Acts 14:12

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-	'''Acts 14:12'''     And they called Barnabas, Jupiter; and Paul, Mercurius, because he was the chief speaker.	+	{{Verses in Acts 14}}
		+	* '''[[Acts 14:12 Greek NT: Beza's Textus Receptus (1598)|ΠΡΑΞΕΙΣ ΤΩΝ ΑΠΟΣΤΟΛΩΝ  14:12]]''' [[2564|ἐκάλουν]] [[5037|τε]] [[3588|τὸν]] [[3303|μὲν]] [[921|Βαρνάβαν,]] [[2203|Δία·]] [[3588|τὸν]] [[1161|δὲ]] [[3972|Παῦλον,]] [[2060|Ἑρμῆν,]] [[1894|ἐπειδὴ]] [[846|αὐτὸς]] [[2258|ἦν]] [[3588|ὁ]] [[2233|ἡγούμενος]] [[3588|τοῦ]] [[3056|λόγου.]]
		+
		+	{{Textus Receptus 1598 Footer}}
		+
		+	* '''Acts 14:12''' [[5037|And]] [[2564|they called]] [[3303|Barnabas]], [[2203|Jupiter]]; [[1161|and]] [[3972|Paul]], [[2060|Mercurius]], [[1894|because]] [[846|he]] [[2258|was]] [[3588|the]] [[2233|chief]] [[3056|speaker]].
		+
		+	{{King James Version Pure Cambridge Edition Footer}}
		+
		+	*'''[[Acts 14:12 King James Version 2016|Acts 14:12]]'''  [[5037|And]] [[2564|they called]] [[3303|Barnabas]] [[2203|Jupiter]], [[1161|and]] [[3972|Paul]] [[2060|Mercurius]], [[1894|because]] [[846|he]] [[2258|was]] [[3588|the]] [[2233|chief]] [[3056|speaker]].
		+
		+	{{King James Version 2016 Edition}}
		+
		+	==Interlinear==
		+
		+	==Commentary==
		+	====Jupiter and Mercurius or Zeus and Hermes?====
		+	:And they called Barnabas, '''<u>Jupiter</u>'''; and Paul, '''<u>Mercurius</u>''', because he was the chief speaker. ([[KJV]])
		+	:And Barnabas they called '''<u>Zeus</u>''', and Paul, '''<u>Hermes</u>''', because he was the chief speaker. ([[NKJV]]) 1982
		+
		+	Most modern versions translate as ‘Zeus’ for ‘Jupiter’ and ‘Hermes’ for ‘Mercurius’, such as the RSV, NIV, NASB, NET, the Jehovah Witness New World Translation, the Catholic St. Joseph New American Bible 1979, the Catholic New Jerusalem bible 1985 and the ESV.
		+
		+	The Douay Rheims of 1582 and 1950 reads as the KJV:
		+	:And they called Barnabas, '''<u>Jupiter</u>''': but Paul, '''<u>Mercurius</u>''': because he was chief speaker.
		+
		+	The 1968 Jerusalem bible, the 1970 St. Joseph New American Bible and the 1985 New Jerusalem bible all say:
		+	:They addressed Barnabas as '''<u>Zeus</u>''', and since Paul was the principal speaker they called him '''<u>Hermes</u>'''.  New Jerusalem bible 1985.
		+
		+
		+	The Jehovah Witness New World Translation reads like the NKJV, NIV, NASB, ESV and the modern Catholic versions.  It says:
		+	:And they went calling Barnabas '''<u>Zeus</u>''', but Paul '''<u>Hermes</u>'''...
		+
		+	The immediate context tells us very clearly that they were in the region of Lycaonia which was a Roman province and not Greek. It was in the speech of Lycaonia that the people began to call Barnabas Jupiter and Paul Mercurius. The language of the Lycaonians would have been the Latin and not the Greek.  The inspired Greek text merely translates and records what was said in Latin.
		+
		+	;Jupiter
		+	:Easton’s Bible Dictionary - Jupiter -The principal deity of the ancient Greeks and Romans. He was worshipped by them under various epithets. Barnabas was identified with this god by the Lycaonians (Acts 14:12), because he was of stately and commanding presence, as they supposed Jupiter to be. There was a temple dedicated to this god outside the gates of Lystra (14:13).
		+
		+	:Nave's Topical Bible - Jupiter -  Equivalent to Zeus, a Greek and Roman deity  Acts 14:12,13; 19:35
		+
		+	;Mercury
		+	:Nave's Topical Bible -Mercurius - A pagan god; Mercury (to the Romans); Hermes (to the Greeks)) Paul taken for, in Lycaonia Acts 14:11,12
		+
		+	:ATS Bible Dictionary - American Tract Society Bible Dictionary published in 1859. Mercury - A fabulous god of the ancient heathen, the messenger of the celestials, and the deity that presided over learning, eloquence, and traffic. The Greeks named him Hermes, interpreter, because they considered him as the interpreter of the will of the gods. Probably it was for this reason that the people of Lystra, having heard Paul preach, and having seen him heal a lame man, would have offered sacrifice to him as to their god Mercury; and to Barnabas as Jupiter, because of his venerable aspect, Acts 14:11-12.
		+
		+	:Holman Bible Dictionary MERCURIUS - KJV translation of the Greek Hermes (Acts 14:12). The Roman god Mercury was identified with the Greek Hermes.
		+
		+	====Adam Clarke====
		+	:They called Barnabas, Jupiter; and Paul, Mercurius - The heathens supposed that Jupiter and Mercury were the gods who most frequently assumed the human form; and Jupiter was accustomed to take Mercury with him on such expeditions. Jupiter was the supreme god of the heathens; and Mercury was by them considered the god of eloquence. And the ancient fable, from which I have quoted so largely above, represents Jupiter and Mercury coming to this very region, where they were entertained by Lycaon, from whom the Lycaonians derived their name.
		+
		+	====Barnes====
		+	:And they called Barnabas, Jupiter. Jupiter was represented as the most powerful of all the gods of the ancients. ... There is the most abundant proof that he was worshipped in the region of Lycaonia, and throughout Asia Minor. There was, besides, a fable among the inhabitants of Lycaonia that Jupiter and Mercury had once visited that place, and had been received by Philemon. The whole fable is related by Ovid, (Metam. 8, 611)
		+
		+	====John Gill====
		+	:And they called Barnabas Jupiter…The supreme God; it may be because that Barnabas was the oldest man, of the tallest stature, and largest bulk, and made the best figure; whereas Paul was younger, of a low stature, and mean appearance: and Paul Mercurius, because he was the chief speaker; Mercury was the god of eloquence, and the messenger of the gods, and the interpreter of their will F18; Paul being chiefly concerned in preaching and speaking to the people, they called him by the name of this God.
		+
		+	====Jamieson, Fausset and Brown====
		+	:they called Barnabas, Jupiter--the father of the gods, from his commanding mien  and Paul, Mercurius--the god of eloquence and the messenger and attendant of Jupiter, in the heathen mythology.
		+
		+	====Matthew Henry====
		+	:And Paul they called Mercury, who was the messenger of the gods, that was sent on their errands; for Paul, though he had not the appearance that Barnabas had, was the chief speaker, and had a greater command of language, and perhaps appeared to have something mercurial in his temper and genius. Jupiter used to take Mercury along with him, they said, and, if he make a visit to their city, they will suppose he does so now.
		+
		+	====J. W. McGarvey's Original Commentary on Acts====
		+	:But when two gods appeared together, the one who acts as chief speaker could be no other than Mercury, the god of Eloquence, and the constant attendant of Jupiter in his terrestrial visits. The remark of Luke that Paul was called Mercury "because he was the chief speaker," shows that he was familiar with Greek mythology.
		+
		+	====The People’s New Testament====
		+	:"The gods are come down to us in the likeness of men." In the speech of Lycaonia. Paul had preached in Greek, which was understood over all the East, but the native dialect of the Lycaonians was different, and in that they confer together. Called Barnabas, Jupiter. The chief of the gods in the Greek and Roman Pantheon. Barnabas was no doubt a more stately man than Paul, who says that his own "bodily presence was weak and speech contemptible," and there was also a reason why they thought Paul, Mercurius. Mercury was the "interpreter of the gods." His Greek name, Hermes, is the origin of our word Hermeneutics. Paul, eloquent, persuasive, active, was thought to represent the part of Mercury. Then the priest of Jupiter. There was a temple of Jupiter before the gates of the city, with the usual priest, and carried away by their idea, they prepared to offer sacrifices to the gods whom they supposed to have visited them.
		+
		+	====Dr. Larry Bednar====
		+	:Dr. Larry Bednar of KJV Textual Technology remarks: "It's said that the Latin terms Jupiter applied to Barnabus and Mercurius applied to Paul by citizens of Lystra in Acts 14:12 of the KJV are erroneous in that they don't truly translate the Greek, and supposedly the Greek names Zeus and Hermes are correct. But those who say this don't seem to realize that in the Greek text, Greek names would be assigned to these false gods, whatever the actual names were in the native language of Lycaonia spoken by these citizens (14:11). No one knows what names were actually used, but the inerrant Greek would be fully equivalent, making it readily possible to derive an English equivalent. Clearly, in an English translation, the names utilized would reflect English culture, and English is far more kindred to the Latin than it is to the Greek. Thus Latin-based names like Jupiter & Mercurius are the ones likely to apply in the KJV, and more likely to be understood by English readers.  Indeed Lystra was a city in the Roman empire at this time in history, so the Latin names are the only logical choices. Some theorize that the local language was Greek, but there is no basis for this. [http://www.kjvtextualtechnology.com/essay-12--70-false-criticisms-of-kjv-and-its-basis.php ]
		+
		+	==Greek==
		+
		+	====Textus Receptus====
		+
		+	* [[1514 AD|1514]] {{Template: Complutensian Polyglot Footer}}
		+	<small>''See Also [[Acts 14:12 Complutensian Polyglot 1514]]''</small>
		+
		+	====[[Desiderius Erasmus]]====
		+
		+	* [[1516 AD|1516]] ([[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]] 1st [[Novum Instrumentum omne]])
		+	* [[1519 AD|1519]] ([[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]] 2nd)
		+	* [[1522 AD|1522]] ([[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]] 3rd [[Novum Testamentum omne]])
		+	* [[1527 AD|1527]] ([[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]] 4th)
		+	* [[1535 AD|1535]] ([[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]] 5th)
		+
		+	====Colinæus====
		+
		+	* [[1534 AD|1534]] (Colinæus)
		+
		+	====Stephanus ([[Robert Estienne]])====
		+
		+	* [[1546 AD|1546]] ([[Robert Estienne]] (Stephanus) 1st)
		+	* [[1549 AD|1549]] ([[Robert Estienne]] (Stephanus) 2nd)
		+	* [[1550 AD|1550]] ([[Robert Estienne]] (Stephanus) 3rd - [[Editio Regia]])
		+	* [[1551 AD|1551]] ([[Robert Estienne]] (Stephanus) 4th)
		+
		+	====[[Theodore Beza]]====
		+	* [[1565 AD|1565]] (Beza 1st)
		+	* [[1565 AD|1565]] (Beza Octavo 1st)
		+	* [[1567 AD|1567]] (Beza Octavo 2nd)
		+	* [[1580 AD|1580]] (Beza Octavo 3rd)
		+	* [[1582 AD|1582]] (Beza 2nd)
		+	* [[1589 AD|1589]] (Beza 3rd)
		+	* [[1590 AD|1590]] (Beza Octavo 4th)
		+	* [[1598 AD|1598]] (Beza 4th)
		+	''See Also [[Acts 14:12 Beza 1598]] ([[Theodore Beza|Beza]])''
		+	* [[1604 AD|1604]] (Beza Octavo 5th)
		+
		+	====Elzevir====
		+
		+	* [[1624 AD|1624]] (Elzevir)
		+	* [[1633 AD|1633]] (Elzevir)
		+	* [[1641 AD|1641]] (Elzevir)
		+
		+	====Scholz====
		+
		+	* [[1841 AD|1841]] ([[Johann Martin Augustin Scholz|Scholz]])
		+
		+	====Scrivener====
		+
		+	* [[1894 AD|1894]] (? ????? ???T???)
		+
		+	====Other Greek====
		+
		+	* [[1857 AD|1857]] (Tregelles' Greek New Testament)
		+	* (Tischendorf 8th Ed.)
		+	* [[1881 AD|1881]] (Westcott & Hort)
		+	* (Greek orthodox Church)
		+
		+	==Anglo Saxon Translations==
		+
		+	* [[1000 AD|1000]] (Anglo-Saxon Gospels Manuscript 140, Corpus Christi College by Aelfric)
		+
		+	* [[1200 AD|1200]] (Anglo-Saxon Gospels Hatton Manuscript 38, Bodleian Library by unknown author)
		+
		+	==English Translations==
		+
		+	* [[1380 AD|1380]] ([[Wyclif's Bible]] by [[John Wycliffe]])
		+
		+	* [[1395 AD|1395]] ([[Wyclif's Bible]] by [[John Wycliffe]])
		+
		+	* [[1534 AD|1534]] ([[Tyndale Bible]] by [[William Tyndale]])
		+
		+	* [[1535 AD|1535]] (Coverdale Bible)
		+
		+	* [[1539 AD|1539]] ([[Great Bible]] First Edition - [[Miles Coverdale]])
		+
		+	* [[1540 AD|1540]] ([[Great Bible]] Second Edition - [[Miles Coverdale]])
		+
		+	* [[1549 AD|1549]] ([[Matthew's Bible]] - [[John Rogers]])
		+
		+	* [[1557 AD|1557]] (Geneva [[1557 AD|1557]])
		+
		+	* [[1560 AD|1560]] ([[Geneva Bible]]) First Edition
		+
		+	* [[1568 AD|1568]] ([[Bishop's Bible]] First Edition
		+
		+	* [[1582 AD|1582]] (Rheims [[1582 AD|1582]])
		+
		+	* [[1587 AD|1587]] ([[Geneva Bible]]) by [[William Whittingham]]
		+
		+	* [[1599 AD|1599]] ([[Geneva Bible]]) by [[William Whittingham]]
		+
		+	* [[1611 AD|1611]] ([[King James Version]])
		+
		+	* [[1729 AD|1729]] ([[Mace New Testament]])
		+
		+	* [[1745 AD|1745]] (Mr. Whiston's Primitive New Testament)
		+
		+	* [[1762 AD|1762]] ([[King James Version]])
		+
		+	* [[1769 AD|1769]] ([[King James Version]] - [[Benjamin Blayney]])
		+
		+	* [[1770 AD|1770]] (Worsley Version by John Worsley)
		+
		+	* [[1790 AD|1790]] (Wesley Version by John Wesley)
		+
		+	* [[1795 AD|1795]] (A Translation of the New Testament from the Original Greek by Thomas Haweis)
		+
		+	* [[1833 AD|1833]] (Webster Version - by [[Noah Webster]])
		+
		+	* [[1835 AD|1835]] (Living Oracles by Alexander Campbell)
		+
		+	* [[1849 AD|1849]] ([[Etheridge Translation]] by [[John Etheridge]])
		+
		+	* [[1850 AD|1850]] ([[King James Version]] by Committee)
		+
		+	* [[1851 AD|1851]] (Murdock Translation)
		+
		+	* [[1855 AD|1855]] [[Calvin Bible]] by the [[Calvin Translation Society]]
		+
		+	* [[1858 AD|1858]] (The New Testament Translated from the Original Greek by [[Leicester Sawyer]])
		+
		+	* [[1865 AD|1865]] ([[The Emphatic Diaglott]] by [[Benjamin Wilson]])
		+
		+	* [[1865 AD|1865]] (The New Testament of Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ 1865 by American Bible Union)
		+
		+	* [[1869 AD|1869]] (Noyes Translation by George Noyes)
		+
		+	* [[1873 AD|1873]] ([[King James Version]]) by [[Frederick Scrivener]])
		+
		+	* [[1885 AD|1885]] (Revised Version also called English Revised Version - Charles Ellicott editor)
		+
		+	* [[1890 AD|1890]] (Darby Version 1890 by [[John Darby]])
		+
		+	* [[1898 AD|1898]] ([[Young's Literal Translation]] by [[Robert Young]])
		+
		+	* [[1901 AD|1901]] ([[American Standard Version]] - [[Philip Schaff]])
		+
		+	* [[1902 AD|1902]] (The Emphasised Bible Rotherham Version)
		+
		+	* [[1902 AD|1902]] (Translation of the New Testament from the Original Greek by William Godbey)
		+
		+	* [[1904 AD|1904]] (The New Testament: Revised and Translated by [[Adolphus Worrell]])
		+
		+	* [[1904 AD|1904]] (Twentieth Century New Testament by Ernest Malan and Mary Higgs)
		+
		+	* [[1911 AD|1911]] (Syrus Scofield)
		+
		+	* [[1912 AD|1912]] (Weymouth New Testament)
		+
		+	* [[1918 AD|1918]] (The New Testament Translated from the Sinaitic Manuscript by Henry Anderson)
		+
		+	* [[1923 AD|1923]] (Edgar Goodspeed)
		+
		+	* [[1982 AD|1982]] ([[New King James Version]])
		+
		+	* [[1984 AD|1984]] ([[New International Version]])
		+
		+	* [[1995 AD|1995]] ([[New American Standard Bible]])  (©1995)
		+
		+	* [[1999 AD|1999]] ([[American King James Version]])[[AKJV]]
		+
		+	* [[2005 AD|2005]] ([[Today’s New International Version]])
		+
		+	* ([[BBE]])
		+	* ([[Holman Christian Standard Bible]])
		+	* ([[21st Century King James Version]])
		+	* ([[Common English Bible]])
		+	* ([[GOD’S WORD Translation]])
		+	* ([[Contemporary English Version]])
		+	* ([[New Living Translation]])
		+	* ([[Amplified Bible]])
		+	* ([[The Message]])
		+	* ([[New International Reader's Version]])
		+	* ([[Wycliffe New Testament]])
		+
		+	==Foreign Language Versions==
		+
		+	====[[Arabic]]====
		+	* ‎فكانوا يدعون برنابا زفس وبولس هرمس اذ كان هو المتقدم في الكلام‎. <big></big>(Arabic Smith & Van Dyke)
		+
		+	====[[Aramaic]]====
		+	* <big></big>(Aramaic Peshitta)
		+
		+	====[[Basque]]====
		+
		+	* Eta Barnabas deitzen çutén Iupiter: eta Paul, Mercurio: ceren harc hitza ekarten baitzuen.
		+
		+	====[[Bulgarian]]====
		+
		+	* [[1940 AD|1940]] (Bulgarian Bible)
		+
		+	====[[Chinese]]====
		+
		+	*  1 於 是 称 巴 拿 巴 为 丢 斯 ， 称 保 罗 为 希 耳 米 ， 因 为 他 说 话 领 首 。 (Chinese Union Version (Simplified))
		+
		+	*  1 於 是 稱 巴 拿 巴 為 丟 斯 ， 稱 保 羅 為 希 耳 米 ， 因 為 他 說 話 領 首 。 (Chinese Union Version (Traditional))
		+
		+	====[[French]]====
		+
		+	* Et ils appelaient Barnabas Jupiter, et Paul Mercure, parce que c'etait lui qui portait la parole. (French Darby)
		+
		+	* [[1744 AD|1744]] Et ils appelaient Barnabas Jupiter, et Paul Mercure, parce que c'était lui qui portait la parole. (Martin 1744)
		+
		+	* [[1744 AD|1744]] (Ostervald 1744)
		+
		+	====[[German]]====
		+
		+	* [[1545 AD|1545]] (Luther 1545)
		+
		+	* [[1871 AD|1871]] (Elberfelder 1871)
		+
		+	* [[1912 AD|1912]] Und nannten Barnabas Jupiter und Paulus Merkurius, dieweil er das Wort führte. (Luther 1912)
		+
		+	====[[Italian]]====
		+
		+	* [[1649 AD|1649]] E chiamavano Barnaba, Giove, e Paolo, Mercurio, perché era il primo a parlare. (Giovanni Diodati Bible 1649)
		+
		+	* [[1927 AD|1927]] E chiamavano Barnaba, Giove, e Paolo, Mercurio, perché era il primo a parlare. (Riveduta Bible 1927)
		+
		+	====[[Japanese]]====
		+
		+	* [[1928 AD|1928]] ([[Naoji Nagai]])
		+
		+	====[[Latin]]====
		+
		+	* et vocabant Barnaban Iovem Paulum vero Mercurium quoniam ipse erat dux verbi [[Latin Vulgate]]
		+
		+	* [[1527 AD|1527]] (Erasmus 1527)
		+
		+	* [[1527 AD|1527]] (Erasmus Vulgate 1527)
		+
		+	====[[Pidgin]]====
		+
		+	* [[1996 AD|1996]] (Pidgin King Jems)
		+
		+	====[[Romainian]]====
		+
		+	* [[2010 AD|2010]] (Biblia Traducerea Fidela în limba româna)
		+
		+	====[[Russian]]====
		+
		+	* [[1876 AD|1876]] И называли Варнаву Зевсом, а Павла Ермием, потому что он начальствовал в слове. [[Russian Synodal Version]]
		+
		+	Phonetically:
		+
		+	====[[Spanish]]====
		+
		+	* (RVG Spanish)
		+
		+	====[[Swedish]]====
		+
		+	* [[1917 AD|1917]] Och de kallade Barnabas för Jupiter, men Paulus kallade de för Merkurius, eftersom det var han som förde ordet. (Swedish - Svenska 1917)
		+
		+	====[[Tagalog]]====
		+
		+	* [[1905 AD|1905]] At tinawag nilang Jupiter, si Bernabe; at Mercurio, si Pablo, sapagka't siya ang pangulong tagapagsalita. (Ang Dating Biblia 1905)
		+
		+	====[[Tok Pisin]]====
		+
		+	* [[1996 AD|1996]] (Tok Pisin King Jems)
		+
		+	====[[Vietnamese]]====
		+
		+	* [[1934 AD|1934]] Chúng bèn xưng Ba-na-ba là thần Giu-bi-tê, còn Phao-lô là thần Mẹt-cu-rơ, vì là người đứng đầu giảng đạo. (VIET)
		+
		+	==See Also==
		+	* [[Acts 14:12 Timeline]]
		+
		+	==External Links==
		+	* [http://www.standardbearers.net/uploads/Ahaziahs_Age_Upon_His_Accession_Chronology_of_the_OT_Dr_Floyd_Nolen_Jones_PhD_ThD.pdf Ahaziahs Age Upon His Accession Chronology of the OT] by Dr. Floyd Nolen Jones
		+
		+	{{Donate}}

---

Current revision

New Testament Acts 14
Acts 14:1 Acts 14:2 Acts 14:3 Acts 14:4 Acts 14:5 Acts 14:6 Acts 14:7 Acts 14:8 Acts 14:9 Acts 14:10 Acts 14:11 Acts 14:12 Acts 14:13 Acts 14:14 Acts 14:15 Acts 14:16 Acts 14:17 Acts 14:18 Acts 14:19 Acts 14:20 Acts 14:21 Acts 14:22 Acts 14:23 Acts 14:24 Acts 14:25 Acts 14:26 Acts 14:27 Acts 14:28

• ΠΡΑΞΕΙΣ ΤΩΝ ΑΠΟΣΤΟΛΩΝ 14:12 ἐκάλουν τε τὸν μὲν Βαρνάβαν, Δία· τὸν δὲ Παῦλον, Ἑρμῆν, ἐπειδὴ αὐτὸς ἦν ὁ ἡγούμενος τοῦ λόγου.

(Textus Receptus, Novum Testamentum, Theodore Beza, 5th major edition. Geneva. 1598)

• Acts 14:12 And they called Barnabas, Jupiter; and Paul, Mercurius, because he was the chief speaker.

(King James Version, Pure Cambridge Edition 1900)

• Acts 14:12 And they called Barnabas Jupiter, and Paul Mercurius, because he was the chief speaker.

(King James Version 2016 Edition, 2016) - buy the revised and updated printed 2023 Edition New Testament here

Contents 1 Interlinear 2 Commentary 2.1 Jupiter and Mercurius or Zeus and Hermes? 2.2 Adam Clarke 2.3 Barnes 2.4 John Gill 2.5 Jamieson, Fausset and Brown 2.6 Matthew Henry 2.7 J. W. McGarvey's Original Commentary on Acts 2.8 The People’s New Testament 2.9 Dr. Larry Bednar 3 Greek 3.1 Textus Receptus 3.2 Desiderius Erasmus 3.3 Colinæus 3.4 Stephanus (Robert Estienne) 3.5 Theodore Beza 3.6 Elzevir 3.7 Scholz 3.8 Scrivener 3.9 Other Greek 4 Anglo Saxon Translations 5 English Translations 6 Foreign Language Versions 6.1 Arabic 6.2 Aramaic 6.3 Basque 6.4 Bulgarian 6.5 Chinese 6.6 French 6.7 German 6.8 Italian 6.9 Japanese 6.10 Latin 6.11 Pidgin 6.12 Romainian 6.13 Russian 6.14 Spanish 6.15 Swedish 6.16 Tagalog 6.17 Tok Pisin 6.18 Vietnamese 7 See Also 8 External Links

Interlinear

Commentary

Jupiter and Mercurius or Zeus and Hermes?

And they called Barnabas, Jupiter; and Paul, Mercurius, because he was the chief speaker. (KJV)

And Barnabas they called Zeus, and Paul, Hermes, because he was the chief speaker. (NKJV) 1982

Most modern versions translate as ‘Zeus’ for ‘Jupiter’ and ‘Hermes’ for ‘Mercurius’, such as the RSV, NIV, NASB, NET, the Jehovah Witness New World Translation, the Catholic St. Joseph New American Bible 1979, the Catholic New Jerusalem bible 1985 and the ESV.

The Douay Rheims of 1582 and 1950 reads as the KJV:

And they called Barnabas, Jupiter: but Paul, Mercurius: because he was chief speaker.

The 1968 Jerusalem bible, the 1970 St. Joseph New American Bible and the 1985 New Jerusalem bible all say:

They addressed Barnabas as Zeus, and since Paul was the principal speaker they called him Hermes. New Jerusalem bible 1985.

The Jehovah Witness New World Translation reads like the NKJV, NIV, NASB, ESV and the modern Catholic versions. It says:

And they went calling Barnabas Zeus, but Paul Hermes...

The immediate context tells us very clearly that they were in the region of Lycaonia which was a Roman province and not Greek. It was in the speech of Lycaonia that the people began to call Barnabas Jupiter and Paul Mercurius. The language of the Lycaonians would have been the Latin and not the Greek. The inspired Greek text merely translates and records what was said in Latin.

Jupiter

Easton’s Bible Dictionary - Jupiter -The principal deity of the ancient Greeks and Romans. He was worshipped by them under various epithets. Barnabas was identified with this god by the Lycaonians (Acts 14:12), because he was of stately and commanding presence, as they supposed Jupiter to be. There was a temple dedicated to this god outside the gates of Lystra (14:13).

Nave's Topical Bible - Jupiter - Equivalent to Zeus, a Greek and Roman deity Acts 14:12,13; 19:35

Mercury

Nave's Topical Bible -Mercurius - A pagan god; Mercury (to the Romans); Hermes (to the Greeks)) Paul taken for, in Lycaonia Acts 14:11,12

ATS Bible Dictionary - American Tract Society Bible Dictionary published in 1859. Mercury - A fabulous god of the ancient heathen, the messenger of the celestials, and the deity that presided over learning, eloquence, and traffic. The Greeks named him Hermes, interpreter, because they considered him as the interpreter of the will of the gods. Probably it was for this reason that the people of Lystra, having heard Paul preach, and having seen him heal a lame man, would have offered sacrifice to him as to their god Mercury; and to Barnabas as Jupiter, because of his venerable aspect, Acts 14:11-12.

Holman Bible Dictionary MERCURIUS - KJV translation of the Greek Hermes (Acts 14:12). The Roman god Mercury was identified with the Greek Hermes.

Adam Clarke

They called Barnabas, Jupiter; and Paul, Mercurius - The heathens supposed that Jupiter and Mercury were the gods who most frequently assumed the human form; and Jupiter was accustomed to take Mercury with him on such expeditions. Jupiter was the supreme god of the heathens; and Mercury was by them considered the god of eloquence. And the ancient fable, from which I have quoted so largely above, represents Jupiter and Mercury coming to this very region, where they were entertained by Lycaon, from whom the Lycaonians derived their name.

Barnes

And they called Barnabas, Jupiter. Jupiter was represented as the most powerful of all the gods of the ancients. ... There is the most abundant proof that he was worshipped in the region of Lycaonia, and throughout Asia Minor. There was, besides, a fable among the inhabitants of Lycaonia that Jupiter and Mercury had once visited that place, and had been received by Philemon. The whole fable is related by Ovid, (Metam. 8, 611)

John Gill

And they called Barnabas Jupiter…The supreme God; it may be because that Barnabas was the oldest man, of the tallest stature, and largest bulk, and made the best figure; whereas Paul was younger, of a low stature, and mean appearance: and Paul Mercurius, because he was the chief speaker; Mercury was the god of eloquence, and the messenger of the gods, and the interpreter of their will F18; Paul being chiefly concerned in preaching and speaking to the people, they called him by the name of this God.

Jamieson, Fausset and Brown

they called Barnabas, Jupiter--the father of the gods, from his commanding mien and Paul, Mercurius--the god of eloquence and the messenger and attendant of Jupiter, in the heathen mythology.

Matthew Henry

And Paul they called Mercury, who was the messenger of the gods, that was sent on their errands; for Paul, though he had not the appearance that Barnabas had, was the chief speaker, and had a greater command of language, and perhaps appeared to have something mercurial in his temper and genius. Jupiter used to take Mercury along with him, they said, and, if he make a visit to their city, they will suppose he does so now.

J. W. McGarvey's Original Commentary on Acts

But when two gods appeared together, the one who acts as chief speaker could be no other than Mercury, the god of Eloquence, and the constant attendant of Jupiter in his terrestrial visits. The remark of Luke that Paul was called Mercury "because he was the chief speaker," shows that he was familiar with Greek mythology.

The People’s New Testament

"The gods are come down to us in the likeness of men." In the speech of Lycaonia. Paul had preached in Greek, which was understood over all the East, but the native dialect of the Lycaonians was different, and in that they confer together. Called Barnabas, Jupiter. The chief of the gods in the Greek and Roman Pantheon. Barnabas was no doubt a more stately man than Paul, who says that his own "bodily presence was weak and speech contemptible," and there was also a reason why they thought Paul, Mercurius. Mercury was the "interpreter of the gods." His Greek name, Hermes, is the origin of our word Hermeneutics. Paul, eloquent, persuasive, active, was thought to represent the part of Mercury. Then the priest of Jupiter. There was a temple of Jupiter before the gates of the city, with the usual priest, and carried away by their idea, they prepared to offer sacrifices to the gods whom they supposed to have visited them.

Dr. Larry Bednar

Dr. Larry Bednar of KJV Textual Technology remarks: "It's said that the Latin terms Jupiter applied to Barnabus and Mercurius applied to Paul by citizens of Lystra in Acts 14:12 of the KJV are erroneous in that they don't truly translate the Greek, and supposedly the Greek names Zeus and Hermes are correct. But those who say this don't seem to realize that in the Greek text, Greek names would be assigned to these false gods, whatever the actual names were in the native language of Lycaonia spoken by these citizens (14:11). No one knows what names were actually used, but the inerrant Greek would be fully equivalent, making it readily possible to derive an English equivalent. Clearly, in an English translation, the names utilized would reflect English culture, and English is far more kindred to the Latin than it is to the Greek. Thus Latin-based names like Jupiter & Mercurius are the ones likely to apply in the KJV, and more likely to be understood by English readers. Indeed Lystra was a city in the Roman empire at this time in history, so the Latin names are the only logical choices. Some theorize that the local language was Greek, but there is no basis for this. [1]

Greek

Textus Receptus

• 1514 (Complutensian Polyglot)

See Also Acts 14:12 Complutensian Polyglot 1514

Desiderius Erasmus

• 1516 (Erasmus 1st Novum Instrumentum omne)
• 1519 (Erasmus 2nd)
• 1522 (Erasmus 3rd Novum Testamentum omne)
• 1527 (Erasmus 4th)
• 1535 (Erasmus 5th)

Colinæus

• 1534 (Colinæus)

Stephanus (Robert Estienne)

• 1546 (Robert Estienne (Stephanus) 1st)
• 1549 (Robert Estienne (Stephanus) 2nd)
• 1550 (Robert Estienne (Stephanus) 3rd - Editio Regia)
• 1551 (Robert Estienne (Stephanus) 4th)

Theodore Beza

• 1565 (Beza 1st)
• 1565 (Beza Octavo 1st)
• 1567 (Beza Octavo 2nd)
• 1580 (Beza Octavo 3rd)
• 1582 (Beza 2nd)
• 1589 (Beza 3rd)
• 1590 (Beza Octavo 4th)
• 1598 (Beza 4th)

See Also Acts 14:12 Beza 1598 (Beza)

• 1604 (Beza Octavo 5th)

Elzevir

• 1624 (Elzevir)
• 1633 (Elzevir)
• 1641 (Elzevir)

Scholz

• 1841 (Scholz)

Scrivener

• 1894 (? ????? ???T???)

Other Greek

• 1857 (Tregelles' Greek New Testament)
• (Tischendorf 8th Ed.)
• 1881 (Westcott & Hort)
• (Greek orthodox Church)

Anglo Saxon Translations

• 1000 (Anglo-Saxon Gospels Manuscript 140, Corpus Christi College by Aelfric)

• 1200 (Anglo-Saxon Gospels Hatton Manuscript 38, Bodleian Library by unknown author)

English Translations

• 1380 (Wyclif's Bible by John Wycliffe)

• 1395 (Wyclif's Bible by John Wycliffe)

• 1534 (Tyndale Bible by William Tyndale)

• 1535 (Coverdale Bible)

• 1539 (Great Bible First Edition - Miles Coverdale)

• 1540 (Great Bible Second Edition - Miles Coverdale)

• 1549 (Matthew's Bible - John Rogers)

• 1557 (Geneva 1557)

• 1560 (Geneva Bible) First Edition

• 1568 (Bishop's Bible First Edition

• 1582 (Rheims 1582)

• 1587 (Geneva Bible) by William Whittingham

• 1599 (Geneva Bible) by William Whittingham

• 1611 (King James Version)

• 1729 (Mace New Testament)

• 1745 (Mr. Whiston's Primitive New Testament)

• 1762 (King James Version)

• 1769 (King James Version - Benjamin Blayney)

• 1770 (Worsley Version by John Worsley)

• 1790 (Wesley Version by John Wesley)

• 1795 (A Translation of the New Testament from the Original Greek by Thomas Haweis)

• 1833 (Webster Version - by Noah Webster)

• 1835 (Living Oracles by Alexander Campbell)

• 1849 (Etheridge Translation by John Etheridge)

• 1850 (King James Version by Committee)

• 1851 (Murdock Translation)

• 1855 Calvin Bible by the Calvin Translation Society

• 1858 (The New Testament Translated from the Original Greek by Leicester Sawyer)

• 1865 (The Emphatic Diaglott by Benjamin Wilson)

• 1865 (The New Testament of Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ 1865 by American Bible Union)

• 1869 (Noyes Translation by George Noyes)

• 1873 (King James Version) by Frederick Scrivener)

• 1885 (Revised Version also called English Revised Version - Charles Ellicott editor)

• 1890 (Darby Version 1890 by John Darby)

• 1898 (Young's Literal Translation by Robert Young)

• 1901 (American Standard Version - Philip Schaff)

• 1902 (The Emphasised Bible Rotherham Version)

• 1902 (Translation of the New Testament from the Original Greek by William Godbey)

• 1904 (The New Testament: Revised and Translated by Adolphus Worrell)

• 1904 (Twentieth Century New Testament by Ernest Malan and Mary Higgs)

• 1911 (Syrus Scofield)

• 1912 (Weymouth New Testament)

• 1918 (The New Testament Translated from the Sinaitic Manuscript by Henry Anderson)

• 1923 (Edgar Goodspeed)

• 1982 (New King James Version)

• 1984 (New International Version)

• 1995 (New American Standard Bible) (©1995)

• 1999 (American King James Version)AKJV

• 2005 (Today’s New International Version)

• (BBE)
• (Holman Christian Standard Bible)
• (21st Century King James Version)
• (Common English Bible)
• (GOD’S WORD Translation)
• (Contemporary English Version)
• (New Living Translation)
• (Amplified Bible)
• (The Message)
• (New International Reader's Version)
• (Wycliffe New Testament)

Foreign Language Versions

Arabic

• ‎فكانوا يدعون برنابا زفس وبولس هرمس اذ كان هو المتقدم في الكلام‎. (Arabic Smith & Van Dyke)

Aramaic

• (Aramaic Peshitta)

Basque

• Eta Barnabas deitzen çutén Iupiter: eta Paul, Mercurio: ceren harc hitza ekarten baitzuen.

Bulgarian

• 1940 (Bulgarian Bible)

Chinese

• 1 於 是 称 巴 拿 巴 为 丢 斯 ， 称 保 罗 为 希 耳 米 ， 因 为 他 说 话 领 首 。 (Chinese Union Version (Simplified))

• 1 於 是 稱 巴 拿 巴 為 丟 斯 ， 稱 保 羅 為 希 耳 米 ， 因 為 他 說 話 領 首 。 (Chinese Union Version (Traditional))

French

• Et ils appelaient Barnabas Jupiter, et Paul Mercure, parce que c'etait lui qui portait la parole. (French Darby)

• 1744 Et ils appelaient Barnabas Jupiter, et Paul Mercure, parce que c'était lui qui portait la parole. (Martin 1744)

• 1744 (Ostervald 1744)

German

• 1545 (Luther 1545)

• 1871 (Elberfelder 1871)

• 1912 Und nannten Barnabas Jupiter und Paulus Merkurius, dieweil er das Wort führte. (Luther 1912)

Italian

• 1649 E chiamavano Barnaba, Giove, e Paolo, Mercurio, perché era il primo a parlare. (Giovanni Diodati Bible 1649)

• 1927 E chiamavano Barnaba, Giove, e Paolo, Mercurio, perché era il primo a parlare. (Riveduta Bible 1927)

Japanese

• 1928 (Naoji Nagai)

Latin

• et vocabant Barnaban Iovem Paulum vero Mercurium quoniam ipse erat dux verbi Latin Vulgate

• 1527 (Erasmus 1527)

• 1527 (Erasmus Vulgate 1527)

Pidgin

• 1996 (Pidgin King Jems)

Romainian

• 2010 (Biblia Traducerea Fidela în limba româna)

Russian

• 1876 И называли Варнаву Зевсом, а Павла Ермием, потому что он начальствовал в слове. Russian Synodal Version

Phonetically:

Spanish

• (RVG Spanish)

Swedish

• 1917 Och de kallade Barnabas för Jupiter, men Paulus kallade de för Merkurius, eftersom det var han som förde ordet. (Swedish - Svenska 1917)

Tagalog

• 1905 At tinawag nilang Jupiter, si Bernabe; at Mercurio, si Pablo, sapagka't siya ang pangulong tagapagsalita. (Ang Dating Biblia 1905)

Tok Pisin

• 1996 (Tok Pisin King Jems)

Vietnamese

• 1934 Chúng bèn xưng Ba-na-ba là thần Giu-bi-tê, còn Phao-lô là thần Mẹt-cu-rơ, vì là người đứng đầu giảng đạo. (VIET)

See Also

• Acts 14:12 Timeline

External Links

• Ahaziahs Age Upon His Accession Chronology of the OT by Dr. Floyd Nolen Jones

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List of New Testament minuscules

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List of New Testament uncials

01 · 02 · 03 · 04 · 05 · 06 · 07 · 08 · 09 · 010 · 011 · 012 · 013 · 014 · 015 · 016 · 017 · 018 · 019 · 020 · 021 · 022 · 023 · 024 · 025 · 026 · 027 · 028 · 029 · 030 · 031 · 032 · 033 · 034 · 035 · 036 · 037 · 038 · 039 · 040 · 041 · 042 · 043 · 044 · 045 · 046 · 047 · 048 · 049 · 050 · 051 · 052 · 053 · 054 · 055 · 056 · 057 · 058 · 059 · 060 · 061 · 062 · 063 · 064 · 065 · 066 · 067 · 068 · 069 · 070 · 071 · 072 · 073 · 074 · 075 · 076 · 077 · 078 · 079 · 080 · 081 · 082 · 083 · 084 · 085 · 086 · 087 · 088 · 089 · 090 · 091 · 092 · 093 · 094 · 095 · 096 · 097 · 098 · 099 · 0100 · 0101 · 0102 · 0103 · 0104 · 0105 · 0106 · 0107 · 0108 · 0109 · 0110 · 0111 · 0112 · 0113 · 0114 · 0115 · 0116 · 0117 · 0118 · 0119 · 0120 · 0121 · 0122 · 0123 · 0124 · 0125 · 0126 · 0127 · 0128 · 0129 · 0130 · 0131 · 0132 · 0134 · 0135 · 0136 · 0137 · 0138 · 0139 · 0140 · 0141 · 0142 · 0143 · 0144 · 0145 · 0146 · 0147 · 0148 · 0149 · 0150 · 0151 · 0152 · 0153 · 0154 · 0155 · 0156 · 0157 · 0158 · 0159 · 0160 · 0161 · 0162 · 0163 · 0164 · 0165 · 0166 · 0167 · 0168 · 0169 · 0170 · 0171 · 0172 · 0173 · 0174 · 0175 · 0176 · 0177 · 0178 · 0179 · 0180 · 0181 · 0182 · 0183 · 0184 · 0185 · 0186 · 0187 · 0188 · 0189 · 0190 · 0191 · 0192 · 0193 · 0194 · 0195 · 0196 · 0197 · 0198 · 0199 · 0200 · 0201 · 0202 · 0203 · 0204 · 0205 · 0206 · 0207 · 0208 · 0209 · 0210 · 0211 · 0212 · 0213 · 0214 · 0215 · 0216 · 0217 · 0218 · 0219 · 0220 · 0221 · 0222 · 0223 · 0224 · 0225 · 0226 · 0227 · 0228 · 0229 · 0230 · 0231 · 0232 · 0234 · 0235 · 0236 · 0237 · 0238 · 0239 · 0240 · 0241 · 0242 · 0243 · 0244 · 0245 · 0246 · 0247 · 0248 · 0249 · 0250 · 0251 · 0252 · 0253 · 0254 · 0255 · 0256 · 0257 · 0258 · 0259 · 0260 · 0261 · 0262 · 0263 · 0264 · 0265 · 0266 · 0267 · 0268 · 0269 · 0270 · 0271 · 0272 · 0273 · 0274 · 0275 · 0276 · 0277 · 0278 · 0279 · 0280 · 0281 · 0282 · 0283 · 0284 · 0285 · 0286 · 0287 · 0288 · 0289 · 0290 · 0291 · 0292 · 0293 · 0294 · 0295 · 0296 · 0297 · 0298 · 0299 · 0300 · 0301 · 0302 · 0303 · 0304 · 0305 · 0306 · 0307 · 0308 · 0309 · 0310 · 0311 · 0312 · 0313 · 0314 · 0315 · 0316 · 0317 · 0318 · 0319 · 0320 · 0321 · 0322 · 0323 ·

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List of New Testament lectionaries

1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 25b · 26 · 27 · 28 · 29 · 30 · 31 · 32 · 33 · 34 · 35 · 36 · 37 · 38 · 39 · 40 · 41 · 42 · 43 · 44 · 45 · 46 · 47 · 48 · 49 · 50 · 51 · 52 · 53 · 54 · 55 · 56 · 57 · 58 · 59 · 60 · 61 · 62 · 63 · 64 · 65 · 66 · 67 · 68 · 69 · 70 · 71 · 72 · 73 · 74 · 75 · 76 · 77 · 78 · 79 · 80 · 81 · 82 · 83 · 84 · 85 · 86 · 87 · 88 · 89 · 90 · 91 · 92 · 93 · 94 · 95 · 96 · 97 · 98 · 99 · 100 · 101 · 102 · 103 · 104 · 105 · 106 · 107 · 108 · 109 · 110 · 111 · 112 · 113 · 114 · 115 · 116 · 117 · 118 · 119 · 120 · 121 · 122 · 123 · 124 · 125 · 126 · 127 · 128 · 129 · 130 · 131 · 132 · 133 · 134 · 135 · 136 · 137 · 138 · 139 · 140 · 141 · 142 · 143 · 144 · 145 · 146 · 147 · 148 · 149 · 150 · 151 · 152 · 153 · 154 · 155 · 156 · 157 · 158 · 159 · 160 · 161 · 162 · 163 · 164 · 165 · 166 · 167 · 168 · 169 · 170 · 171 · 172 · 173 · 174 · 175 · 176 · 177 · 178 · 179 · 180 · 181 · 182 · 183 · 184 · 185 · 186 · 187 · 188 · 189 · 190 · 191 · 192 · 193 · 194 · 195 · 196 · 197 · 198 · 199 · 200 · 201 · 202 · 203 · 204 · 205 · 206a · 206b · 207 · 208 · 209 · 210 · 211 · 212 · 213 · 214 · 215 · 216 · 217 · 218 · 219 · 220 · 221 · 222 · 223 · 224 · 225 · 226 · 227 · 228 · 229 · 230 · 231 · 232 · 233 · 234 · 235 · 236 · 237 · 238 · 239 · 240 · 241 · 242 · 243 · 244 · 245 · 246 · 247 · 248 · 249 · 250 · 251 · 252 · 253 · 254 · 255 · 256 · 257 · 258 · 259 · 260 · 261 · 262 · 263 · 264 · 265 · 266 · 267 · 268 · 269 · 270 · 271 · 272 · 273 · 274 · 275 · 276 · 277 · 278 · 279 · 280 · 281 · 282 · 283 · 284 · 285 · 286 · 287 · 288 · 289 · 290 · 291 · 292 · 293 · 294 · 295 · 296 · 297 · 298 · 299 · 300 · 301 · 302 · 303 · 304 · 305 · 306 · 307 · 308 · 309 · 310 · 311 · 312 · 313 · 314 · 315 · 316 · 317 · 318 · 319 · 320 · 321 · 322 · 323 · 324 · 325 · 326 · 327 · 328 · 329 · 330 · 331 · 332 · 368 · 449 · 451 · 501 · 502 · 542 · 560 · 561 · 562 · 563 · 564 · 648 · 649 · 809 · 965 · 1033 · 1358 · 1386 · 1491 · 1423 · 1561 · 1575 · 1598 · 1599 · 1602 · 1604 · 1614 · 1619 · 1623 · 1637 · 1681 · 1682 · 1683 · 1684 · 1685 · 1686 · 1691 · 1813 · 1839 · 1965 · 1966 · 1967 · 2005 · 2137 · 2138 · 2139 · 2140 · 2141 · 2142 · 2143 · 2144 · 2145 · 2164 · 2208 · 2210 · 2211 · 2260 · 2261 · 2263 · 2264 · 2265 · 2266 · 2267 · 2276 · 2307 · 2321 · 2352 · 2404 · 2405 · 2406 · 2411 · 2412 ·

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New book available with irrefutable evidence for the reading in the TR and KJV. Revelation 16:5 and the Triadic Declaration - A defense of the reading of “shalt be” in the Authorized Version