς (hemisus) | hemisphere |
hen- | one | Greek | ἕν (hen) | henad, hyphen |
hendec- | eleven | Greek | ἕνδεκα (hendeka) | hendecagon |
hept- | seven | Greek | επτά (hepta) | heptagon, heptathlon |
her-, hes- | cling | Latin | haerere, haesus | adhesive, coherent |
herb- | grass | Latin | herba | herbicide |
hered- | heir | Latin | heres, heredis | heredity |
herp- | creep | Greek | ἕρπω (herpo) | herpetology |
heter(o)- | different, other | Greek | ἕτερος (heteros) | heterodox |
heur- | find | Greek | εὑρίσκω | heuristic |
hex- | six | Greek | ἕξ (hex) | hexagon |
hibern- | wintry | Latin | hibernus | hibernation |
hiem- | winter | Latin | hiems | hiemal |
hipp(o)- | horse | Greek | ἵππος (hippos) | hippodrome |
hirsut- | hairy | Latin | hirtus, hirsutus | hirsute |
hispid- | bristly | Latin | hispidus | hispidity |
histri- | actor | Latin | histrionic | |
hod- | way | Greek | ὁδός (hodos) | cathode, hodometer, herpolhode |
hol(o)- | whole | Greek | ὅλος (holos) | holistic |
hom(o)- | same | Greek | ὁμός (homos) | homosexual |
homeo- | like | Greek | ὅμοιος (homoios) | homeostasis |
homin- | human | Latin | homo, hominis | hominid |
homal- | even, flat | Greek | ὁμαλός (homalos) | anomalous |
honor- | esteem | Latin | honos, honoris | honorable |
horm- | that which excites | Greek | ὁρμή (horme) | hormone |
hort(i)- | garden | Latin | hortus, horti | horticulture |
hospit- | host | Latin | hospes, hospitis | hospitality |
host- | enemy | Latin | hostis | hostile |
hum- | ground | Latin | humus, humare | exhumation, inhume |
hyal- | glass | Greek | ὕαλος (hualos) | hyaline, hyaloid |
hydr(o)- | water | Greek | ὕδωρ | hydrology, hydrologist, Hydrogen, Hydrate, dehydrate, Hydrophobia, hydroponic, hydraulic, Hydrolysis, hydrous, hydrophilic |
hygr- | wet | Greek | υγρός (hugros) | hygrometer |
hyo- | U-shaped | Greek | ὑοειδής | hyoid |
hyp(o)- | under | Greek | ὑπό (hupo) | hypothermia |
hyper- | above, over | Greek | ὑπέρ (huper) | |
hypn- | sleep | Greek | ὕπνος (hupnos) | hypnosis |
hyster- | later | Greek | ὕστερος (husteros) | hysteresis |
I
Root | Meaning In English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
ichth- | fish | Greek | ιχθύς (ichthus) | ichthyology |
icos- | twenty | Greek | είκοσι (eikosi) | icosagon, icosahedron |
id(o)- | shape | Greek | εἶδος (eidos) | idol |
ide(o)- | idea; thought | Greek | ιδέα (idea) | ideology, ideogram |
idi(o)- | personal | Greek | ἴδιος (idios) | idiom, idiosyncrasy, idiot |
ign- | fire | Latin | ignis | igneous, ignition |
in- (1), im- | in, on | Latin | in | invite, incur, intend |
in- (2), il-, im-, ir- | in, un- (negation) | Latin | in- | illicit, impossible, inimical, irrational |
infra- | under | Latin | infra | infrastructure |
insul- | island | Latin | insula | insular, insulation |
inter- | among, between | Latin | inter (preposition) – among, between | intermission, intercollegiate, intercourse |
intra- | within | Latin | intra | |
irasc-, irat- | be angry | Latin | irasci | irascible, irate |
is(o)- | equal, the same | Greek | ίσος (isos) | isomorphic, isometric, isoceles |
iter- | again | Latin | iterum, iterare | iteration |
itiner- | route, way | Latin | iter, itineris – march, journey | itinerary |
J
Root | Meaning In English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
jac- | lie | Latin | jacēre "to be thrown" | adjacent |
jac- (originally IAC), -ject- | cast, throw | Latin | iacio, iacere, ieci, iectus – "to throw" (and cognates thereof) | eject, interject, ejaculate, trajectory |
janu- | door | Latin | janua | janitor |
joc- | joke | Latin | jocus | jocularity |
jug- | yoke | Latin | jugare, jugum | conjugal, subjugate |
jung-, junct- | join | Latin | jungere, junctus | conjunction, juncture |
junior- | younger | Latin | junior | juniority |
jus-, jur-, judic- (originally IVS) | law, justice | Latin | ius, iuris; iudex, iudicis | justice, jury, judge |
juv-, jut- | help | Latin | juvare, jutus | adjutant |
juven- | young, youth | Latin | juvenis | juvenile, rejuvenate |
juxta- | beside, near | Latin | juxta | juxtaposition |
K
Root | Meaning In English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
kil(o)- | thousand | Greek | χίλιοι (chilioi) | kilogram, kilometer, kilobyte |
kine- | movement, motion | Greek | κινέω (kineo) | telekinesis, kinetic energy, kinesthetic |
klept- | steal | Greek | κλέπτης (kleptēs) | kleptomania |
kudo- | glory | Greek | κῦδος (kudos) | kudos |
L
Root | Meaning In English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
lab-, laps- | slide, slip | Latin | labi, lapsus | elapse, relapse |
labi- | lip | Latin | labia, labiae | bilabial, labial |
labor- | toil | Latin | labor | collaboration, elaboration |
lacer- | tear | Latin | lacer | laceration |
lacrim- | cry, tears | Latin | lacrima "tear" | lacrimal, lacrimous |
lact- | milk | Latin | lac, lactis, lactare | lactate, lactation, lactose |
lamin- | layer, slice | Latin | lamina | laminate, lamination |
lamp- | shine | Greek | λαμπάς lampas "torch" | lamp |
lapid- | stone | Latin | lapis, lapidis | lapidary |
larg- | large | Latin | largus | enlargement |
larv- | ghost, mask | Latin | larva | larva, larvae, larval |
lat(i)- | broad, wide | Latin | latus | latitude |
later- | side | Latin | latus, lateris | bilateral |
laud-, laus- | praise | Latin | laudere | laud |
lav- | wash | Latin | lavare | lavatory |
lax- | not tense | Latin | laxus, laxare | laxative, relaxation |
led-, les- | hurt | Latin | laedere, laesus | lesion |
leg- | law | Latin | lex, legis, legare | legal, legislative |
leio- | smooth | Greek | λείος leios | leiomyoma |
leni- | gentle | Latin | lenis, lenire | leniency |
leon- | lion | Latin | leo, leonis "lion" | Leo, leonine, Leopold |
lep- | flake, scale | Greek | λέπις lepis | Lepidoptera |
leps- | grasp, seize | Greek | λήψης lepsis | epilepsy |
leuc(o)-, leuk(o)- | white | Greek | λευκός leukos | leucocyte |
lev- | lift, light | Latin | levis "light" (in weight), levare | elevator, levitation |
liber- | free | Latin | liber, liberare | liberation |
libr- | book | Latin | liber, libri | library |
lig- | bind | Latin | ligare, ligatus | ligament, ligature |
lin- | line | Latin | linea | linearity, line |
lingu- | language, tongue | Latin | lingua | bilingual, linguistic |
linqu-, lict- | leave | Latin | linquere, lictus | relict, relinquish |
lip(o)- | fat | Greek | λίπος lipos | lipolysis |
liter- | letter | Latin | littera | alliteration, illiterate, literacy, literal, obliterate |
lith(o)- | stone | Greek | λίθος lithos "stone" | lithosphere, megalith, monolith, Neolithic Era |
loc- | place | Latin | locus | local, location |
log- | thought, word, speech | Greek | λόγος logos "word" | logic, monologue, morphological |
long- | long | Latin | longus | elongate, longitude |
loqu-, locut- | speak | Latin | loqui | allocution, eloquence |
luc- | bright, light | Latin | lux, lucis light | Lucifer (bearer of light) |
lud-, lus- | play | Latin | ludere, lusus | allude, illusion |
lumin- | light | Latin | lumen, luminis | illumination, luminous |
lun- | moon | Latin | luna | lunar, lunatic |
M
Root | Meaning In English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
macro- | long | Greek | μακρός (makros) | macron |
magn- | great, large | Latin | magnus | magnanimous, magnificent |
maj- | greater | Latin | major, majus | majesty, majority, majuscule |
mal- | bad, wretched, | Latin | malus | malfeasance, malicious, malignancy, malodorous |
mamm- | breast | Latin | mamma | mammal, mammary gland |
man- | flow | Latin | manare | emanationism, immanant |
man- | stay | Latin | manēre, mansus | immanence, permanent, remanence |
mand- | hand | Latin | mandāre, mandatus | mandate, remand |
mania | crazy | Greek | μανία | kleptomania, maniac |
manu- | hand | Latin | manus | manual, manuscript |
mar- | sea | Latin | mare, maris | marine, maritime |
mater-, matr- | mother | Latin | mater, matris | matriarch, matrix |
maxim- | greatest | Latin | maximus | maximal |
medi-, -midi- | middle | Latin | medius, mediare | median, medieval |
meg- | great, large | Greek | μέγας (megas) | megaphone |
mei- | less | Greek | μείον (meiōn) | meiosis |
melan- | black, dark | Greek | μέλας (melas) | Melanesia, melanoma |
melior- | better | Latin | melior | amelioration |
mell- | honey | Latin | mel, mellis | mellifluous |
memor- | remember | Latin | memor | memorial |
mening- | membrane | Greek | μενινξ (meninx) | meningitis |
men(o)- | moon | Greek | μήν (men) | menopause, menstruation |
ment- | mind | Latin | mens, mentis | demented, mentality |
mer- | part | Greek | μέρος (meros) | polymer |
merc- | reward, wages, hire | Latin | merx, mercis | mercantile, merchant |
merg-, mers- | dip, plunge | Latin | mergere | emerge, immersion |
mes- | middle | Greek | μέσος (mesos) | mesolithic, mesozoic |
meter-, metr- | measure | Greek | μέτρον (metron) | metric, thermometer |
meta- | above, among, beyond | Greek | μετά (meta) | metaphor, metaphysics |
mic- | grain | Latin | mica | micelle |
micr(o)- | small | Greek | μικρός (mikros) | microphone, microscope |
migr- | wander | Latin | migrare | emigrant, migrate |
milit- | soldier | Latin | miles, militis | military, militia |
mill- | thousand | Latin | mille | millennium, million |
millen- | thousand each | Latin | milleni | millenary |
mim- | repeat | Greek | μίμος (mimos) | mime, mimic |
min- | jut | Latin | minere | prominent |
min- | less, smaller | Latin | minor, minus | minority, minuscule |
mir- | wonder, amazement | Latin | miror, mirari, miratus sum | admire, miracle, mirror |
mis- | hate | Greek | μῖσος (misos) | misandry, misogyny |
misce-, mixt- | mix | Latin | miscere, mixtus | miscellaneous, mixture |
mit- | thread | Greek | μίτος (mitos) | mitochondrion |
mitt-, miss- | send | Latin | mittere, missus | intermittent, missionary, transmission |
mne- | memory | Greek | μνήμη (mnēmē) | mnemonic |
mol- | grind | Latin | mola, molere, molitus | molar |
moll- | soft | Latin | mollis | emollient, mollify |
mon(o)- | one | Greek | μόνος (monos) | monism, monolith, monotone |
monil- | string of beads | Latin | monile | Moniliformida |
mont- | mountain | Latin | mons, montis | Montana |
morph- | form, shape | Greek | μορφή (morphe) | anthropomorphism, morpheme, morphology |
mort- | death | Latin | mors, mortis | immortal, mortality, mortuary |
mov-, mot- | move, motion | Latin | movere, motus | mobile, momentum, motor, move |
mulg-, muls- | milk | Latin | mulgere | emulsion |
mult(i)- | many, much | Latin | multus | multiple, multiplex, multitude |
mur- | wall | Latin | murus, muri | immured, mural |
mus- | thief | Latin | mus, muris | mouse |
musc- | fly | Latin | musca, muscae | Muscicapidae, Muscidae |
mut- | change | Latin | mutare | mutation |
my- | mouse | Greek | Μυς (mus) | musophobia |
myri- | countless, ten thousand | Greek | μύριος (murios) | myriad |
myth- | story | Greek | μῦθος (muthos) | mythic, mythology |
myx- | slime | Greek | μύξα (muxa) | |
myz- | suck | Greek |
N
Root | Meaning in English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
nar- | nostril | Latin | naris | |
narc- | numb | Greek | νάρκη (narkē) | narcosis, narcotic |
narr- | tell | Latin | narrare | narrative |
nas- | nose | Latin | nasus | nasal |
nasc-, nat- | born | Latin | nascere, natus | nascent, native |
naut- | ship | Greek | (naus) | astronaut |
nav- | ship | Latin | navis | naval |
ne(o)- | new | Greek | νέος (neos) | neologism |
necr(o)- | dead | Greek | νεκρός (nekros) | necrophobia |
nect-, nex- | join, tie | Latin | nectere, nexus | connection |
necto-, nect- | swimming | Greek | νεκτος nektos | nectopod |
neg- | say no | Latin | negare | negative |
nema- | hair | Greek | νήμα | nematode |
nemor- | grove, woods | Latin | nemus, nemoris | nemoral |
nephr- | kidney | Greek | νεφρός (nephros) | nephritis |
nes- | island | Greek | νήσος (nesos) | Polynesia |
neur- | nerve | Greek | νευρών (neuron) | neurology, neurosurgeon |
nict- | wink | Latin | nictari | nictation |
nigr- | black | Latin | niger | denigrate |
nihil- | nothing | Latin | nihilum | annihilation |
noct- | night | Latin | nox, noctis | nocturnal, noctambulist |
nod- | knot | Latin | nodus | node, nodule |
nom- | arrangement, law | Greek | νόμος (nomos) | |
nomad- | those who let pasture herds | Greek | νομάς, νομάδος (nomas, nomados) | nomadic |
nomin- | name | Latin | nomen, nominis | nomination |
non- | not | Latin | non | none |
non- | ninth | Latin | nonus | nonary |
nonagen- | ninety each | Latin | nonageni | nonagenary |
nonagesim- | ninetieth | Latin | nonagesimus | nonagesimal |
not- | letter, note, paper | Latin | notare | notaphily |
noth- | spurious | |||
noto- | back, south | Greek | νότος (notos) | |
nov- | nine | Latin | novem | novennial |
nov- | new | Latin | novus | innovation, nova |
noven- | nine each | Latin | noveni | novenary |
novendec- | nineteen | Latin | novendecim | |
nox-, noc- | harmful | Latin | noxa | noxious |
nu- | nod | Latin | nuere | innuendo |
nub- | Latin | nubes, nubis | nubile | |
nuc- | nut | Latin | nux, nucis | nucleus |
nuch- | back of neck | Latin | nucha | nuchal cord |
nud- | naked | Latin | nudus | denude, nudity |
null(i)- | none | Latin | nullus | nullify |
numer- | number | Latin | numerus | numeral |
-nunci- | announce | Latin | nuntius | pronunciation |
nupti- | Latin | nuptial | ||
nutri- | nourish | Latin | nutrire | nutrient |
O
Root | Meaning in English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
ob-, o-, oc-, os- | against | Latin | ob | obstinate, ostentatious, obstreperous |
oct- | eight | Greek | ὀκτώ (oktō) | octagon, octahedron |
oct- | eight | Latin | octō | octangular, octennial, octovir |
octav- | eighth | Latin | octāvus | octaval |
octogen- | eighty each | Latin | octogeni | octogenary |
octogesim- | eightieth | Latin | octogesimus | octogesimal |
octon- | eight each | Latin | octoni | octonary |
ocul- | eye | Latin | oculus, oculare | ocular, oculus |
od- | path, way | Greek | ὁδός (hodos) | anode, odometer |
od- | hate | Latin | odium | odious |
odont- | tooth | Greek | ὀδούς, ὀδόντος (odous, odontos) | odontology |
odor- | fragrant | Latin | odor | odorous |
oeco- | house | Greek | οἶκος (oikos) | ecology |
oed- | swollen | Greek | οἴδημα (oidēma) | oedema |
oen- | wine | Greek | οἶνος (oinos) | oenology |
oesoph- | gullet | Greek | οἰσοφάγος (oisophagos) | oesophagus |
ogdo- | eighth | Greek | ὄγδοος (ogdoos) | |
-oid | like | Greek | -οειδής (-oeidēs) | |
ole- | oily | Latin | ||
olecran- | skull of elbow | Latin from Greek | ὠλέκρανον (ōlekranon) | olecranon |
olig- | few | Greek | ὀλίγος (oligos) | oligarchy |
oliv- | olive | Latin | oliva | |
-oma | cancer | Greek | -ωμα | |
omas- | paunch | Latin | omasum | omasum |
oment- | fat skin | Latin | omentum | |
omin- | Latin | omen, ominis | ominous | |
omm- | eye | Greek | ὄμμα (omma) | ommatidium |
omni- | all | Latin | omnis | omnipotence, omnivore |
omo- | shoulder | Latin | ||
omphal- | navel | Greek | ὀμφαλός (omphalos) | omphalectomy |
oner- | burden | Latin | onus, oneris | onerous |
onom- | name | Greek | όνομα (onoma) | onomatopoeia |
ont- | existing | Greek | ὄντος (ontos) | ontogeny, ontology |
-onym | name | Greek | ὄνυμα (onuma) | pseudonym |
oo- | egg | Greek | (oion) | oocyte |
opac- | shady | Latin | opacus | opacity |
oper- | work | Latin | opus, operis | opera |
opercul- | little cover | Latin | operculum | |
ophi- | snake | Greek | ὄφις (ophis) | |
ophthalm- | eye | Greek | ὀφθαλμός (ophthalmos) | ophthalmology |
opisth- | behind | Greek | ὄπισθεν (opisthen) | opisthosoma, opsimath |
opoter- | either | Greek | ὁπότερος (hopoteros) | |
opt- | eye | Greek | ὀπτός optos | optical |
opt- | choose | Latin | optare | adopt, optional |
optim- | best | Latin | optimus | optimum |
or- | mouth | Latin | os, oris | oral, orator |
orb- | circle | Latin | orbis | orbit |
orch- | testicle | Greek | ὄρχις (orchis) | orchid |
ordin- | order | Latin | ōrdō, ordinis | ordinal, ordinary |
organ- | organ, instrument, tool | Greek | ὄργανον (organon) | organism |
ori-, ort- | eastern | Latin | oriri, ortus | orient |
orn- | Latin | ōrnāre | adorn, ornament, ornate | |
ornith- | bird | Greek | ὄρνις (ornis, ornithos) | ornithology |
orth(o)- | straight | Greek | ὀρθός (orthos) | orthodoxy, orthosis |
oscill- | swing | Latin | oscillum | oscillation |
oss(i)- | bone | Latin | os, ossis | |
osteo- | bone | Greek | ὀστοῦν (ostoun) | osteoporosis |
osti- | entrance | Latin | ostium | ostiole |
ostrac- | shell | Greek | ὄστρακον (ostrakon) | ostracism |
ot- | ear | Greek | οὖς,ωτός (ous, ōtos) | otology |
ov- | egg | Latin | ovum | oval, ovule |
ovi- | sheep | Latin | ovis | ovine |
oxy- | sharp, pointed | Greek | ὀξύς (oxus) | oxymoron |
P
Root | Meaning in English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
pac- | peace | Latin | pax, pacis | pacifism |
pach- | thick | Greek | παχύς (pachus) | pachydermata |
paed- | child | Greek | παῖς, παιδός (pais, paidos) | paediatric |
pagin- | page | Latin | pagina | pagination |
pal- | stake | Latin | palus | impale |
palae-, pale- | ancient, old | Greek | παλαιός (palaios) | paleontology |
palin- | back | Greek | παλιν (palin) | palindrome |
pall- | pale | Latin | pallere | pallid, pallor |
palli- | mantle | Latin | pallium | pallium |
palm- | palm | Latin | palma | palmate |
palustr(i)- | in marshes | Latin | paluster | palustral |
pan-, pam- | all | Greek | πᾶς, παντός (pas, pantos) | pandemic |
pand-, pans- | spread | Latin | pandere, pansus | expand, expansion |
par(a)- | beside, near | Greek | παρά (para) | parallel, parameter |
pariet- | wall | Latin | paries, parietis | parietal |
part(i)- | part | Latin | pars, partis | partition |
parthen(o)- | maiden | Greek | παρθένος (parthenos) | parthenogenesis |
parv- | little | Latin | parvus | |
pasc-, past- | feed | Latin | pascere, pastus | pasture, repast |
pass- | pace, step | Latin | passus | |
passer- | sparrow | Latin | passer | passeriform, passerine |
pat- | be open | Latin | patere | patent |
path- | to feel, hurt | Greek | πάθος (pathos) | pathetic, pathology |
pati-, pass- | suffer; feel; endure; permit | Latin | pati, passus | passive, patient |
patr(i)- | father | Latin | pater, patris | patriarch, patrilocal |
pauc- | few | Latin | paucus | paucity |
pav- | Latin | pavement | ||
pecc- | sin | Latin | peccare | impeccable |
pect- | fixed | Greek | πηκτός (pēktos) | pectic, pectin |
pector- | chest | Latin | pectus, pectoris | pectoral |
pecun- | money | Latin | pecunia | pecuniary |
ped- | child | Greek | παῖς, παιδός (pais, paidos) | pedagogy |
ped- | foot | Latin | pes, pedis | pedal |
pejor- | worse | Latin | pejor | pejorative |
pel-, puls- | drive | Latin | pellere | propellent, propulsion |
pen- | almost | Latin | paene | peninsula, penultimate, penumbra |
pend-, pens- | hang | Latin | pendere | suspend |
penn-, pinn- | feather | Latin | penna | pennate |
pent- | five | Greek | πέντε (pente) | pentagon |
pentecost- | fiftieth | Greek | (pentekostos) | pentecostalism |
pept- | to digest | Greek | πέσσειν, πεπτός (pessein, peptos) | peptic |
per- | thoroughly, through | Latin | per | perfect, persistent |
peran- | across, beyond | Greek | ||
peri- | around | Greek | περί | perimeter, periscope |
persic- | peach | Greek | περσικός (persikos) | |
pessim- | worst | Latin | pessimus | pessimal |
pet- | strive towards | Latin | petere | appetite, competition |
petr- | rock | Greek | πέτρα (petra) | petroglyph |
phaeo- | dark | Greek | φαιός (phaios) | |
phag- | eat | Greek | φαγεῖν (phagein) | sarcophagus |
phalang- | close formation of troops, finger bones | Greek | φάλαγξ, φάλαγγος (phalanx, phalangos) | phalange(s) |
phalar- | having a patch of white | Greek | φάλαρος (phalāros)<ref>"phalaros" in LSJ</ref> | |
pharma- | drug, medicine | Greek | φάρμακον | pharmacy |
phanero- | visible | Greek | φανερός | |
pher- | bear, carry | Greek | φέρω | pheromone |
philia- | love, friendship | Greek | φιλια | philosophy |
phleg- | heat | Greek | φλέγω | Phlegmatics |
phloe- | tree bark | Greek | φλοιός (phloios) | Phlobaphene |
phob(ia)- | fear | Greek | φόβος (phobos) | hydrophobia |
phon(o)- | sound | Greek | φωνή (phone) | microphone, phonograph |
phor- | carry, bearing, bearer | Greek | φόρος (phoros) | metaphor |
phos-, phot- | light | Greek | φῶς | photograph |
phragm- | fence | Greek | φράγμα (phragma) | diaphragm |
phren- | diaphragm, mind | Greek | φρήν, φρενός (phrēn, phrenos) | schizophrenia |
phryn(o)- | toad, toad-like | Greek | φρύνη (phrunē) | |
phyl- | tribe | Greek | φύλων (phulon) | phylum |
phyll- | leaf | Greek | φύλλων (phullon) | chlorophyll |
physa- | bladder | Greek | φυσά, φούσκα (phusa, phouska) | |
phys- | nature | Greek | φύση (physe) | physics |
phyt- | plant | Greek | φυτών (phuton) | neophyte |
pic- | pitch | Latin | pix, picis | |
pil- | hair | Latin | ||
pin- | pine | Latin | ||
ping-, pict- | paint | Latin | pingere | picture |
pino- | drink | Greek | πίνειν (pinein) | pinocytosis |
pir- | pear | Latin | ||
pisc- | fish | Latin | piscis | Pisces |
pis- | pea | Greek | πίσος (pisos) | |
plac- | plate, tablet | Greek | πλαξ, πλακός (plax, plakos) | |
plac- | calm | Latin | placare, placatus | placate |
plac-, -plic- | please | Latin | placēre, placitus | placid |
plagi- | oblique | Greek | πλάγιος (plagios) | |
plan- | flat | Latin | planus | explanation, planar |
plang- | Latin | plangere | plangent | |
plas- | mould | Greek | πλάθω (platho) | plasma, plastic |
platy- | flat, broad | Greek | πλατύς (platus) | platypus |
plaud-, plaus- | clap | Latin | plaudere, plausus | applaud |
ple-, plet- | fill | Latin | plere | complete, suppletive |
pleb- | people | Latin | plebs, plebis | plebian |
plect-, plex- | plait | Latin | plectere, plexus | perplex |
plec- | interwoven | Greek | πλέκω (pleko) | Plectics |
plen- | full | Latin | plenus | plenary |
plesi- | near | Greek | πλησίος (plēsios) | |
pleth- | full | Greek | πλῆθος (plēthos) | plethora |
pleur- | side | Greek | πλευρά pleura | |
plic- | fold, braid | Latin | plicare, plicatus | duplication, replicate |
plinth- | brick | Greek | πλίνθος (plinthos) | |
plor- | Latin | plorare | implore | |
plu- | rain | Latin | pluere | |
plum- | feather | Latin | pluma | plumage, plumate |
plumb- | lead | Latin | plumbum | |
plur- | more | Latin | pluris | plural |
plurim- | most | Latin | plurimus | |
plus- | more | Latin | plus | |
pluvi- | rain | Latin | pluvia | pluvial |
pneu- | air, lung | Greek | πνεῦμα | pneumatic |
pod- | foot | Greek | πούς, ποδός (pous, podos) | podiatry, tripod |
pogon(o)- | beard | Greek | πώγων, πώγωνος (pōgōn, pōgōnos) | pogonotrophy |
poie- | make | Greek | ποιέω | poiesis |
pole-, poli- | city | Greek | πόλις (polis) | metropolis, politics |
pol- | pole | Greek | πόλος (polos) | dipole, polar |
pol- | stake, pale | Latin | palus | pole-vault |
polem- | war | Greek | πόλεμος (polemos) | polemic |
poli(o)- | grey | Greek | πολιός (polios) | |
pollic- | thumb | Latin | pollex, pollicis | |
pollin- | Latin | pollen, pollinis | pollination | |
poly- | many | Greek | πολύς (polus) | polygon |
pon-, posit- | put | Latin | ponere, positus | component, position, postpone |
ponder- | weight | Latin | pondus, ponderis | ponderable |
pont- | bridge | Latin | pons, pontis | pontoon |
popul- | people | Latin | populus | population |
por- | passage | Greek | πόρος (poros) | pore |
porc- | pig | Latin | porcus | porcine, pork |
porphyr- | purple | Greek | πορφύρα (porphura) | porphyrin |
port- | gate | Latin | porta | portal |
port- | carry | Latin | portare, portatus | export, transportation |
post- | after, behind | Latin | post | posterior, postscript |
pot- | drink | Latin | potare | potable |
potam- | river | Greek | ποταμός (potamos) | Mesopotamia, hippopotamus |
prasin- | leek-green | Greek | πράσινος (prasinos) | prasinous |
prat- | meadow | Latin | pratum | |
prav- | crooked | Latin | pravus | depravity |
pre- | before | Latin | prae | previous |
prec- | pray | Latin | prex, precare | deprecation |
pred- | Latin | praedari | predator | |
prehend-, prend- | grasp | Latin | prehendere | comprehend |
prem-, -prim-, press- | press | Latin | premere, pressus | pressure |
presb- | old | Greek | πρέσβυς (presbus) | Presbyterianism |
preter- | past | Latin | praeter | preterite, pretermission |
preti- | price | Latin | pretium | |
prim- | first | Latin | primus | primary, primeval, primitive |
prior- | former | Latin | prior | priority |
priv- | separate | Latin | privare, privatus | deprivation |
pro- | before, in front of | Greek | πρό (pro) | |
pro- | for, forward | Latin | pro | propulsion |
prob- | try | Latin | probare | probation |
proct- | anus | Greek | πρωκτός (proktos) | proctology |
propri- | Latin | proprius | appropriate | |
pros(o)- | forward | Greek | πρός (pros) | |
prot(o)- | first | Greek | πρῶτος (prōtos) | protoplasm |
proxim- | nearest | Latin | proximus | proximity |
prun- | plum | Latin | prunus | prune |
psamma- | sand | Greek | ψάμμος (psammos) | |
pseud(o)- | false | Greek | ψεῦδος (pseudos) | pseudonym |
psil(o)- | bare | Greek | ψιλός (psilos) | epsilon |
psych(o)- | mind | Greek | ψυχη (psychē) | psycho |
psychr(o)- | cold | Greek | ψυχρος (psuchros) | |
pter- | wing, fern | Greek | πτερών (pteron) | helicopter |
pto- | fall | Greek | πτώσης | ptosis |
ptyal- | saliva | Greek | πτύον (ptyon) | |
ptych- | fold, layer | Greek | πτυχή (ptuchē) | triptych |
pubi- | sexually mature | Latin | pubic, pubescent | |
public- | Latin | publicus | publication | |
pude- | Latin | pudere | impudent | |
pugn- | fight | Latin | pugnare | pugnacious, repugnant |
pulchr- | beautiful | Latin | pulcher, pulchri | pulchritude |
pulmon- | lung | Latin | pulmo, pulmonis | pulmonary |
pulver- | dust | Latin | pulvis, pulveris | pulverize |
pung-, punct- | prick | Latin | pungere | puncture, pungent |
puni- | punish | Latin | punire | punitive |
pup- | doll | Latin | pupa | pupa, puppet |
pur- | pure | Latin | purus | impure, purity |
purg- | Latin | purgare | expurgate, purgatory | |
purpur- | purple | Latin | purpura | |
put- | think | Latin | putāre | compute, putative |
pygo- | rump | Greek | πύγηε (pugē) | |
pyl- | gate | Greek | πυλών, πυλῶνος (pulōn) | pylon |
pyr(o)- | heat, fire | Greek | πύρ, πυρός (pur, puros) | pyrolysis |
Q
Root | Meaning In English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
quadr- | four | Latin | quattuor | quadrangle, quadrillion |
quadragen- | forty each | Latin | quadrageni | quadragenary |
quadragesim- | fortieth | Latin | quadragesimus | quadragesimal |
quart- | fourth | Latin | quartus | quartary, quartile |
quasi- | as if | Latin | quasi | |
quatern- | four each | Latin | quaterni | quaternary, quaternion |
quati-, quass- | shake | Latin | quatere | |
quer-, -quir-, quesit-, -quisit- | search, seek | Latin | quaerere | Inquisition, query |
qui- | rest | Latin | quies | quiet |
quin- | five each | Latin | quini | quinary |
quindecim- | fifteenth | Latin | quindecimus | quindecimal |
quinden- | fifteen each | Latin | quindeni | quindenary |
quinque- | five | Latin | quinque | quinquennium |
quint- | fifth | Latin | quintus | quintary, quintile |
quot- | how many, how great | Latin | quota, quotient |
R
Root | Meaning In English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
rad-, ras- | scrape, shave | Latin | radere, rasus | abrade, abrasion |
radi- | beam, spoke | Latin | radius, radiare | radiance, radiation |
radic- | root | Latin | rādix, rādīcis | eradicate, radical |
ram- | branch | Latin | rāmus | ramification, ramose |
ran- | frog | Latin | rana | Rana |
ranc- | rancidness, grudge, bitterness | Latin | rancere | rancid, rancor |
rap- | turnip | Latin | rapum | rapeseed |
raph- | seam | Greek | ῤαφή (rhaphē) | |
rar- | Latin | rarus | rarity | |
rauc- | harsh, hoarse | Latin | raucus | raucous |
re-, red- | again, back | Latin | re- | recede, redact |
reg-, -rig-, rect- | straight | Latin | regere, rectus | dirigible, erect, erection, rectum |
rem- | oar | Latin | remus | bireme, trireme |
ren- | kidney | Latin | renes | renal |
rep-, rept- | crawl, creep | Latin | repere, reptus | reptile |
ret- | net | Latin | rete | reticle, retina |
retro- | backward, behind | Latin | retro | retrograde, retrospective, retrovirus |
rhabd- | rod | Greek | ῥάβδος (rhabdos) | rhabdoid, rhabdom |
rhach-, rach- | spine | Greek | ῥάχις, ῥάχεως (rhachis) | rhachiodont |
rhag- | tear, rent | Greek | ῥαγίζω | rhagades |
rhe- | flow | Greek | ῥεῖν (rhein) | rheostat |
rhig- | chill | Greek | ῥῖγος (rhigos) | rhigosaurus |
rhin- | nose, snout | Greek | ῥίς, ῥινός (rhis, rhinos) | rhinoplasty |
rhiz- | root | Greek | ῥίζα (rhiza) | rhizome |
rhod(o)- | rose | Greek | ῥόδον (rhodon) | rhododendron |
rhomb- | spinning top | Greek | ῥόμβος (rhombos) | rhombus |
rhynch- | snout | Greek | ῥύγχος | Rhynchobatus |
rid-, ris- | laugh | Latin | ridere, risus | derision, ridicule |
robor- | oak, strength | Latin | robur, roboris | corroboration |
rod-, ros- | gnaw | Latin | rodere, rosus | corrode, erosion, rodent |
rog- | ask | Latin | rogare | interrogation |
rostr- | beak, prow | Latin | rostrum | rostrum |
rot- | wheel | Latin | rota, rotare | rotation |
ruber-, rubr- | red | Latin | ruber | rubric, ruby |
rug- | wrinkle | Latin | ruga, rugare | corrugation |
rumin- | throat | Latin | rumen, ruminis | rumination |
rump-, rupt- | break | Latin | rumpere, ruptus | eruption, rupture |
rur- | country | Latin | rus, ruris | rural |
S
Root | Meaning in English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
sacchar- | sugar | Greek | σάκχαρον (sakcharon) | saccharin |
sacr-, secr- | sacred | Latin | sacer, sacrare | consecrate, sacrament |
sagac- | Wise | Latin | sagax, sagacis | sagacity |
sagitt- | arrow | Latin | sagitta | sagittal plane, Sagittaria |
sal- | salt | Latin | sal, salis, salere | salinity |
sali-, -sili-, salt- | jump | Latin | salire, saltus | resilient, salient, saltus |
salic- | willow | Latin | salix, salicis | salicin |
salv- | save | Latin | salvare | salvation |
san- | healthy | Latin | sanus | insane, sanity |
sanct- | holy | Latin | sancire | sanctify, sanctuary |
sanguin- | blood | Latin | sanguis, sanguinis | sanguine |
sapi-, -sipi- | taste; wise | Latin | sapere | sapient |
sapon- | soap | Latin | sapo, saponis | saponification |
sarc(o)- | flesh | Greek | σάρξ (sarx, sarkos) | sarcophagus |
sativ- | cultivated | Latin | sativus | |
saur- | lizard, reptile | Greek | σαῦρος (sauros) | dinosaur |
saxum | rock | Latin | saxum | |
scab- | scratch | Latin | scabere | scabies |
scal- | ladder, stairs | Latin | scala | scale |
scalen- | uneven | Greek | σκαληνός skalenos | scalene |
scand-, -scend-, scans-, -scens- | climb | Latin | scandere | ascend |
scaph- | anything hollow, bowl, ship | Greek | scaphoid | |
schem- | plan | Greek | σχῆμα (schema) | schematic |
schis- | split | Greek | σχίσμα (schisma) | schism |
sci- | know | Latin | scire | prescient, science |
scind-, sciss- | split | Latin | scindere | scissors |
scler- | hard | Greek | σκληρός (sklēros) | scleroderma, sclerosis |
scoli- | crooked | Greek | σκολιός (skolios) | scoliosis |
scop-, scopy, scept- | look at, examine, view, observe | Greek | σκοπός (skopos) | kaleidoscope, stethoscope |
scrib-, script- | write | Latin | scribere | inscribe, scripture |
sculp- | carve | Latin | sculpere | sculpture |
scut- | shield | Latin | scutum | scute |
scyph- | cup | Greek | χούφτα (choyphta) | Scyphozoa |
se-, sed- | apart | Latin | se | secede, sedition |
seb- | tallow | Latin | sebum | sebaceous, sebum |
sec-, sect-, seg- | cut | Latin | secare | secant, section, segment |
sed- | settle, calm | Latin | sedare | sedative |
sed-, -sid-, sess- | sit | Latin | sedere | reside, sediment, session, supersede |
sedec- | sixteen | Latin | sedecim | sedecimal |
seget- | in cornfields | Latin | segetum | |
sei- | shake | Greek | σεισμός (seismos) | seismograph |
selen- | moon | Greek | σελήνη (selene) | Selene |
sell- | saddle, seat | Latin | sella | sella turcica |
sema- | sign | Greek | σῆμα (sema) | semantics, semaphore |
semi- | half | Latin | semis | semi-final |
semin- | seed | Latin | semen, seminis | insemination |
sen- | old man | Latin | senex, senis | senator, senility |
sen- | six each | Latin | seni | senary |
senti-, sens- | feel | Latin | sentire, sensus | consensus |
sept- | fence, partition, enclosure | Latin | saeptum | transept |
sept- | seven | Latin | septem | septennium |
septen- | seven each | Latin | septeni | septenary |
septim- | seventh | Latin | septimus | |
septuagen- | seventy each | Latin | septuageni | septuagenary |
septuagesim- | seventieth | Latin | septuagesimus | septuagesimal |
septuagint- | seventy | Latin | septuaginta | Septuagint |
sequ-, secut- | follow | Latin | sequere | consecutive, sequence |
ser(o)- | any body fluid | Latin | serum | serous |
ser(ot)- | late | Latin | serus | |
serp- | crawl | Latin | serpere | serpent |
serr- | saw, saw-toothed | Latin | serra, serrare | serration |
serv- | save, protect, serve | Latin | servare | conservation |
sesqui- | one and a half | Latin | sesqui | sesquicentennial |
set- | hair | Latin | seta | |
sever- | stern, strict, serious | Latin | severus | severity |
sex-, se- | six | Latin | sex | semester, sexangle, sexennium |
sexagen- | sixty each | Latin | sexageni | sexagenary |
sexagesim- | sixtieth | Latin | sexagesimus | sexagesimal |
sext- | sixth | Latin | sextus | sextant |
sibil- | hiss | Latin | sibilus, sibilare | sibilance |
sicc- | dry | Latin | siccus | desiccation |
sider- | star | Latin | sidus, sideris | sidereal |
sign- | sign | Latin | signum | design, designate, signal |
sil- | quiet or still | Latin | silere | silence |
silv- | forest | Latin | silva | silviculture |
simi- | ape, monkey | Latin | simia | simian |
simil- | likeness, trust, group | Latin | similis | assimilate, similarity |
simul- | an imitating, feigning | Latin | simulare | simulation |
singul- | one each | Latin | singuli | singular |
sinistr- | left | Latin | sinister, sinistri | sinistral |
sinu- | (to draw) a line | Latin | sinuare | insinuate |
sinus- | hollow, bay | Latin | sinus | |
siph(o)- | tube | Greek | σίφων (siphon) | siphon |
sist- | cause to stand | Latin | sistere | consist |
sito- | food, grain, wheat | Greek | σίτος (sitos) | sitology |
soci- | group | Latin | socius, sociare | associate, social |
sol- | sun | Latin | sol | solar |
sol- | comfort, soothe | Latin | solare | consolation |
solen- | pipe, channel | Greek | σωλήν (solen) | solenoid |
solv-, solut- | loosen, set free | Latin | solvere | solution |
soma- | body | Greek | σῶμα (sōma) | somatic |
somn- | sleep | Latin | somnus | insomnia |
somni- | dream | Latin | somnium | |
son- | sound | Latin | sonus | resonance |
soph- | Wise | Greek | σοφός (sophos) | sophist |
sorb-, sorpt- | suck | Latin | sorbere | absorb, absorption |
sord- | dirt | Latin | sordes, sordere | sordid |
soror- | sister | Latin | soror | sorority |
spati- | space | Latin | spatium | spatial |
spec-, -spic-, spect- | look | Latin | specere | conspicuous, inspection, specimen |
spect- | watch, look at | Latin | spectare | spectator |
specul- | observe | Latin | speculari | speculation |
sper- | hope | Latin | spes, sperare | desperation, esperance |
sperm- | seed | Greek | σπέρμα (sperma) | angiosperm |
sphen(o)- | wedge | Greek | σφήν (sphen) | |
spher- | ball | Greek | σφαῖρα (sphaira) | spheroid, sphere |
sphinct- | closing | Greek | σφίγγα | sphincter |
spic- | spike | Latin | spica | spicule |
spin- | thorn | Latin | spina | spine |
spir- | breathe | Latin | spirare | respiration |
spond-, spons- | a surety, guarantee; give assurance, promise solemnly | Latin | spondere, sponsus | |
spondyl- | vertebra | |||
spu-, sput- | spew, spit | Latin | spuere | sputum |
squal- | scaly, dirty, filthy | Latin | squalere | squalid, squalor |
squam- | scale | Latin | squama | |
squarros- | spreading at tips | Latin | ||
st- | stand | Latin | stare, status | stable, station, status, statistic, statue, establish |
stagn- | pool of standing water | Latin | stagnare | stagnant |
stalact- | Greek | σταλακτίτης (stalaktites) | stalactite | |
stalagm- | Greek | σταλαγμός (stalagmos) | stalagmite | |
stann- | tin | Latin | stannum | stannous |
statu-, -stitu- | stand | Latin | statuere | institution, statute |
stea- | fat, tallow | Greek | στέαρ, στέατος (stear, steatos) | stearic acid |
steg- | covering | Greek | steganography | |
stell- | star | Latin | stella | constellation, stellar |
sten- | narrow | Greek | στενός (stenos) | stenography |
stere- | solid | Greek | στερεός (stereos) | |
stern-, strat- | spread, strew | Latin | sternere, stratus | stratify |
stern- | breastbone | Greek | στέρνον (sternon) | sternum |
stich- | line, row | Greek | στίχος (stichos) | |
stig- | Greek | στίγμα | stigma | |
still- | drip | Latin | stilla, stillare | distillation |
stimul- | goad, rouse, excite | Latin | stimulus | stimulate |
stingu-, stinct- | apart | Latin | stinguere | distinction, distinguish |
stoch- | aim | Greek | στόχος | stochastic |
stom- | mouth | Greek | στόμα | |
strept- | twisted | Greek | στρεπτός (streptos) | |
strig- | compress | Latin | strix, strigis | strigogyps |
string-, strict- | upright, stiff | Latin | stringere, strictus | stringent |
strigos- | having stiff bristles | Latin | ||
stroph- | turning | Greek | στροφή (strophe) | apostrophe |
stru-, struct- | Latin | struere | construction, construe | |
stud- | dedication | Latin | studere | student |
stup- | wonder | Latin | stupere | stupor |
styl- | column, pillar | Greek | στῦλος (stulos) | stylus |
su-, sut- | sew | Latin | suere | suture |
sui- | self | Latin | suicide | |
suad-, suas- | urge | Latin | suadere, suasus | persuasion |
suav- | sweet | Latin | suavis | suave |
sub-, su-, sus- | below | Latin | sub | submerge |
subter- | Latin | subter | subterfuge | |
sucr- | sugar | Latin | sucrose | |
sud- | sweat | Latin | sudare | sudoriferous |
sulc- | furrow | Latin | sulcus | sulcus |
sum-, sumpt- | take | Latin | sumere | assumption, consume |
super- | above, over | Latin | super | supersede |
supin- | lying back | Latin | supinus | supination |
supra- | above, over | Latin | supra | supranationalism |
surd- | deaf | Latin | surdus | absurdity |
surg- | rise | Latin | surgere | resurgent |
syn-, sy-, syl-, sym- | with | Greek | σύν (sun) | symbol, system, synonym, symmetry |
syring- | pipe | Greek | σύριγξ, σύριγγος (syrinx, syringos) | syringe |
T
Root | Meaning in English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
tac-, -tic- | be silent | Latin | tacere, tacitus | reticent, tacit |
tach- | swift | Greek | ταχύς (tachus) | tachometer |
taenia- | ribbon | Greek | ταινία (tainia) | |
tal- | ankle | Latin | talus | |
tang-, -ting-, tact-, tag- | touch | Latin | tangere, tactus | contact, tangent |
tapet- | carpet | Latin | tapete, tapetis | |
tard- | slow | Latin | tardus | retard, tardy, tardigrade |
tars- | ankle | Greek | ταρσός (tarsos, a flat basket) | tarsal |
taur- | bull | Greek | ταῦρος (tauros) | Minotaur |
taur- | bull | Latin | taurus | Taurus |
tax- | arrangement, order | Greek | τάξης (taxis) | taxonomy |
techn- | Greek | τέχνη (techne) | technology | |
teg-, tect- | cover | Latin | tegere, tectus | protection |
tele- | far, end | Greek | τῆλε | telephone, telescope, telegram |
teleo- | complete | Greek | τέλος | teleology |
temno- | cut | Greek | τέμνω | |
tempor- | time | Latin | tempus, temporis | temporary, temporal. |
ten-, -tin-, tent- | hold | Latin | tenere, tentus | continent, tenacious |
tend-, tens- | stretch | Latin | tendere, tensus | extend, extension |
tenu- | slender, thin | Latin | tenuis | attenuate, tenuous |
tep- | be warm | Latin | tepere | tepid |
ter-, trit- | rub | Latin | terere, tritus | attrition, contrite |
teret- | rounded | Latin | teres, teretis | |
terg-, ters- | wipe | Latin | tergere, tersus | detergent |
termin- | Latin | terminus | determine, termination | |
tern- | three each | Latin | terni | ternary, ternion |
terr- | dry land | Latin | terra | terrace, terrain, terracotta |
terti- | third | Latin | tertius | tertian, tertiary |
test- | witness | Latin | testis | testimony |
tetr- | four | Greek | τετρά (tetra-) | tetrahedron |
tex-, text- | weave | Latin | texere, textus | texture, textile |
thalam- | chamber, bed | Greek | θάλαμος (thalamos) | |
thalass- | sea | Greek | θάλασσα (thalassa) | Panthalassa |
than- | death | Greek | θάνατος (thanatos) | euthanasia |
the- | put | Greek | τίθημι (tithemi) | theme, thesis thesaurus |
-theca | case | Greek | θήκη | Bibliotheca |
thel(o)- | Greek | θηλή | ||
the(o)-, thus- | god | Greek | θεός (theos) | theology, enthusiasm |
theori- | Greek | θεωρία | theorem, theory | |
therm- | heat | Greek | θερμός (thermos) | thermometer, endotherm |
thero- | beast, animal | Greek | θήρ, θηρός | theropod |
thymo- | mood | Greek | θυμός | dysthymia |
thyreo- | large shield | Greek | θυρεός | thyroid |
tim- | be afraid | Latin | timere | timid |
ting-, tinct- | moisten | Latin | tingere, tinctus | tincture |
tom- | cut | Greek | τομή (tome), τόμος (tomos) | ectomy, atom, tome |
ton- | stretch | Greek | τόνος (tonos) | tone, isotonic |
top- | place | Greek | τόπος (topos) | topic, topography |
torn- | cut | Latin from Greek | tornare < τόρνος (tornos) | |
torpe- | numb | Latin | torpere | torpor |
torqu-, tort- | twist | Latin | torquere, tortus | extortion, torque, torture |
tot- | all, whole | Latin | totus | total |
tox(o)- | arrow, bow | Greek | τόξον (toxon) | |
trab- | beam | Latin | trabs, trabis | trabeculae |
trachy- | rough | Greek | τραχύς (trachus) | trachea |
trag(o)- | goat | Greek | τράγος (tragos) | tragus |
trah-, tract- | pull/draw | Latin | trahere, tractus | subtrahend, tractor |
trans-, tra-, tran- | across | Latin | trans | tradition, transcend, transportation |
trapez- | four-sided, table | Greek | τράπεζα (trapeza) | trapezoid trapezius |
traum- | wound | Greek | τραῦμα (trauma) | trauma, traumatic |
trecent- | three hundred | Latin | trecenti | trecentennial |
tredec- | thirteen | Latin | tredecim | |
treiskaidek- | thirteen | Greek | τρεισκαίδεκα | triskaidekaphobia |
trem- | tremble | Latin | tremere | tremor |
trema- | hole | Greek | τρῆμα (trēma) | trematode |
tri- | three | Greek | τρεῖς, τρία (treis, tria) | triad, trigon, tripod |
tri- | three | Latin | tres | triangle, trivia, triumvirate |
tricen- | thirty each | Latin | triceni | tricenary |
tricesim-, trigesim- | thirtieth | Latin | tricesimus | trigesimal |
trich- | hair | Greek | θρίξ, τριχός (thrix, trichos) | trichopathophobia, peritrichous |
trin- | three each | Latin | trini | trinity |
troch- | wheel | Greek | τροχός | trochlea |
trop- | turning | Greek | τρόπος (tropos) | tropic |
troph- | feed, grow | Greek | τροφός | pogonotrophy, trophic, dystrophy |
trud-, trus- | thrust | Latin | trudere, trusus | extrusion, intrude |
tuss- | cough | Latin | tussis, tussire | pertussis |
tympan- | drum | Greek | τύμπανον (tumpanon) | tympani |
typ- | stamp, model | Greek | τύπος (tupos) |
U
Root | Meaning in English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
uber- | fruitful | Latin | uber, uberare | exuberant |
ulig- | in marshes | Latin | ||
ulo- | wooly | Greek | ||
ultim- | farthest | Latin | ultimus | ultimate |
ultra- | beyond | Latin | ultra | ultrasonic |
umbilic- | navel | Latin | umbilicus | umbilical |
umbr- | shade, shadow | Latin | umbra | penumbra, umbrella |
un-, uni- | one | Latin | unus, unius | unary, union |
unc- | hooked | Latin | uncus | uncinate |
unci- | ounce, twelfth | Latin | uncia | uncial |
und- | wave | Latin | unda | abundant, undulate |
undecim- | eleventh | Latin | undecimus | undecimal |
unden- | eleven each | Latin | undeni | undenary |
ungui- | claw, nail | Latin | unguis | |
ungul- | claw, hoof | Latin | ungula | ungulate |
ur-, uro- | tail | Greek | οὐρά (oura) | uroid, uroborus |
ur-, uro- | urine | Greek | οὖρον (ouron) | urology |
urb- | city | Latin | urbs, urbis | urban |
urg- | work | Latin | urgere | urgent |
urs- | bear | Latin | ursus | Ursa Major, ursine |
ut-, us- | use | Latin | uti, usus | usual, utility |
uv- | grape | Latin | uva | uvea |
uxor- | wife | Latin | uxor | uxoricide |
V
Root | Meaning in English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
vac- | empty | Latin | vacare | vacancy, vacation, vacuum |
vad-, vas- | go | Latin | vadere | evade, pervasive |
vag- | wander | Latin | vagus, vagare | vague, vagabond |
van- | empty, vain, idle | Latin | vanus | vanity |
vap- | lack (of) | Latin | vapor | evaporation, vapid, vaporize |
veh-, vect- | carry | Latin | vehere, vectus | vehicle, vector |
vel- | veil | Latin | velum | revelation, velate |
vell-, vuls- | pull | Latin | vellere, vulsus | convulsion |
veloc- | quick | Latin | velox, velocis | velocity |
ven- | vein | Latin | vena | venosity |
ven- | hunt | Latin | venari | venison |
ven-, vent- | come | Latin | venire | advent, convention |
vend- | sell | Latin | vendere | vendor, vending |
vener- | respectful | Latin | venus | veneration, venereal |
vent- | wind | Latin | ventus | ventilation |
ventr- | belly | Latin | venter | ventral |
ver- | true | Latin | verus | verify, verity |
verb- | word | Latin | verbum | verbal, verbatim, verbosity |
verber- | whip | Latin | verber | reverberation |
verm- | worm | Latin | vermis | vermiform |
vern- | spring | Latin | ver, vernus | vernal |
vert-, vers- | turn | Latin | vertere, versus | convert, inversion, invert, vertical |
vesic- | bladder | Latin | vesica | vesical |
vesper- | evening, western | Latin | vespera | vesperal |
vest- | clothe, garment | Latin | vestis | divest, vest |
vestig- | follow, track | Latin | vestigium | investigate |
vet- | forbid | Latin | vetare | veto |
veter- | old | Latin | vetus, veteris | inveterate, veteran |
vi- | way | Latin | via | deviate, obvious, via |
vic- | change | Latin | vicis | vice versa, vicissitude |
vicen-, vigen- | twenty | Latin | viceni | vicenary |
vicesim-, vigesim- | twentieth | Latin | vecesimus | vicesimary, vigesimal |
vid-, vis- | see | Latin | videre, visus | video, vision |
vil- | cheap | Latin | vilis | vile, vilify |
vill- | shaggy hair, velvet | Latin | villus | villiform |
vin- | wine | Latin | vinum | vinous |
vinc-, vict- | conquer | Latin | vincere, victus | invincible, victory |
vir- | man | Latin | vir | virility |
vir- | green | Latin | virere | virid, viridian |
visc- | thick | Latin | viscum | viscosity |
viscer- | organs of the body cavity | Latin | viscus, visceris | visceral |
vit- | life | Latin | vita | vital |
vitell- | yolk | Latin | vitellus | |
viti- | fault | Latin | vitium | vice, vitiate |
vitr- | glass | Latin | vitrum | vitreous |
viv- | live | Latin | vivere | revive, survive, vivid |
voc- | voice | Latin | vox, vocis | vocal, vocation, provocative |
vol- | fly | Latin | volare | volatility |
vol- | wish | Latin | velle | volition |
volv-, volut- | roll | Latin | volvere, volutus | convolution, revolve |
vom- | discharge | Latin | vomere | vomit |
vor-, vorac- | swallow | Latin | vorare, vorax | devour, voracious |
vov-, vot- | vow | Latin | vovere, votus | votive |
vulg- | common, crowd | Latin | vulgus | divulge, vulgarity, vulgate |
vulner- | wound | Latin | vulnus, vulneris | vulnerable |
vulp- | fox | Latin | vulpes, vulpis | vulpine |
<span id="W" />
X
Root | Meaning in English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
xanth- | yellow | Greek | ξάνθος (xanthos) | xanthogenic |
xen- | foreign | Greek | ξένος (xenos) | xenophobia |
xer- | dry | Greek | ξηρός (xēros) | xerography |
xiph- | sword | Greek | ξίφος (xiphos) | xiphoid |
xyl- | wood | Greek | ξύλον (xulon) | xylophone |
<span id="Y" />
Z
Root | Meaning In English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
-zo- | animal, living being | Greek | ζῷον (zōion) | protozoa, zoo, zoology |
zon- | belt, girdle | Greek | ζώνη (zōnē) | zone |
zyg- | yoke | Greek | ζυγός (zugon) | heterozygous, zygote |
zym- | ferment | Greek | ζύμη (zumē) | enzyme, lysozyme |
See also
- Interlingua
- International scientific vocabulary
- Lexicon Mediae et Infimae Latinitatis Polonorum
- List of Latin words with English derivatives
- List of Greek words with English derivatives
- List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names
- Hybrid word
- Classical compound
- Latin
- Latin influence in English
- List of Latin phrases
- Latin Mnemonics
- Latin school
- List of Latin abbreviations
- List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names
- List of Latin phrases
- List of Latin words with English derivatives
- List of Latinised names
- List of legal Latin terms
- Medical terminology
- Romanization (cultural)
- Toponymy
References
External links
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List of New Testament minuscules
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List of New Testament lectionaries
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