Luke 7:31

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New Testament Luke 7

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ΚΑΤΑ ΛΟΥΚΑΝ 7:31 Εἶπε δὲ ὁ Κύριος, Τίνι οὖν ὁμοιώσω τοὺς ἀνθρώπους τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης; καὶ τίνι εἰσὶν ὅμοιοι; (Checked)

(Textus Receptus, Novum Testamentum, Theodore Beza, 5th major edition. Geneva. 1598)

Luke 7:31 And the Lord said, Whereunto then shall I liken the men of this generation? and to what are they like?

(King James Version, Pure Cambridge Edition 1900)

Luke 7:31 And the Lord said, “To what then will I compare the men of this generation, and to what are they like?

(King James Version 2016 Edition, 2016) - buy the revised and updated printed 2023 Edition New Testament here

Interlinear

Commentary

The introductory phrase εἶπε δὲ ὁ Κύριος - “And the Lord said” is a very common phrase in the New Testament. While most reformation era bibles include it, it is lacking in most modern versions. The phrase was most probably dropped out of circulation due to Homoioteleuton, as the word τίνι appears twice in the verse. Although the omission of this phrase does not have a significant impact upon doctrine, in the context of Luke 7, when the words “And the Lord said” are missing, it brings confusion about who said verse 29 and 30 and the words of Jesus seem abrupt and sudden, if the bold and underlined words below are missing:

27 This is he, of whom it is written, Behold, I send my messenger before thy face, which shall prepare thy way before thee. 28 For I say unto you, Among those that are born of women there is not a greater prophet than John the Baptist: but he that is least in the kingdom of God is greater than he. 29 And all the people that heard him, and the publicans, justified God, being baptized with the baptism of John. 30 But the Pharisees and lawyers rejected the counsel of God against themselves, being not baptized of him. 31 And the Lord said, Whereunto then shall I liken the men of this generation? and to what are they like?

In Matthew 11, there is no interlude between Christ speaking about John or the children in the marketplace. But clearly in Luke, the interjection warrants the words “And the Lord said” or else there is a general inconsistency. Compare Matthew 11:7-19.

Pre Erasmus

Codex Perusinus The phrase “Tunc Iesus dixit” (Then Jesus said) appears here in Codex Perusinus, a fragmentary Vulgate manuscript made in the 500’s or 600’s. “Tunc Iesus dixit” is in (vgms, 6th CE) noted in the Stuttgart vg ed.

Another example of a printed pre Erasmus edition with <ait autem dominus> is Sacon's of 1506. The Greek text <eipe de o kurios> can be indicated as a glos and can not be the incipit of a lectionary pericope. There the standard phraze is: <eipen o kurios>. It is printed as "Ait at dns." (with overscoring) in line 15 of the left column of digital page 652.

([1]) (From [2])

Have in mind: the Greek text <eipe de o kurios> can be indicated as a glos and can not be the incipit of a lectionary pericope. There the standard phraze is: <eipen o kurios>.

Brixianus

Also the Old Latin f (Brixianus, 6th CE) reads something similar:

"Tunc ergo Iesus dixit".

Codex Campianus

Codex Campianus designated by M or 021 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 72 (von Soden), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated palaeographically to the 9th century. It contains the phrase in a marginal note.

Other Latin

Ait autem Dominus: Cui ergo similes dicam homines generationis hujus? et cui similes sunt? (Clementine Vulgate)

...........................cui ergo similes dicam homines generationis huius et cui similes sunt

According to the critical text of the Vulgate, AIT AUTEM DOMINUS was the reading of the Vulgate as printed in every 15th and 16th-century edition.

In Luke 22:31 the exact words "εἶπεν δὲ ὁ Κς" appear.

Theodore Beza

Footnote at Luke 7:31 in Latin in the 1565 New Testament of Beza

Footnote at Luke 7:31 in Latin in the 1588 New Testament of Beza

Footnote at Luke 7:31 in Latin in the 1598 New Testament of Beza

Beza said in his 1556 edition:

"Haec verba deerant in omnibus vetustis codicibus, quae tamen prorsus videntur requiri, …" ("These words are wanting in the copies of all the ancient, which, however, for all that seem necessary ...”)

In the 1588 edition Beza has the Latin “dixit praeterea Dominus” which is used in Exodus 20:22.

William Rainolds

English Roman Catholic theologian and Biblical scholar William Rainolds (1544-1594) claimed that Beza had correctly followed the Latin in the reading of Luke 7:31 and that it was originally in the Greek Jerome used:

...if we prefer our latin edition before the greeke, and thinke that peece repeated, not to be of the text, what reason we haue so to do, hath bene shewed in part, and Beza by his exam∣ple iustifieth our doing. For so him self doth more thē once. vpon S.* Luke he thus writeth. Omnia quae vidi exemplaria ita scriptum habent. Al the greeke examples vvhich I haue seene,*reade so. But the old interpreter readeth other∣vvise, et rectius vt opinor, and better as I suppose. Againe in the same gospel. . Haec verba deerant in omnibus vetustis codicibus,*quae tamen prorsus videntur requiri. These vvordes vvanted in al the old (greeke) bookes, vvhich for al that seeme necessarie.* And therefore he supplieth his text vvith them out of our translatiō, and so do the english translators, who seldome depart frō him but like good scholers turne in to english, his latin. ([3])

Scrivener

Introductory clauses or Proper Names are frequently interpolated at the commencement of Church-lessons (περικοπαί), whether from the margin of ordinary manuscripts of the Greek Testament (where they are usually placed for the convenience of the reader), or from the Lectionaries or proper Service Books, especially those of the Gospels (Evangelistaria). Thus in our English Book of Common Prayer the name of Jesus is introduced into the Gospels for the 14th, 16th, 17th, and 18th Sundays after Trinity; and whole clauses into those for the 3rd and 4th Sundays after Easter, and the 6th and 24th after Trinity8. To this cause may be due the prefix εἶπε δὲ ὁ Κύριος Luke [pg 012] vii. 31; καὶ στραφεὶς πρὸς τοὺς μαθητὰς εἶπε Luke x. 22; and such appellations as ἀδελφοί or τέκνον Τιμόθεε (after σὺ δέ in 2 Tim. iv. 5) in some copies of the Epistles. The inserted prefix in Greek Lectionaries is sometimes rather long, as in the lesson for the Liturgy on Sept. 14 (John xix. 6-35). Hence the frequent interpolation (e.g. Matt. iv. 18; viii. 5; xiv. 22) or changed position (John i. 44) of Ἰησοῦς. A peculiarity of style in 1, 2 Thess. is kept out of sight by the addition of Χριστός in the common text of 1 Thess. ii. 19; iii. 13: 2 Thess. i. 8, 12. (A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament, Vol. I. by Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener)

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke's Commentary says:

And the Lord said - Almost every MS. of authority and importance, with most of the versions, omit these words. As the Evangelistaria (the books which contained those portions of the Gospels which were read in the Churches) began at this verse, the words were probably at first used by them, to introduce the following parable. There is the fullest proof that they never made a part of Luke's text. Every critic rejects them. Bengel and Griesbach leave them out of the text. (The Adam Clarke Commentary)

John Gill

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible

And the Lord said,.... This clause is not in the Syriac, Arabic, Persic, and Ethiopic versions, nor in some copies, nor in Beza's most ancient copy; and being omitted, more clearly shows, that the two former verses are the words of Christ, and not an observation the evangelist makes, on the different behaviour of Christ's hearers, upon the commendation he had given of John:

whereunto then shall I liken the men of this generation; or "to what men shall I liken them", as the Persic version: the phrase "men of this generation", is Rabbinical; so דרא ההוא אושי, the men of that "generation", are more beautiful in work than these, says the Targumist on Ecclesiastes 7:11. "And to what are they like?" To that which follows.

Tischendorf

Tischendorf adds g1, but this has been seen as an error. Hugh Houghton checked the film and it has no addition. Codex B has no umlaut.

E.W. Bullinger

E.W. Bullinger's Companion Bible Notes says:

And the Lord said. All the texts omit these words. this generation. See note on Matthew 11:16.

John William Burgon

On Luke 7:31, John William Burgon says that 1 out of 40 have the words (Causes of the Corruption p. 72, also, earlier, verse referenced Last 12 verses, p. 216) and his position is that the phrase came in from the lectionary introduction, a position also taken by Scrivener.

Barnes' Notes

Barnes' Notes on the Bible has:

"And the Lord said." This clause is wanting in almost all the manuscripts, and is omitted by the best critics.

Scholz

Scholz informs us that they are also found in some manuscripts (Principles of textual criticism: p. 48, 1848)

Ellicott

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers has

(31-35) Whereunto then shall I liken . . .—See Notes on Matthew 11:16-19. Some of the better MSS. omit the introductory words, “and the Lord said.”

New International Version

The 2011 NIV follows the Textus Receptus here in the 2011 NIV. Luke 7:31 has, “Jesus went on to say.”

Greek

Textus Receptus

Complutensian Polyglot

Luke 7:31 in Greek in the 1514 Complutensian Polyglot

1514 Τίνι οὖν ὁμοιώσω/Τοὺς ἀνθρώπους/Τῆς γενεᾶς Ταύτης; καὶ Τίνι εἰσὶν ὅμοιοι, (Complutensian Polyglot)

Desiderius Erasmus

1516 (Erasmus 1st Novum Instrumentum omne)
1519 (Erasmus 2nd)
1522 (Erasmus 3rd Novum Testamentum omne)
1527 (Erasmus 4th)
1535 (Erasmus 5th)

Colinæus

1534 (Colinæus)

Stephanus (Robert Estienne)

1546 (Robert Estienne (Stephanus) 1st)
1549 (Robert Estienne (Stephanus) 2nd)
1550 εἶπεν δὲ ὁ Κύριος, Τίνι οὖν ὁμοιώσω τοὺς ἀνθρώπους τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης καὶ τίνι εἰσὶν ὅμοιοι (Robert Estienne (Stephanus) 3rd - Editio Regia)
1551 εἶπεν δὲ ὁ Κύριος, Τίνι οὖν ὁμοιώσω τοὺς ἀνθρώπους τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης καὶ τίνι εἰσὶν ὅμοιοι (Robert Estienne (Stephanus) 4th)